Human Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 10 Blood – Flashcards
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Physical characteristics of blood:
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sticky opaque metallic/salty taste heavier than water alkaline, pH between 7.35-7.45
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Blood is a type of _______ tissue.
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connective
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Process of blood cell formation within the red bone marrow.
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hematopoiesis
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Process by which WBCs leave and enter blood vessels.
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diapedesis
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Red blood cells
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erythrocytes
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**Functions of the blood:
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Carry gases & nutrients, Regulating pH, Maintaining body temperature, Protecting against foreign substances, Forming clots
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white blood cells
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leukocytes
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The iron-containing protein found in RBCs that transports the majority of oxygen carried in the blood.
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hemoglobin
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Granulocytes of WBCs
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neutrophils, eosinophils, & basophils
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Agranulocytes of WBCs
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monocytes & lymphocytes
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The nonliving fluid matrix of blood.
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plasma
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The formed elements of blood.
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erythrocytes leukocytes platelets
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The volume of RBCs within a given volume of whole blood expressed as a percentage.
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hematocrit
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The thin middle layer of centrifuged blood that consists of leukocytes and platelets.
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buffy coat
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The color of oxygenated blood.
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bright red, scarlet
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Most numerous granular leukocyte that is phagocytic, used in acute infections.
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neutrophil
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Agranular leukocyte that is phagocytic.
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monocyte
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Granular leukocyte that releases histamine during inflammatory responses.
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basophil
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Granular leukocytes that increase in numbers during allergy attacks and worm infections.
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eosinophils
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A hormone released by the kidneys when oxygen levels in the blood are low.
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erythropoietin
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The average adult contains approximately ____________ of blood.
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5.5 liters
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The WBCs that are primarily used in the immune response of the body in producing antibodies.
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lymphocytes
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Abnormal increase in the number of WBCs
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leukocytosis
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The process of RED BLOOD CELL production.
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erythropoiesis
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Factors that would increase RBC production.
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exercise living at higher altitudes hemorrhaging
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The process of blood stoppage.
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hemostasis
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Three stages of hemostasis:
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1. platelet plug formation 2. vascular spasms 3. coagulation
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Normal blood clots within __________.
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3-6 minutes
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The most important natural body anticoagulant is __________.
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heparin
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What blood type is the universal donor?
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Type O, because there are no antigens on the surface of RBCs.
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What blood type is the universal recipient?
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Type AB, because there are no A or B antibodies in this blood type to agglutinate with antigens.
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Cancer of the blood.
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leukemia
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Abnormal increase in red blood cells.
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polycythemia
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Causes of anemia:
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lack of iron genetic defect lack of vitamin B12 hemorrhaging
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A clot that forms during the process of hemostasis is made of ________.
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fibrin
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The chemical released during hemostasis that causes the blood vessel to spasm and constrict.
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serotonin
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The type of stem cell that produces all the formed elements EXCEPT lymphocytes are _______.
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myeloid stem cells
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Bleeding disorders often result from a lack of vitamin ____.
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K
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A free moving blood clot is called a(n) _______.
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embolus
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Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors are referred to as ______.
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hemophilia
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Treatment of hemophilia often involves _______.
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transfusion of plasma and injections of missing clotting factor
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The organ largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors is the ______.
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liver
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The most common type of blood in the U.S. population is ________.
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Type O.
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Sickle-cell traits is apparently an adaptation for the prevention of ________.
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malaria
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presence of anti-A and anti-B antibodies absence of type A and type B antigens
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indicators of type O blood
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In ABO blood typing, type B blood would clump with ______.
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anti-B serum
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Compatibility testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipients' serum is called __________.
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cross matching
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The temperature of blood is slightly ______ than body temperature.
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higher
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Rh-related problems occur in pregnant Rh- women carrying an ______ baby.
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Rh+
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A _________ collects and processes blood samples for laboratory analysis.
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phlebotomist
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An abnormally low WBC count is called ______.
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leukopenia
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Common stem cell of which all formed elements originate from.
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hemocytoblast
