Human Transformations Unit 1 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
All of the listed traits characterize the human species. Which one of them has been the most important in allowing human beings to adapt and flourish?
answer
a well-developed brain
question
Which statement offers the best rationale for studying world history?
answer
World history examines how past generations have surmounted challenges and offers insights for future courses of action.
question
How did Paleolithic humans adapt to survive during the Pleistocene era?
answer
They made more use of shelter and fire and developed warmer clothing.
question
Which statement most accurately describes the interplay of aesthetics, intellectual life, and religion during the Neolithic revolution?
answer
Neolithic people studied the natural world to increase their understanding of the spiritual world.
question
Which statement most accurately reflects the state of world affairs during the Neolithic revolution?
answer
Growing wealth and power led to suspicion, envy, and sometimes warfare among civilizations.
question
Which sequence best describes the order of migrations of Homo sapiens from the Middle East after emerging from Africa?
answer
Europe, Australia, the Americas, East Asian islands
question
Which description best characterizes the economies of Paleolithic hunter-gatherer societies?
answer
the nomadic hunter-gatherer groups owned few possessions and probably had no concept of private property.
question
Which statement about Paleolithic religious beliefs can archaeologists verify with material evidence?
answer
Ritual burials of early hominids with food and possessions suggest that they believed in an afterlife.
question
Which item or items uncovered at an archaeological dig would indicate that the site probably dates from the Mesolithic era rather than the Paleolithic?
answer
several finely shaped bone needles
question
Which tools and artifacts found at a Stone Age site would clearly identify it as a long-term camp for an early Paleolithic hunter-gatherer group?
answer
a large fire pit, three broken projectile points, ten worn-out scrapers, and multiple fragments of burnt bone
question
Which statement best characterizes the effects the Agricultural Revolution and the world environment had on each other?
answer
Agriculturalists and pastoralists had to exercise careful management of earth's natural resources to avoid depleting them.
question
Which statement describing technological and agricultural innovations during the Neolithic era is most accurate?
answer
Ground-stone tools improved so much in quality that they rendered chipped-stone tools obsolete.
question
Which factors would be most likely to influence a Neolithic group to give up hunting and gathering and engage in agriculture?
answer
the assurance of an adequate, constant food supply
question
Who were the wealthiest and most prominent members of an agricultural society?
answer
landowners
question
What is the most important change that surpluses of produce brought about in agricultural societies?
answer
Agricultural societies could afford to support specialist artisans by trading excess food for goods and services.
question
What primary factor determined a man's social class in Mesopotamian civilization?
answer
the amount of his personal wealth
question
In all the Old World river civilizations, what relationship exists between specialization of labor and social structure?
answer
Specialized labor contributed to the rise of social classes with products that customers bought for their prestige value.
question
What effect did Menes' unification of Upper and Lower Egypt have on its governmental system?
answer
The nation became a giant bureaucracy, with villages responsible to regions, which were responsible to the central government.
question
How did the construction of irrigation systems and other public works influence the development of political institutions in early river civilizations?
answer
The finished public projects and increased population required a more complex, centralized government to provide leadership
question
What right did women in both the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations retain?
answer
control over their real and personal property
question
What key feature of Egyptian culture is described in "The Judgment of the Dead"?
answer
the evaluation of a dead person's soul by the gods
question
Which of the following record-keeping strategies did the Egyptians use?
answer
inscriptions of images on thin reed-based material
question
Which of the following best describes the difference between the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations?
answer
The Mesopotamians invented cuneiform, while the Egyptians did not.
question
Which of the following best describes how King Hammurabi affected his society?
answer
He developed a law code that punished criminals.
question
What type of governmental leadership did the Mesopotamians develop?
answer
rule by a council of religious authorities
question
Which ancient people relied on the Huang Ho River?
answer
the Shang
question
Which of the following best describes the cultural relationship between ancient Chinese and Phoenician cultures?
answer
Both the Phoenicians and the Chinese developed writing systems that would have lasting effects
question
In which ancient civilization did the cities of Carthage and Tyre develop?
