HUM ch. 19, 20, 21, 22 – Flashcards
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Which European city epitomized Modernism during this period?
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Vienna Austria
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What was one of the major causes of late nineteenth century imperialism?
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The Industrial nations needed new markets and materials.
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Characterize the avant-garde during the period of Early Modernism.
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A time when writers, artists, and intellectuals pushed Western Culture towards an elusive, uncertain future (new and experimental).
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Which two thinkers explored beneath the surface of human motives to find the underlying truth?
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Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung
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What did Freud think that human personality was?
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The product of an intense internal struggle between instinctual drives and social reality.
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Who developed a theory of a universal, collective unconscious?
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Carl Jung
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List the three styles of Early Modernist literature that emerged?
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Naturalism, Decadent, and Expressionism.
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Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray is an example of which style of literature?
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decadent
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Which writer expressed in his novels the Modernist theme of a person victimized by forces beyond the individual human's control?
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Franz Kafka
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Which innovative group of painters painted out of doors?
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impressionists
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How did the first critics of Impressionism describe Impressionist paintings?
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Many art lovers were intimidated, angered, and threatened by the impressionist paintings. They found one of the paintings in particular - Impression: Sunrise - was messy, and hurried, and insulting to more conventional art.
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Which painting by Monet became a rallying cry for his fellow artists?
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Impression: Sunrise.
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What was a major result of the Impressionist movement?
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Art was now free to move in many directions.
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Who were the leading painters of Post-Impressionism?
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Georges Seurat, Paul Cezanne, Paul Gauguin, and Vincent Van Gogh.
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Which painter's style pointed the way to twentieth century abstraction?
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Paul Cezanne
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Which painter launched the Post-Impressionist trend in painting called expressionism?
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Van Gogh
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In painting, the term "expressionism" means:
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A way that expresses emotion
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Which architect coined the phrase "form follows function"?
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Louis Sullivan
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What was the most striking feature of Expressionist music?
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atonality
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The development of Jazz music was influenced by what other styles?
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West African and African Caribbean rhythms with Western harmony along with improvisatory call-and-response style rooted in both African songs and gospel songs of the Urban Protestant revival in the 1850's. Also ragtime and blues.
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When do historians believe that the masses became a powerful historical force?
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The period between 1914 and 1945 (The Age of the Masses).
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What two events occurring in the spring of 1917 helped determine the outcome of World War I?
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The US entered the war on the Allied side, promising fresh troops and supplies; and revolution broke out in Russia, interrupting its war effort and later causing the newly formed communist regime to make peace with the central powers in 1918.
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Which three important European nations became totalitarian states after World War I?
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Germany, Italy, Russia
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Which European country suffered the most from the Great Depression?
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Germany
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Which form of totalitarianism wanted to fuse a population into one "spirit"?
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European fascism
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World War II began with Germany's invasion of which country?
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Poland
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What did the Nazis label their plan to eliminate the Jews?
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The Final Solution
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Joseph Stalin created the Gulag network. Explain what it was.
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A system of forced labor camps in the Siberian wilderness.
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What novel was a satire on Stalinist Russia?
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Animal Farm
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There is currently a popular television show, 24, that has all episodes take place within one twenty-four hour day. What novel did this almost one hundred years ago?
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???????????????????
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What Modernist symbol was intended to reflect the hollowness of contemporary life?
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T.S. Elliote's "The Wasteland"
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Whose poetry reflected the author's anguish as a black man in a white world?
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Langston Hughes
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Who became the leading symbol of America's dominance of worldwide mass culture?
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Walt Disney
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Which 20th Century philosophy was concerned primarily with living an authentic life?
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Extentialism
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What is a key concept in Heidegger and Sartre's philosophy?
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Individual Responsibility
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Which school of philosophy was dedicated to defining terms and clarifying statements?
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Logical positivist
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What was the first art style launched in 1917 by the young Soviet Union?
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Constructivism
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Describe why Picasso's Guernica is an important and influential painting.
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Protest against totalitarian harshness
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What group of artists were famous for their outrageous acts?
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Dada
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What was the greatest threat to the West in the immediate postwar years?
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Nuclear War
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What was a major consequence of decolonization?
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The north-south divide
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The cold war led to a race to stockpile nuclear weapons by which to nations?
