Human A&P Chapter 3 – Flashcards
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The organelle where energy is captured and stored in the chemical bonds of ATP is a mitochondrion. nucleus. ribosome. Golgi apparatus. peroxisome.
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mitochondrion.
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Which of the following does not influence the rate of diffusion? The concentration of the substance Hunger The amount of energy available for transport molecules The molecular weight of the diffusing molecules Distance
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The amount of energy available for transport molecules
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The main function of cristae is to increase chemical transport in mitochondria. facilitate diffusion of substances into the mitochondria. decrease the surface area for chemical reactions. supply enzymes for reactions. increase the surface area for chemical reactions.
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increase the surface area for chemical reactions.
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A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration (number) of solute particles than do the cells in the solution. would cause cells in the solution to lose water. kills the cell. has a higher osmotic pressure than do the cells in the solution. causes gaps to form in the cell membrane.
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has a lower concentration (number) of solute particles than do the cells in the solution.
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Centromeres of replicated chromosomes separate during mitotic metaphase. prophase. telophase. prometaphase anaphase.
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anaphase.
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Which of the following describes a lysosome? A complex network of interconnected membranes that is a communication system in the cell. A bilayer of lipid in which proteins are embedded. A nonmembranous structure that is essential for mitosis. A double-membraned organelle that is the "powerhouse" of the cell. A tiny, membranous sac that contains enzymes that degrade worn cell parts and debris.
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A tiny, membranous sac that contains enzymes that degrade worn cell parts and debris.
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Cellular adhesion molecules are peripheral proteins. lipids. anchoring proteins. receptors. integral proteins.
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peripheral proteins.
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Cytoskeletal structures that are not found in all cell types are microtubules. fibrous filaments intermediate tubules. intermediate filaments. microfilaments.
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intermediate filaments.
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Cells are measured in milliliters. nanometers. molecular units. centimeters. micrometers.
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micrometers.
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In a cell, lipids are synthesized in the smooth ER. stomach. Golgi apparatus. liver. rough ER.
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smooth ER.
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The cell membrane controls the entry and exit of various substances. all answer choices are correct contains cholesterol. provides a barrier to water-soluble substances. maintains the integrity of the cell.
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all answer choices are correct
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Cells lose water when placed in a __________ solution. isotonic hypertonic hypotonic Ringer's lactate water
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hypertonic
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Apoptosis is also known as programmed cell death. acquired cell death. mitosis. differentiation. cancer.
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programmed cell death.
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Stem cells taken from a person to be used to treat a disease in that same person come from the person or a blood relative. the brain. two different cell types. embryos or fetuses. the body and unaltered or from reprogrammed cells.
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the body and unaltered or from reprogrammed cells.
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Vesicles are formed from endoplasmic reticulum. nuclear membrane. cell membrane. lysosomal membrane. none of the above.
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cell membrane.
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Cancer can result if the cell cycle stops. mitosis is too frequent or does not stop. none of the above mitosis is too infrequent. the cell cycle runs backward.
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mitosis is too frequent or does not stop.
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The defining characteristic of a stem cell is self-repair. the ability to turn into a cancer cell. self-renewal. origin from a progenitor cell. ability to be part of an embryo.
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self-renewal.
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The average number of divisions that a human cell cultured in a dish can undergo is 60-100 0. 40-60. 30-40. 10-20.
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40-60.
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Bone cells and muscle cells differ in structure and function because muscle cells have contractile proteins and bone cells do not. bone cells secrete bone matrix and muscle cells do not. each has different chromosomes. each has different genes. each expresses a different subset of genes.
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each expresses a different subset of genes.
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An isotonic solution has the same osmotic pressure as the cells in the solution. causes a cell to shrink. causes a cell to swell. has a greater concentration of solute particles than a cell. has more water entering than leaving a cell.
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has the same osmotic pressure as the cells in the solution.
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Which organelle contains the nucleolus? the ER. the vacuole. the nucleus. the Golgi apparatus. the mitochondrion.