answer
Phoenician
question
What was an essential difference between the Olmec and the Chavín peoples?
answer
The Olmecs did not build their society close to a river, while the Chavín did.
question
Which of the following was true of ancient Chinese civilization?
answer
Ancient Chinese civilization had a five-part social hierarchy.
question
Paleolithic era
answer
"old stone" era. Most of the tools found so far have been made of stone. Most of these "tools" are very crudely shaped and only recognized as "tools" because of the friction marks indicating wear
question
Pleistocene era
answer
Cooling period Also known as the last Ice Age 60-15 thousand yrs ago Improved tools and clothing (constructed to warm and insulate the body) Shelters (such as caves and huts with hearths for fire)
question
Mesolithic era
answer
"middle stone" era began 12 thousand yrs ago Rate of innovation sped up More sophisticated tools, bone tools, pottery and basket ware, rafts, dug out canoes, warfare, domestic animals
question
Neolithic era
answer
"new stone" era Neolithic people studied the natural world to increase their understanding of the spiritual world. Growing wealth and power led to suspicion, envy, and sometimes warfare among civilizations.
question
Neolithic Revolution
answer
"To ensure a more reliable food source, many societies adopted agriculture and pastoralism as their primary economies" known as Neolithic revolution
question
herding societies
answer
Migrated seasonally to provide their animals with fresh grazing and fodder · It left these societies at an economical disadvantage in comparison to agricultural and agricultural-pastoral societies · Not many became advanced Civs · Those that did, only did so after only after adopting agriculture (like the Hebrews)
question
Çatal Hüyük
answer
· Located in Southwest Asia · Modern day Turkey · Constructed as a fortress with no streets and no ground level entrances o Inhabitants used their rooftops to move around the city and ladders to descend into living quarters · Wealthy agricultural town with a thriving obsidian trade · Some homes have artwork or novelty items that serve no functional purpose but to showcase owner's ability to own them · Religious shrines were one for every two houses o Had powerful figurines, such as bulls and leopards and various gods and goddesses o Many of these figurines were monumentally fat, pregnant women who could only symbolize fertility goddesses o PARTICULAR INTEREST IN THE CYCLE OF LIFE, DEATH AND RENEWED LIFE
question
Bronze Age
answer
· 4000-3000 BCE, metallurgy breakthrough in southwest Asia and china (almost simultaneously). Artisans could now make bronze o By mixing copper and tin · Spread quickly · Brought stone age to an end · Helped human kind until 1200 BCE, when iron made development and rendered bronze obsolete
question
King Menes
answer
· King who united upper and lower Egypt · Menes began the first dynasty · The Early Dynastic era · Followed by the old kingdom · Then the 1st intermediate Period · Then the Middle Kingdom · Then 2nd intermediate Period · Then invaded by Hyksos · Then the New Kingdom
question
Epic of Gilgamesh
answer
· One of the first written literature · Not entirely fictional, but fantastical · Tells adventures of a man named Gilgamesh o In real life, name was Bilgames o Came from part of Sumeria called Uruk o Military man, and leader o His life became mythical because of his prowess in battle · In poem, Gil, is touched by the gods o Starts out as a flawed individual and is tough on his ppl o His ppl pray for divine intervention and it comes in the form of ENDIKU § Who is sent to battle him. Gilgamesh wins and becomes best friends with ENDIKU § They get on the wrong side of a goddess and Endiku gives up his life and § Shows heavenly afterlife and describes it before departing to his death
question
Mandate of Heaven
answer
• The principle of divine power they believed was invested in their monarch • Should the monarch behave badly or govern poorly, this could be "disavowed" and bestowed upon a more fitting ruler
question
Book of Songs
answer
• Exemplifies the use of verse to convey ideas in the ancient Chinese culture
question
veneration of ancestors
answer
• "If people did not respect or care for their ancestors (weather dead or alive), it was believed that they would fail or run into desperate trouble. Reinforcing the patriarchal nature of Chinese society, the oldest man in each family assumed control over decision-making"
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New