Human Diseases and Conditions Ch. 9 &10 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Primary function of the lungs
answer
Maintenance of pH balance in the blood
question
Diaphragm
answer
Dome shaped muscle that assists with respiration
question
2 causes of respiratory failure
answer
Inability to ventilate and impairment of alvcolar-atrial gas exchange
question
Most common cause of sinusitis
answer
bacterial infections
question
Do nasal tend to recur after surgical removal
answer
Yes they tend to recur
question
A nosebleed is considered an emergency when
answer
it persists for 10 min or more
question
Most common symptom of laryngeal neoplasms
answer
dysphonia (difficulty speaking)
question
Pulmonary embolism occurs when
answer
a clot of foreign material lodges in and occludes an artery in pulmonary circulation
question
Where do the majority of pulmonary emboli originate
answer
A deep vein in the leg
question
Pleurisy signs and symptoms
answer
Sharp needle-like pain that increases with inspiration and coughing
question
2 types of pleurisy
answer
wet and dry
question
Intradermal test used to detect tuberculin antibodies
answer
The Mantoux test
question
From 1982-85 what caused the increase of TB in the US
answer
Immigration from Asia, South, and Central America
question
Who is considered at risk for aspiration pneumonia
answer
Patients that have trouble swallowing, elderly, cancer patients, stroke, and parkinsons patients.
question
External respiration
answer
Oxygen inhaled from the air is exchanged with carbon dioxide from the blood.
question
Inspiration
answer
The diaphragm contracts pulling downward causing air to be sucked into the lungs
question
Expiration
answer
The diaphragm relaxes pushing upwards and forcing air out of the lungs.
question
Ordinary cold clears up in how many days
answer
4 to 5 days
question
Possible complications of influenza
answer
Bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and cervical lymphandenopathy
question
Pulmonary TB is acquired by
answer
the inhalation of a dried droplet nucleus that contains the tubercle bacillus
question
Nasal polyps protrude into
answer
the nasal cavity
question
Infectious monoucleosis is cause by
answer
Epstein-Barr virus
question
Organism specific antibiotics are used to treat
answer
Bacterial pneumonia
question
Sinusitis treatments include
answer
sinusotomy, antibiotics, decongestants, and nasal spray.
question
How much blood does the heart pump throughout the body each minute
answer
5 quarts
question
What is the FIRST symptom of coronary artery disease?
answer
Chest pain
question
Potential to be at risk for coronary artery disease
answer
40 years or older, men, postmenopausal women, Caucasians, and those with a genetic predisposition.
question
Pain that is experienced with angina pectoris
answer
sudden left sided chest pain
question
Percentage of death that occurs in the first hour of MI
answer
65%
question
How do you attempt to reverse cardiac arrest
answer
CPR and defibillation with an AED
question
Most prevalent cardiovascular disorder in the US
answer
Coronary Artery Disease
question
Essential hypertension symptoms
answer
headaches, nosebleed, lightheaded, and syncope
question
Are people always aware they have hypertension?
answer
No
question
Echocardiogram (ECG)
answer
Cardiac test that helps evaluate the cardiac chamber size, ventricular function, disease of the myocardium, valves, cardiac strictures, and pericardium
question
A person with pulmonary edema may have what kind of skin
answer
Cold and clammy
question
What type of growths on the cardiac valves characterize endocarditis
answer
Vegetative growths
question
Before dental work a person with endocarditis should
answer
take prophylactic antibiotics
question
Cardiac arrhythmia diagnostic test
answer
12-lead ECG
question
Three forms of arteriosclerosis
answer
Atherosclerosis, Monkbergs arteriosclerosis, arteriosclerosis
question
Possible etiology of varicose veins
answer
defective or absent valves
question
The components of blood include
answer
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
question
Hemolytic anemia cause?
answer
Abnormal destruction of RBC's
question
Leukemias are classified by
answer
Cell type and degree of differentiation of the neoplastic cells.
question
Cardiac muscle is composed of
answer
striated muscle cells.
question
First sign of hypertension
answer
Elevated blood pressure readings.
question
Almost 1/3 of all deaths in western countries are attributed to
answer
Heart disease
question
Lymphedema causes swelling of
answer
an extremity.
question
Cardiac arrhythmia's are the result of?
answer
Interference of the conduction system of the heart.
question
Primary function of the pulmonary system is?
answer
Ventilation and Respiration.
question
Nosebleed etiology
answer
cold, nose picking, direct trauma, and foreign body.
question
Growths or tumors on the larynx may be either
answer
Benign or malignant
question
Pneumonia prognosis
answer
It is the leading cause of death world wide and the sixth leading cause of death in the US
question
Influenza prevention and who is advised to
answer
Vaccines, Health care workers, people over 50, and patients with chronic pulmonary or cardiac disorder.
question
The most common cause of cancer death world wide for both men and women. 30% of cancer deaths
answer
Lung cancer
question
tachycardia
answer
Abnormally fast heart beat >100
question
Bradycardia
answer
abnormally slow heartbeat <60
question
Symptoms that tend to recur in patients with cardiovascular disease include
answer
Chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, palpitations, cyanosis, edema, fatigue.
question
CHF diagnosis
answer
History and physical exam, chest x-ray, ECG
question
CHF treatment
answer
Directed at reducing the workload of the heart and increasing its efficiency.
