Inate immunity – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersnonspecific immunity First line of defence |
mucus membrane secretions intact skin normal microbia |
nonspecific immunity second line of defence
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phagocytocic wbc inflamation fever antimicorbial substances |
Specific resistance 3rd line of defence |
specialized lympocytes B and T cells antibodies |
| Suseptibility |
the lack of resistance to a disease
|
| Resistance |
| The ability to ward off disease |
| nonspecific resistance |
| Defence against pathogens |
| Specific resistance |
| Imunity resistance to a specific pathogen |
| mechanical immunity of skin |
| skin consists of tightly packed cells that contain keratin a protective protien |
| mechanincal immunity of mucos membrane and mucus |
cilliary escalator= microbes trapped in mucos are transported up and away from the lungs. Lacrimidal apparatus- washes eye Saliva- washes microbes off |
| mechaincal immunity of urine |
| urine flows out |
| mechanical immunity of vaginal secretions |
| vaginal secretions flow out |
| Chemical factors in innate immunity |
Fatty acids in sebum inhibit fungi and are bacterostatic low ph of skin 3-5 dermacidins and defensisns- chemicals that protect your dermis. Lysozyme- in persperation, tears, urine saliva and tissue fluid. low ph (1.3-3.0) of gastrict juice Transferrins in blood bind to iron Nitric Oxide inhibits ATP productioin
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| Toll like receptor |
Integral membrane protien that binds to specific microbial chemical responds to PAMPs they are found on cell surfaces innitiate a proinflamitory response |
| NOD protiens |
in inate immunity, intracellular receptor for microbial component regulate apoptosis (regulated programed cell death.) |
| PAMPs |
| Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns |
| Normal Microbia |
Microbial antagonism/competitive exclusion Normal microbia compete with various pathogens produce microbial substances Cross reactive antibody formation |
| Leucocytes |
| Basophis, Neutorphils, Eosinophils, monocytes, marcrophages, lympocytes t and b |
| Phagocytes |
| Basophils, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, monocytes, Macrophages |
| Granulocytes |
type leokocyte having large granules in the cytoplasm Eosinophil, Neutorphil, and Basophil |
| Basophil |
type of granulocyte that stains blue with methelene blue cause inflamation |
| Neutrophil |
type of granulocyte that stains lilac with a mixture of acidic and basic dyes phagocytosic |
| Eosinophil |
type of granulocyte that stains red-orange when the acidic dye eosin is added
toxic to parasites, some are phagocytosic |
| monocyte |
| type of agranlyocyte that which has a slightly curved nucli |
| Monocyte |
The mature form of monocyte which is phagocytosic against bacteria, fungi, spores, dust, and dead cells
phagocyte as it matures |
| lympocyte |
| small agranylocytes wich originate and mature in the red bone marrow and has a nucleous that fills the entire cell. |
| Normal Percentage of wbcs in the blood |
Nuetrophils-60-70% lympocytes 20-25% monocytes- 3-8% eosinophils- 2-4% Basophils- .5-1% |
| What are fixed macrophages and where are they found |
| fixed macrophages are always associated with the structures they protect, they can be found in the liver, lungs, intestines, and bronchi. |
| Wandering macrophages |
| Roam tissue |
| Natural Killer cell |
nonspecific leukocyte the fights tumor and virus infected cells. intracellular? defensive leukocyte of inate immuinity that secretes toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells |
| MPS or RES |
| Mononuclear phagocytic system or called reticulaondothilial system- part of the immune system that consists of the phagocyctic cells located in the reticular connective tissue (fibers support (skeleton) of the lympnoid organs |
| Classification and function of granulocyted phagocytes |
| Neuotrophil and eosinophils that are phagocytic against microbes during initial phase of inecfection. |
| classification and functionof phagocytes of aggranulocytes |
| Aggranulocytes (MPS) wandering and fixed macrophages that developed from monocytes. Phagocytic against microbes as infection progresses and against worn out blood cells as infection subsides |
