Human Growth And Development Example Answers – Flashcards

A baby born between the seventh and eighth month of pregnancy

A cell’s normal genetic programming has been disrupted in Lois’s body, causing uncontrolled growth and crowding out of normal cells. Lois has

A concrete operational child can ____mentally, an ability called____.

A diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is made

A gamete

A genotype is a

A key concept in Rothbart’s model of infant temperament is

A person who lists being a valued elder as a gratification of grandparenthood values

A strong____orientation, especially, predicts gains in life satisfaction after children depart depart from the home.

A teratogen is

A zygote that separates into two clusters of cells instead of just one produces

About 50 percent of adults over age 85 are affected by

About___percent of North American and Western European teenage girls are affected by anorexia nervosa.

About ____ of divorced people remarry

About ____percent of U.S. adolescents report having had sexual intercourse.

According to B.F. Skinner, language is acquired as the baby babbles and parents reinforce those sounds that are most like words. This is an example of

According to Erikson’s theory, a mistrustful baby

According to Erickson, a sense of ____ can develop in middle childhood when family life fails to prepare children for school life or when teachers and peers destroy children’s feelings of competence and mastery with negative responses.

According to Erickson, despair occurs

According to Erickson, once preschoolers have a sense of autonomy, they become less___ than they were as toddlers.

According to Erickson, one of the major functions of play is to allow children to

According to Erickson, they psychological conflict of early adulthood is

According to Erickson, the psychological conflict of middle childhood is

According to Kubler-Ross, Mrs. Buffay’s consultation of multiple specialists after her initial diagnosis of a terminal illness is consistent with which typical response to the prospect of death?

According to Kublher-Ross, engaging in sympathetic listening is the best reaction to which typical response to the prospect of death?

According to Kublher-Ross, when denial, anger, and bargaining fail to postpone the illness, the person

According to Levinson, middle adulthood begins with a

According to Levinson, which of the following is true about gender differences in dreams?

According to Piaget, around age 11, young people enter the formal operational stage of development, in which they

According to Piaget, one limitation of concrete operational though is that children’s mental operations work poorly with

According to Piaget, specific psychological structures called ____ are organized ways of making sense of experience.

According to Piaget, the balance between assimilation and accomodation

According to Piaget, the most fundamental deficiency of preoperational thinking is

According to Sternberg’s theory of love,

According to Vygotsky, learning takes place

According to Vygotsky, children master activities through

According to research on blended families, which child is most likely to have adjustment problems when his or her mother remarries?

According to some behaviorists, children rely on____ to rapidly acquire complex utterances

According to some researchers, cognitive development continues beyond Piaget’s formal operational stage to the ___ level.

Adolescent drug experimentation

Adolescents who believe they are the focus of everyone’s attention are experiencing

Adolescents whose parents engage in ___ decision making achieve better academically

After her son’s death; Mrs. Woodworth reorganized her daily life and started to overcome her loneliness by volunteering at a teen crisis center. Mrs. Woodworth is in which phase of the grieving process?

Although hearing loss has less impact on self-care than vision loss, it affects

Andrew has well-developed emotional self-regulation. He feels that he is in control of his emotional experiences. Andrew has acquired

Animal studies on early sensory deprivation

Ann Marie has begun visiting matchmaking websites. She should know that

Ann is having more frequent disagreements with her teenage daughter. If they argue over typical parent-adolescent issues, these disagreements are most likely

Around 2 months, babies begin to make vowel-like noises called

Around 3 to 4 months of age,

Around 7 to 9 months, infants

Around age 60, Alex’s lens entirely lost its capacity to adjust to objects at varying distances. Alex has a condition called

Around the middle of the first year, infants smile and laugh more

As adults age, the skin

As in early adulthood, ____ tend to be emotionally closes during middle adulthood.

As infants understand more about their world, they laugh

As people approach the end of middle adulthood, they focus on ______ goals.

