Hydrotherapy, Paraffin Wax, & Fluidotherapy – Flashcards
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93 degrees F
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Normal Body Temperature of skin?
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98.6 degrees F
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Normal Body Temperature of oral?
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99.6 degrees F
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Normal body temperature of anal?
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the main mechanism or way heat is transferred toward and away from the body during whirlpool (water moving) treatment.
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Define convection?
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the main mechanism of heat transfer without water movement.
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Define conduction?
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BOTH convection and conduction!
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During whirlpool treatment (water movement) what is the mechanism of heat transfer?
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When a patient is exposed to cold hydrotherapy, the cold has an action on the body and the body has a reaction to the cold.
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What are the effects of a general application of cold hydrotherapy at 55-65 degrees F?
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small vessels constrict, pale skin, quickening of the pulse, skin cold.
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During a general application of cold hydrotherapy at 55-65 degrees F, what are the actions of the cold water on the body?
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vasodilation, red skin, slowing of the pulse, skin feels warm to the patient.
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During a general application of cold hydrotherapy at 55-65 degrees F, what are the reactions of the body to the cold?
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patient is an otherwise healthy vigorous individual, room temperature in the clinic is comfortable, physical exercise is part of the treatment.
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List some conditions that favor good reactions to cold therapy?
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Age (precautions with very young or very old patients), obesity, pain medications.
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List some conditions that prevent or delay reaction to cold or warm hydrotherapy?
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pink skin in the treatment area, patient is relaxed, patient is comfortable.
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What are some signs and symptoms that help you distinguis a GOOD from a bad reaction during cold hydrotherapy?
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patient has a general pale skin color, patient is shivering, patient has a headache or nausea/vertigo.
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What are some signs and symptoms that help you distinguish a BAD from a good reaction during cold hydrotherapy?
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short quick applications of either hot or cold causes a more vigorous reaction. When difference of the temperature extremes between the agent (water) and the patient is greater, the strength of the reaction is greater. Surface area exposed to hot or cold, larger surface area causes stronger reaction.
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What affects the strength of reactions to hot or cold hydrotherapy?
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they have the potential to cause the most vigorous patient reactions, especially with greater temperature extremes beween hot and cold water.
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What do contract baths (aka hot & cold treatments) have the potential to cause?
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elapsed time in hot and cold baths vary, but often a 4:1 (hot:cold) ratio is used for a total of 24 minutes. (4 cycels of 4 mins of hot bath to 1 min of cold bath, starting and ending with a hot bath = 24 total minutes).
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What is the normal timing used for contrast baths?
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Hot baths = 100-111 degrees F Cold baths = 50-64 degrees F (higher temps are used for smaller body areas because they transfer heat less fast than larger areas).
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What are some common temperatures used in contrast baths?
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causes active vasoconstriction and vasodilation of affected blood vessels, which in theory results in a pumping effect on tissue edema. Re-educates chronically vasoconstricted vessels to respond normally to hot (vasodilate) and cold (vasoconstrict). For example - complex regional pain syndrome.
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What are the physiologic effects of contrast baths?
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reflex sympathetic dystrophy (complex regional pain syndrome), sprains, strains, contusions in the sub-acute phase.
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What are some indications for contrast baths?
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buerger's disease (circulatory disorder with glove-like death of the extremities), diabetes, arteriosclerosis.
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What are some contraindications for contrast baths?
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electric turbine motor with varying size water tanks.
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What equipment is need for whirlpool treatment?
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20 mins
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Duration of whirlpool treatment?
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106-110 degrees F for arms, elbow, wrist, and hand conditions. 104-106 degrees F for most LE's.
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Temperatures used for whirlpool treatment?
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vasodilation of immersed part - increasing circulation (warm or hot water temp.) Turbine motor moves water causing gentle massage. Cleansing effect - often used in wound care but caution if using chemical additives (correct dilution must be used to NOT harm healing tissue).
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Physiologic effects of whirlpool treatment?
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joint/muscle contractures following orthopedic surgery or trauma, facilitation of exercise (assistive or resistive), stimulation of circulation in wound care, mechanical debridement of wound surface exudates and necrotic tissue.
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Indications for whirlpool treatment?
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built low to the floor for easy patient transfers.
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Whats a Low Boy Whirlpool?
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allows motion of all patient's extremities with accessibility to the patient by the PT
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Whats a hubbard tank whirlpool?
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kept at its melting point of 125 - 130 degrees F in a temperature controlled container.
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Temperature of paraffin wax?
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it's a molten mixture: 4-8 parts paraffin to 1-part mineral oil. Mineral oil added to prevent mixture from becoming too hot.
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What is in paraffin wax?
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it has latent heat effusion: it transfers heat more slowly than water.
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Does paraffin transfer heat faster or slower than water?
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peripheral vascular disease, skin sensitivity, open wounds.
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Contraindication to paraffin wax?
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arthrits of hands and feet, should hand syndrome (aka complex regional pain syndrome or Sudecks Sympathetic dystrophy)
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Indications for paraffin wax?
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remove all jewelry, wash hands in cold water, dry hands thoroughly - water can heat to 120 degrees F and transfer heat more quickly and burn the patient, dip hand/foot repeatedly until thick glove of wax is formed, wrap in plastic and terry cloth towel for 15-20 mins to retain heat.
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Paraffin treatment procedure?
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a bed of finely divided solids such as glass beads, through which heated air is blown through producing a warm semifluid mixture. Glass beads are very small diameters (0.0165 inches) and are in a bed at a density of 155 ibs/ft3.
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Define fluidotherapy?
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similar to paraffin, applied to the small joints of the hands and feet, advantage to paraffin, fluidotherpay can be used in the presence of wounds or open lesions.
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Indications for fluidotherapy?
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when applied using a semifluid temp of 118 degrees F it can: increase joint capsule temps to 16.2 degrees F and increase hand muscle temps to 9.5 degrees F.
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Physiologic effect of fluidotherapy?