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the nucleus
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As a cell grows, its requirement for nutrients increases to a lesser degree than its requirement for oxygen. its volume increases to a lesser degree than its surface area. its DNA becomes converted to RNA. the relationship between its surface area and volume remains unchanged. its surface area increases to a lesser degree than its volume.
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its surface area increases to a lesser degree than its volume.
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The nucleolus contains DNA and protein. gelatin. protein and ribosomes. DNA only. RNA and protein.
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RNA and protein.
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The movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration requires osmotic pressure. light. atmospheric pressure. none of the above hydrostatic pressure.
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hydrostatic pressure.
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A young man who ran 6 miles a day throughout high school is injured during his first season running cross country in college, and must rest for three months, then gradually begin exercising again. The skeletal muscle size in his lower limbs decreases during this prolonged period of inactivity. The organelles that break down his muscle protein are ribosomes. centrosomes. peroxisomes. lysosomes. nuclei.
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lysosomes.
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If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside, glucose will enter the cell by osmosis. water will enter the cell by osmosis. glucose will polymerize to form glycogen. glucose will leave the cell by osmosis. water will leave the cell by osmosis.
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water will leave the cell by osmosis.
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The function of the nucleus is to form mitochondria. direct the activities of the cell. provide cell shape. transfer energy. allow substances to move in and out of cells.
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direct the activities of the cell.
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In phagocytosis a cell membrane engulfs solid particles. a particle enters a cell by moving down its concentration gradient. a cell membrane engulfs droplets. a cell membrane temporarily comes apart. a carrier molecule moves a substance across a cell membrane using ATP.
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a cell membrane engulfs solid particles.
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Lucky people who cannot be infected with HIV are protected because they were vaccinated. they do not engage in risky behavior. they are already infected. their cells lack receptors that admit the virus their cells have extra receptors for HIV.
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their cells lack receptors that admit the virus
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The major components of the cell membrane are proteins and peptides. lipids and carbohydrates. lipids and proteins. carbohydrates and polysaccharides. proteins and carbohydrates.
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lipids and proteins.
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A protein that spans the cell membrane is termed a(n) essential protein. integral protein. peripheral protein. receptor protein. anchoring protein.
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integral protein.
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A cell that can divide to give rise to any cell type is a differentiated cell. multipotent. pluripotent. totipotent. a progenitor cell.
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totipotent.
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Molecules bind to receptor sites and are enclosed in vesicles in the process of pinocytosis. philiosis phagocytosis. metabolism. receptor-mediated endocytosis.
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receptor-mediated endocytosis.
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The cellular abnormality that causes cystic fibrosis is blood that clots too readily. abnormal chloride channels that trap salt inside cells lining the lung passageways. abnormal potassium channels in heart muscle. extra receptors for a growth factor. absence of the ability to feel pain.
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abnormal chloride channels that trap salt inside cells lining the lung passageways.
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Stages of the cell cycle unfold in the following order: none of the above geophase, nucleophase, ciliophase, mitosis interphase, differentiation, cytoplasmic division, mitosis differentiation, cytoplasmic division, mitosis, interphase interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, differentiation
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interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, differentiation
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Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a network of interconnected membranes. component of the cytoskeleton. liquid. cellular inclusion. nuclear pore.
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network of interconnected membranes.
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Adrenoleukodystrophy is caused by deficiency of a protein in the outer membrane of peroxisomes. nuclei. lysosomes. mitochondria. cells.
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peroxisomes.
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Which of the following is isotonic to red blood cells? Distilled water Alcohol 0.9% glucose solution None of the above 0.9% NaCl solution
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0.9% NaCl solution
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Which of the following correctly describes the structural organization of the cell membrane? A solid, rigid layer of phospholipid with loosely bound protein molecules A bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded and can move Rigid layers of protein molecules in which carbohydrate molecules are suspended A protein bilayer with lipids embedded in a different pattern in different cell types. Three layers; lipid on the inside, protein in the middle, and carbohydrates (and polysaccharides) on the outside
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A bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded and can move
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During apoptosis the cell can no longer adhere to other cells. the cytoskeleton forms large, complex structures. mitochondria merge. chromosomes join. the cell turns black.