As people discover that they are no longer as good as they once were at certain tasks, they accommodate shifting to activities that depend

Assisting a suicide is illegal in

At birth, the brain is

At first, baby Mario was easily awakened every night by a barking dog in his neighborhood. Several weeks later, Mario’s sleep is not bothered by the dog’s barks. This is an example of

At the beginning of the period of the embryo, the _____ system develops fastest.

Babies develop attachments to

Baby Greer says “bababababa.” This is an example of

Barney and Cynthia met in college and married after they both graduated. They both work full-time. Which of the following is probably true?

Basic emotions are

Because of life-saving medical technology,

Because very few people would be willing to maintain a drastically reduced diet for most of their lifespan, scientists have begun to explore ______ that might yield the same benefits as calorie restriction, without dieting.

Before Jack’s mother leaves for work every morning, she takes her car keys off of a hook on the wall. Now, as soon as she unhooks her car keys, Jack begins to cry. In this example, ____ is the conditioned response.

Beginning in the middle childhood, a common fear is

Bernice and Leo never had children. They married in their thirties, and their efforts at fertility treatments did not succeed. Bernice and Leo are

Between the 1970s and 1990s, the rise in daily caloric intake

Biological aging

Boys show superior athletic performance during teenage years because

Breastfeeding for just a few weeks

By 2 years of age, a typical toddler’s height is ____percent greater than at birth and birth weigh has____.

By 6 months of age, babies can categorize on the basis of

By middle adulthood, thinking is characterized by an increase in

By the end of middle childhood, children display a strong desire for

Carlie engages in strict dieting and excessive exercise accompanied by binge eating, often followed by purging. Carlie suffers from

Carmen adopted her son just after his second birthday. What can you tell Carmen about the opportunity for attachment?

Carmen lost her job of 16 years as a result of downsizing. Which of the following is likely to be true?

Ceremonies that commemorate death

Child-directed speech and parent-child conversation

Children acquire motor skills

Children whose parents use a(n)____ child-rearing style feel especially good about themselves

Cindy, age 48, cares for her two teenage sons and her ailing mother-in-law. Along with her mother, she is one of a handful of caregivers for her elderly grandmother. Cindy belongs to the _____ generation

Compared with school-age children, preschoolers

Danielle saw a man carrying a sign that said “I’m hungry.” She took the man’s perspective, imagined how he felt, and asked her mom if she could give her allowance to the man so that he could buy some food. Danielle has developed

Despite declines in family size, ___ percent of Western babies grow up with at least on sibling.

Development is best understood as

Directly observed characteristics, such as eye color and height, are called

Down syndrome most commonly results from

During the conservation-of-water experiment, Emme can focus on several aspects of the problem and relate them, rather than centering on just one aspect. Therefore, Emme is capable of

During midlife, most adults begin to

During mitosis,

During the ___ month of pregnancy, the embryo responds to touch.

During adolescent growth spurt,

During the embryonic period of pregnancy, teratogens

During the first few weeks of life, newborns are most likely to smile

During the preschool years, high self-esteem

Elliot, age 11, is suddenly afraid to go to school. Which of the following is the best advice you can give to Elliot’s parents?

Emma left home to attend college and lived on her own until she got married. As her own children grew up and left home, her parenting responsibilities declined. She eventually retired and her husband died. This sequence of life phases that Emma has experienced is referred to as the

Even preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because

Excessive blood glucose reduces blood flow to the hippocampus, a brain structure that plays an important role in

Fifth and sixth graders describe ___ as the most influential people in their lives

Fifty-year old James filed for divorce from his wife of 25 years. It is likely that he

Following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, children in Public School 31 in Brooklyn, New York, unlike many war-traumatized children in the developing world,

For most new parents, the arrival of a new baby

Four to 7-year-olds regard friendship as

Frank, a kindergatener, says that Pat is his best friend on days they get along. But when a dispute arises he reverses himself. “Pat is not my friend!” Frank’s parents should

Frequent punishment

From the freshman to the senior year of college, most students

Generally, fathers ___ than mothers do

Generally, human chromosomes come in ____ matching pairs

Gia characterizes her life as full of energy and abundance, contradiction, and stress. According to Levinson, Gia is probably a(n)

