Industrial America – Flashcards
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What city was involved in the 1873 Slaughterhouse Cases?
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New Orleans
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What is a corporation?
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A business that is recognized by a state and is given certain rights
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The group of people who own a corporation are called:
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Shareholders.
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What is a monopoly?
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When one company is strong enough to control an entire industry
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What happens with laissez-faire economic policies?
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The government takes a "hands off" approach to businesses.
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Which industry was helped when the government gave them huge pieces of land in the western states?
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The railroads
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How did some businesses get the government to stay out of their affairs?
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They secretly gave money to members of Congress.
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Which group of skilled workers fought for better pay and working conditions in Philadelphia?
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Knights of Labor
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What did the railway strike of 1877 do for workers?
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Showed workers that organized labor was powerful
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What causes workers to strike?
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Poor working conditions
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How did the Industrial Revolution change the lives of working people?
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Machines took over many jobs.
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Why did businesses hire children?
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They could pay them less than adults.
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Which was the largest group and made the least money?
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Unskilled workers
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Which would have been considered a "push" factor of immigration?
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Being discriminated against for your religion
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Immigrants often stayed in neighborhoods with other people from the same country. What were these neighborhoods called?
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Ethnic enclaves
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What was the purpose of the "benevolent associations"?
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To help new immigrants in their communities
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Which of these is an example of assimilation?
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Learning how to speak English
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How did the invention of the railroads help poorer immigrants from Eastern Europe get to the United States?
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Railroads made it easier to get to seaports in western Europe.
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Which would have been considered a "pull" factor to get people to immigrate to the United States?
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More personal freedom in the United States
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The cargo area of a ship, in which poorer immigrants traveled, was called:
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Steerage.
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Most housing within the various ethnic enclaves could be considered what?
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Tenements
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What did immigrants to New York first see when they came to America?
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The Statue of Liberty
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Which group wanted to stop immigration?
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Nativists
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What form of media did nativists use to turn public opinion against newer immigrants?
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Political cartoons
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What was the purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act?
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It stopped immigration by Chinese workers and miners for 10 years.
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What was the Gentlemen's Agreement of the late 1800s?
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It was a deal in which the Japanese government agreed to control emigration to the United States.
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What was one reason immigration from Mexico increased?
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Laws restricted immigrants from Asia.
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In order to make their schedules more standard, what did the railroads do?
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Divided the United States into time zones
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Which of these was made possible by railroads?
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All of the above are correct.
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Why did people move to the suburbs?
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To get away from city noise and pollution
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How did railroads change ideas about travel?
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Trains made it easier to travel long distances.
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Because trains allowed people to commute to work, ___________ started to grow.
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suburbs
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The centers of most cities became business areas after the invention of what?
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The streetcar
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Where could young people interact with each other with less supervision?
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In boarding houses
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What was the importance of Rural Free Delivery?
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For the first time, mail would be delivered to people's homes.
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Who perfected the incandescent lightbulb?
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Thomas Edison
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What did Americans get from the phonograph?
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It helped people learn to play music.
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What business were the Wright brothers in before they built the first airplane?
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Bicycle making
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How did companies like Sears take advantage of the newly created federal mail service?
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By creating mail-order catalogs
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What became a popular form of entertainment at the turn of the 20th century?
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Watching sports
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Why was the idea of a "weekend" new?
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Most people used to have to work six or seven days a week.
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Which of the following would not have been considered a white-collar worker?
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Carpenter
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What is "ragtime"?
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A more modern type of music
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What is it called when an elected official gives family members good jobs?
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Nepotism
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Which railroad company was at the center of one of the biggest scandals of President Grant's presidency?
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The Union Pacific
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What were some ways political machines hurt cities?
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People without ability or experience became officials.
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What is it called when an elected official gives good jobs to his friends?
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Cronyism
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Who was president during the Whiskey Ring scandal?
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Grant
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A lack of running water in the tenements made it extremely difficult to do what?
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Do the laundry
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Which of the following would not have been the job of a poor working-class woman?
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Office manager