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the cell can no longer adhere to other cells.
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Filtration is the movement of molecules through a membrane from low osmotic pressure to high osmotic pressure. from low to high hydrostatic pressure. with the aid of a carrier protein. by hydrostatic pressure that is greater on one side of the membrane than on the other. from low concentration to high concentration.
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by hydrostatic pressure that is greater on one side of the membrane than on the other.
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A hypertonic solution would swell cells in the solution. kills a cell. has a greater concentration (number) of solute particles than do the cells in the solution. causes water to rush inside cells. has a lower osmotic pressure than do the cells in the solution
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has a greater concentration (number) of solute particles than do the cells in the solution.
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The relationship of osmotic pressure and the number of solute particles in a solution is the none of the above. greater the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure. greater the osmotic pressure, the lower the number of solute particles. lower the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure. greater the number of solute particles, the lower the osmotic pressure.
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greater the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.
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About how many cells comprise the body of an adult? 50 to 100 billion 50 to 100 million is isn't known 50 to 100 trillion 50 to 100 quadrillion
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50 to 100 trillion
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If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution the cell will shrink. only permeable substances leave; otherwise concentrations in the cell do not change. the cell will disappear. the cell will swell and may eventually burst. nothing; the cell will remain the same size and shape.
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the cell will swell and may eventually burst.
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Chromosomes duplicate during interphase. metaphase. telophase. geophase. prophase.
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interphase.
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The two types of genes that, when abnormal, cause cancer are metastatic activators and apoptosis stimulators. oncosuppressors and tumor activators. tumor suppressors and oncogenes. kinases and cyclins. oncosuppressors and tumor kinetics
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tumor suppressors and oncogenes
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The structures in the nucleus that serve as a "mitotic clock" are kinases. hormones. timomeres. telomeres ribosomes.
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telomeres
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Which of the following transport processes does not require expenditure of cellular energy? Pinocytosis Facilitated diffusion Gross movement Phagocytosis Active transport
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Facilitated diffusion
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A selectively permeable membrane falls apart locally so that any nearby molecules can get through. allows some substances to pass through and excludes others. allows all substances to pass through. allows all organic substances to pass through but excludes all inorganic substances. forms a bubble that engulfs incoming molecules.
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allows some substances to pass through and excludes others.
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Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration. water molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. ions from a low pressure region to a high pressure region through a selectively permeable membrane. water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through an unselectively permeable membrane.
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water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
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For which of the following organelles is the structure and function correctly described? Golgi apparatus-particles composed of protein and RNA; synthesizes proteins Endoplasmic reticulum-network of interconnected membranes forming sacs and canals; packages protein molecules for secretion Nucleus-a bubble that holds secretions. Mitochondrion-nonmembranous structure that synthesizes proteins Ribosomes-membranous vesicles; contain digestive enzymes
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Endoplasmic reticulum-network of interconnected membranes forming sacs and canals; packages protein molecules for secretion
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The three major parts of a cell are the ER, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles. the nucleus, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope. microtubules, ribosomes, and centrosomes. the mitochondria, microtubules, and microfilaments. the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
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the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane
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The sequence of organelles and cell parts that a secretion encounters is nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, cell membrane. nucleus, ER, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, cell membrane. vesicles, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, cell membrane. mitochondrion, vesicles, Golgi apparatus, ER, cell membrane. cell membrane, vesicles, Golgi apparatus, ER, nucleus.
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nucleus, ER, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, cell membrane.
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What characteristic do simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion share? Both require cellular energy for the transport of substances. Both move a substance from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration without cellular energy. Both require ATP. Both move water across a semipermeable membrane. Both require a special carrier molecule to move substances across the membrane.
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Both move a substance from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration without cellular energy.
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DNA molecules are in the nucleus complexed with protein on the nuclear envelope. complexed with protein, forming nucleoli. complexed with protein, forming chromatin fibers. as free molecules. broken into thousands of pieces.
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complexed with protein, forming chromatin fibers.