Grief-stricken teenagers are

Heavy viewers of television violence

Highly aggressive children tend to

IQ often enters into educational decisions because it

In Piaget’s theor, 8 to 12-month olds can use ____ to solve simple problems

In Sterberg’s triarchic theory, intelligent behavior involves balancing

In ___, infant act on the environment, and stimuli that follow their behavior change the probability that the behavior will occur again

In a Vygotskian classroom, assisted discovery is aided by ___ as children of varying abilities work in groups, teaching, and helping one another

In child-centered preschool programs, teachers

In early childhood, on average, children add ___inches in height and ____pounds in weight each year.

In early pretending, toddlers use

In general, when a middle-aged worker experiences and extreme shift in his or her career, the reason is typically

In healthy, physically fit women, ____ exercise is related to ___ birth weight

In late adulthood, ____ reduces stress, thereby promoting physical health and psychological well-being.

In line with Kubler-Ross’s observations, research confirms that

In midlife, Janine, a successful dentist with a busy practice, is most likely to

In most cases, cerebrovascular dementia is caused by

In the United States, ____ are the leading cause of death among children more than 1 year old.

In the United States, drug taking peaks around ages

Isabella’s mother died in May and her sister died in November. She is at risk for

Jonathan view himself as reaching great heights of omnipotence and also sinking to unusual depths of despair. Which of the following cognitive distortions contribute to Jonathan’s view?

Kubler-Ross recommends that family members and health professionals

Kathleen described death as “nothingness.” Kathleen is probably a(n)

Katie wonders when she will first be able to hear her fetus’s heartbeat through a stethoscope. You tell her that this should happen by the

Korto has a difficult time making decisions. Korto’s mother can best help her make rational, logical choices by encouraging her to

Late adulthood is best viewed as a(n)

Lynn, a Canadian, and Sasha, a Russian, are probably about ____ percent genetically identical

Many U.S. retirees experience a(n)

Marital satisfaction is at its peak

Middle-aged adults who have made desired life changes are higher in____ than those who acknowledge life regrets without making desired changes

Mr. Willet had a sudden heart attack. He did in a hospital emergency room. The staff was very busy and had little time for contact with his family. Mr. Willet’s family members may need

Mrs. Hensley is dying. Her heartbeat, circulation, breathing, and brain functioning stop but resuscitation is still possible. She is experiencing

Mrs. Peabody was in an automobile accident. The doctor informed her family that there has been an irreversible cessation of all activity in the brain and the brain stem. Mrs. Peabody is experiencing

Mrs. Van Dalen experienced a cascade of emotional reactions when her mother died. She obviously reviewed the circumstances of death, asking how she might have prevented it from happening. Mrs. Van Dalen is in which phase of the grieving process?

On average, girls reach puberty

One landmark of male physical maturity is

Raylynne is well-liked by all of her classmates. She probably has high

Research shows that many adolescents do not use contraception during sexual activity because they

Rodlike structures called____ store and transmit genetic information

Teachers who are___ and emphasize_____ tend to have mastery-oriented students.

The Human Genome Project is an ambitious international research program aimed at

The amniotic fluid

The longest stage of labor is the

The outer ring of cells on a blastocyst, termed the trophoblast, will become the

The period of the embryo lasts from

The placenta

The sex of a baby is determined by whether

The sperm and the ovum are sex cells, or

To detect problems before birth, doctors use

To work well, vocational education must

Treating anorexia is difficult because victims

When the inherited blood types of mother and fetus differ, the most common cause of difficulties is

Which of the following countries has a higher teenage birthrate?

Which of the following is true about the consequences of smoking during pregnancy?

Which of the following statements is true about the development of self-concept?

Which of the following statements is true about the spread of STDs, including AIDS?

Which statement is true about part-time work during high school?

Which style of child rearing is linked to academic achievement in adolescence?

Which substance do American adolescents experiment with most during high school?

White, downy hair called ___ appears over the entire body during the second trimester.