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United States, Soviet Union
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Who was the key leader of the civil rights movement in the U.S.?
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Martin Luther King Jr.
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What were the major influences on Martin Luther King Jr.?
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New Testament, Thoreau, Ghandi
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What philosophy or way of thinking taught that civilizations arise from deep-seated modes of thought?
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structuralism
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In what novel by Solzhenitsyn does the hero endure the hardships of the labor camp?
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One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
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Who was the leader of the poets of the Beat Generation of the 1950s?
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Allen Ginsberg, Dylan Thomas
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Which type of theater shared existentialism's bleak vision?
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Theatre of the Absurd
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Which Samuel Beckett play became famous in this type of theater?
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Waiting for Godot
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The center of Western culture shifted after 1945 from Paris to where?
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New York
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Which New York museum was a major force in elevation the artists of the Western avant-garde to dominance in Western art in the period between 1945 and 1970?
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New York's Museum of Modern Art
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Which Abstract Expressionist is famous for "drip paintings"?
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Jackson Pollack
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Describe an "assemblage" work of art.
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Mixing found objects with junk and adding a dash of paint
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Which two Abstract Expressionists showed the way to Pop Art?
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Johns and Rauschenberg
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Which art style focused on mass culture icons?
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Pop art
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Who was the most famous Pop artist?
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Andy Warhol
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Mao Zedong played a key role in establishing a socialist system in what country?
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Communist China
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Who is considered the founder of Neo-orthodoxy, which claimed that God was beyond human reason?
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Karl Barth
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Who insisted on the existence of the authentic God, known as the "God behind God"?
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Tillich
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What military alliance was formed by the Eastern bloc in 1955?
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Warsaw Pact
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What occurred in 1948 that contributed to making the Middle East unstable?
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Founding of the Israel Jewish State
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Which artist gave birth to a technique called hard-edge?
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Frank Stella
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Which artistic movement was sometimes scoffed at by critics, who connected it to Dada?
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Happenings
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What movie director founded the Neorealism movement in film?
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Roberto Rosselini
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Which art style was inspired by the theories of Freud and Einstein?
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surrealism
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Who was the leading Surrealist painter?
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Salvador Dali
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What was the name of the creative group that developed a simple, pure step of interior decoration?
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Bawl House
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Briefly describe the International style in architecture
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it developed a spartan type of interior design characterized by all white rooms and wooden floors, streamlined furniture, and lighting supplied by banks of windows by day and recessed lamps at night
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Which inventive film director pioneered the montage technique?
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Russian Sergei Eisenstein
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What is atonality?
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the absence of a key; alternative to the diatonic system
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Which movie is often called America's best film?
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Titanic
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According to the textbook, what was the greatest legacy of mass culture to the 20th century?
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films
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The domestic reforms of Gorbachev on the Soviet Union contributed to what?
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the breakup of the centralized structure of USSR
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The Post-Modern novels of which author stress the connection of sexual freedom with political freedom?
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Kundera's
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What was the Chinese government's response to the Tiananmen Square demonstrations in June 1989?
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Public demonstrations led Chinese authorities to crack down on protesters
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What is NAFTA? Between which three nations?
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North Atlantic Free trade Association, Canada, United States, and Mexico
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Mies van der Rohe developed what style of architecture in the Late Modernist period?
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less is more, simplistic
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Late Modernist architect Mies van der Rohe developed what style?
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simple, less is more
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What three new art styles are identified with Post-Modernism?
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neorealism, neoxpressionism, neoclassicism
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The Classical aspect of Postmodernism are evident in the AT&T building designed by whom?
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neoclassical, designed by Philip C. Johnson
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What author received the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for her work that tells the story of a black woman abused by black men and victimized by white society?
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Alis Walker
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Which artist created a work that presents an indictment of the meat industry?
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Sue Coe
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Who designed the Vietnam Veterans' Memorial?
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Maya Ying Lin
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Who founded the Sundance Film Festival in 1980?
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Robert Redford
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What is the Euro?
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European form of money
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What does "paradigm shift" mean?
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when a paradigm shift occurs, one world view is exchanged for another, as occurred when earth centered gave way to Sun centered
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Whose conceptual art projects include "The Gates" that was briefly adorned Central Park?
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Christo
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Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty is associated with what cause?
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environment art
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