| Chemotaxsis |
| cell movment that occurs in responce to chemical stimuli |
| Stages of Phagocytosis |
1. chemotaxisis of phagocyte to microbe 2. adherance 3. ingestion of microbe by phagocyte 4. digestion of microbe by enzyme 5. elimination of waste- exocytosis |
| Endocytosis |
| takining into the cell |
| Exocytosis |
| out of the cell |
Evasoion of phagocytosis Streptococcus pyogenis Streptococcus pnemoniae |
| Inhibit adherance |
Evasion of phagocytosis Staphylococcus Aureus |
| kills phagocyte |
Evasion of phagocytosis Listeria monocytogenes |
| Lyses phagocyte |
evasion of phagocytosis Shingella |
Escapes phagasome (intracellular food vesile) huh |
evasion of phagocytosis HIV
|
| prevents phagosome lysome fusion |
Evasion of phagocytosis Coxiella burnettis |
survival of phagolysosome (digestive vesicle formed by fusing the lysosme with the lysosome) qauses Q fever gram negative endospre former |
| Coxellia Burnettis |
| Gram - endospore former that causes Q fever |
| Symtoms and Signs of Inflamation |
Redness (rubar) pain (dular) heat (calor) swelling (tumor (endema)) accute phase protiens activated Vasodialation margination and emigration of WBCs Tissue Repair |
| Accute phase protiens |
compliment cytocines kinins |
| Vasodialation |
histamines kinins prosaglandins leukotrines |
| what does kine mean |
| domestic bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or not |
| Cyto means |
| greek for hollow |
| Vassodialator and internal vessel permeability factors. |
histamine seratonins Bradykinin leukotrines prostalandins |
| Chemotactic factors |
chemical trails for a macrophage fiber, collogen, mast cells, bacterial peptides. |
| Vasodialation and chemotactic factors |
compliment C5a and C3a interferons Interleukins Leukotrienens Platelet secretions |
| How does inflamation work |
bacteria enter body via a path Chemicals such as histamines, kinins, prostaglandins, and leukotrines are released by damaged cells clot forms abscess forms margination- phagocytes stick to the endotherlium emigration- phagocytes squeeze between endothelial cells. phagocytosis of invading bacteria |
| margination |
| phagocytes stick to endothelium |
| emegration |
| phagocytes squeeze between endothelial cells |
| Diapediesis |
emigration- phagocytes squeeze inbetween endothelial cells margination- phagocytes stick to the endothelium |
| Fever |
abnormaly high body temperature hypothalmus is normally set to 37degrees Gram negative endotoxin causes phagocytes to release interleuken 1 hypothalmus releases protaglandins that reset the hypothalmus to a higher temperature Body increases rate of metabolism and shivering to raise temperature when IL-1 is eliminated body temperature falls(crisis) |
| Pyrogen |
chemical that triggers the hypothalmic "theromostat" to reset at a higher temperature inducing fever. endogenerous- inside cell exogenous- outside the cell. |
| Pyrogenic Responce |
macrophage ingests a few Gram negative bacterium The Bacterium is degraded in the vacule, releasing endotoxins that induce the macrophages to produce IL1 IL1 is released by a macrophage into the bloodstream through which it travels to the hypothalmus of the brain. IL1 induces the hypothalmus to produce prostaglandins, which reset the body's thermostat to a higher temerature producing fever. |
| Classical pathway |
| [image] |
| Alternative Pathway |
| [image] |
| Lectin Pathway |
| The compliment system |
a set of serum protiens. these protiens initially act as opsinins and chemotactic factors, and indirectally trigger inflamation and fever.; the end result of full activation is lysis of foriegn cell. serum protiens activatied in a cascade enzymes convert protiens form one form to another classical, alternative, lectin |
| effects of the compliment system |
opsonization of immune adherance enhancing phagocytosis. membrane attack complex formation causing cytololysis= osmotic lysis Inflamation attracts phagocytes |
| Interferons |
| protien molecules that inhibit the spread of a virus |
| Alpha Interferons (INFs) |
| causes cells to produce antiviral protiens (AVPs) that inhibit viral replication |
| Gamma INF |
| causes neutrophils and macrophages to phagotize bacteria. |