____ hair is dominant, while ___ hair is recessive

______ are the most common type of multiple birth

_____ is typical of children born with fetal alcohol syndrome

A ___ is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development

A mesosystem provides connections across microsystems

A meta-analysis involves the synthesis of results from numerous studies

A questionnaire is a written form of self-report

According to the American Psycholgical Association, researchers must

According to your text, which kind of developmental force has received the most attention?

After completing his history assignment, Nico is excused from having to wash the dishes, a task he detests. Nico’s parents are attempting to use ____ to increase Nico’s studying.

An effective punishment always

Dr. Ims studies how children think about television by asking them to answer several questions related to their television viewing. It is most likely that Dr. Ims’s research involves using a(n) ____ method.

Dr. Simpson’s students were rightfully upset when he used very accurate weight scales (assessing the poundage of each pupil) to determine their grades in a developmental psychology class because his method of assessment lacked

If Hamid wants to do one study to determine whether or not playing violent video games causes children to act more aggressively, he would be best served by doing a(n)

If a behavior is effectively being reinforced it will always

Imitation is most closely related to the concept of

In a naturalistic observation a research creates a setting designed to elicit a response

In an experiment the dependent variable is the behavior that is being

Kelly is doing research on the effect of birth order on personality. Rather than collecting data on a new set of subjects, she is analyzing hundreds of studies that have already been done on this topic and is going to attempt to come up with an overall estimate of what all these other studies have found. What sort of study is Kelly doing?

Multidirectionality, plasticity, historical context, and multiple causation are all key features of the _____ perspective

Piaget’s theory emphasizes the manner in which children construct knowledge

Psychodynamic theories place the least emphasis on the ____ portion of the biopsycholosocial framework.

Researchers believe that ___ may be able to successfully treat previously incurable conditions such as paralysis and Alzheimer’s disease.

Results from individual research participants should be

Sara believes that memory processes develop the same way in all children. Sara is most likely to support a ____ position regarding human development

Self-efficacy focuses on a person’s beliefs about their abilities and talents

Teenagers would be considered a sample of a population that includes all individuals between ages 5 to 50.

The argument that each psychosocial strength has its own special age period of specific importance is the cornerstone of ____ theory of development

The basic premise of ___ is that the consequences of a behavior determine the likelihood of the behavior being repeated in the future

The biggest difference between Vygotsky’s approach to development and that of Piaget and the information-processing approach is that Vygotsky placed more emphasis on

The continuity-discontinuity issue concerns whether there is just one path of development or several

The influence of your family on your behavior would be considered a psychological force

The notion that development is best described in terms of a series of abrupt shifts in behavior best fits with the ___ approach

The strength of correlational research lies in it’s ability to determine cause

Virtually all studies done is psychology rely on studying people representative of a large group. The groups of people who participate in these studies are most commonly known as

What is the correct order of Piaget’s stages of development?

What type of theorist would most likely describe human cognitive development using the analogy of “mental software?”

Which correlation coefficient value indicates the strongest relationship

Which is a problem encountered by researchers assessing the effects of sociocultural forces?

Which method of measuring behavior is most effective at directly studying brain activity?

Which most accurately reflects the nature of the scientific study of human development?

Which must always occur in a real-life setting?

Which statement best reflects the views of the text regarding research in developmental psychology?

Which statement is not consistent with ethical research?

Which theorist is best associated with an ecological approach to human development?

Which type of variable is manipulated by an experimenter?

Which word is the best description of the meaning of the term “reliability?”

Who developed social cognitive theory?

Who is best associated with psychosocial theory?

Whose theory of development is best exemplified by the idea that children construct their own knowledge and this constructed knowledge changes with age/experience?

You are doing a study to determine whether smoking nicotine prior to taking a psychology test effects performance on that test. What is the independent variable in your study?

You are reading the results of a study that tracked how a particular individual’s religious beliefs changed over the course of her life. The study you are reading is most likely a(n) _____ study

You read a research article that concludes that the higher a student’s self-esteem, the worse they perform in school. This sort of relationship would best be characterized as