Honors English 9 Fall Review – Flashcards

an extended narrative in a prose or verse which character, events, and setting represent abstract qualities and in which the writer intends a second meaning to be behind the surface

anti-utopia is an imaginary place or society characterized by human misery and oppression. literally work describing an anti-utopia world or society is called a dystopian work

1- the characters and actions described by the surface story 2- the ideas symbolized in the story

because writers are able to comment on what has happened. it is important because they make a statement through it about how they feel, or what has happened. it allows writer the opportunity to use a surface story to feature historical events

a short tale with a moral, which often includes unusual or even supernatural events. May fables, such as Aesop's, give human qualities to animal characters.

1- has animals 2- is short and simple 3- has a moral

a mockery of a view group, or humanity, usually with the aim of inspiring change

whatna work of literature has to say about life, a universal idea

1) the power of language 2) the struggle of self-definition 3)sexuality vs. autonomy 4) womens unfilled responsibilities to each other

an element-- incident, device, or formula-- that reoccurs frequently in literature

1)names 2)falling 3) women by windows

anything which signifies something else

shoes, trees, poetry

-an allegory -a fable -a satire -anti-utopian fiction

-born Eric Blair -was often ill with bronchitis so his mom read to him (why he loved lit. and he decided to become a writer) -at 8 he won a scholarship to go to a well known prep school -good student but rebelled bc he hated blind obedience and mindless memorization -hiechary was present at school from wealth -at 14 he studied greek, latin, french, math, and divinity at eton -became more rebellious and tried not fit in

-supervised native policeman when he wasn't able to attend school anymore b/c of grades *retired at 24 -became a full time writer and moved to paris -took odd jobs (dishwashing, coalminer) bc he wasn't able to support himself -after marriage he fought in the spanish civil war *bullet passed through his throat *fled to spain after

-wrote in opposition to totalitarianism -wrote animal farm *debate how it should be read *made orwell famous *eased the loss of his wife -1984 -- remarried so that s1 could take care of him, his estate, and adopted son -1950 -- died three months later

animal farm is about animals managing a farm. napoleon, a pig, acts as their dictator while they suffer. -the setting is a farm somewhere in England. It is somewhere near to a town called Willingdon.

Napoleon (pig) represents Stalin. -dictator -believed in marxism and hated capitalism -worked as lenins assistant -developed soviet union and communist party -cold and disliked with others -reshaped soviet union w 5 year plans -demanded absolute loyalty-murder, prison if you weren't loyal -fought with hitler in WW2 and took countries to control

"a large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar, the only Berkshire on the farm, not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his way" a.k.a quiet but manipulates to get his way -dictator and tyrant

-stole cows milk for the pigs -not mentioned during battle of cowshed -has a private army of 9 dogs *uses them to get confessions -used fear and propaganda to get his way -engages in trade to get materials -poorly executes 1st windmill (walls were too thin) -sells hens eggs for food (meal and grain) -blames everything on snowball -orders beats of england to not be sung anymore and comrade napoleon is sung instead -got drunk from whiskey and ordered it be punishable by death if drunk -Napoleon is sleeping in Jones' bed, eating from Jones' plate, drinking alcohol, wearing a derby hat, walking on two legs, trading with humans, and sharing a toast with Mr. Pilkington -changes it to 1 comm. "ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL / BUT SOME ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS" -changes it back from AF to manor farm

-represents Leon Trotsky *scapegoat

-super pumped about rebelling, gives great speeches -the thinker of the rebellion -"a more vivacious pig than Napoleon, quicker in speech and more inventive, but was not considered to have the same depth of character"

-helped set up the 7 commandments -reduced the commandments to "four legs good, two legs bad" so that even the least intelligent animals can understand -Snowball orders defensive operations in Battle of Cowshed -draws plans for the windmill (give the animals more leisure time) -wants rebellion to spread

-represents propoganda -serves as Napoleon's mouthpiece while dogs accompany him -convinces the animals that Napoleon is only acting in their best interests and has made great sacrifices for AF -squealer reads production figures - animals have more food now -convinces animals that.... *pigs need apples and milk for brain food *Boxer was taken to a veterinary hospital instead of the knacker's it said "slaughter" bc it previously owned to the knacker and they didd paint it *Mr. Jones will come back if they don't follow

-represents working class (protetatiat) - "I will work harder" and "Napoleon is always right" -knocks a stable-boy unconscious with his hoof during cowshed (feels remorse bc he thinks he killed him) -has hopes of retiring with Benjamin -he was injured against Fredricks men (knees bled, split hoof, and shot on legs) -works v hard during the windmill

-over works himself despite his lungs being weak and malnutrioned -collapses while working -taken to "the hospital in Willington" -really being slaughtered

-she represents the middle class (Bourgeoisie) -a horse: pretty, vain, materialistic, and stupid - first thing she wants to know is, "Will there be sugar after the rebellion?" and if she would be allowed to wear ribbons -animals find her in the farmhouse, where "she had taken a piece of blue ribbon from Mrs. Jones's dressing-table" -mollie shows up late and leaves early for work (complained of stomach pains) -Mollie runs off to be taking to the humans

-represent NKVD (stalins police force) -During the "purges," the secret police helped Stalin round up everyone who was perceived as a threat and then carried out their exiles or executions. Like the nine dogs, they were the violent force that allowed Stalin to remain in power.

-they were raised as puppies by Napoleons -they wag their tales just as they did to Mr. Jones -they are loyal to Napoleon and chased Snowball off -they rip out they ripped out the throats of the confessing animals -their rations were not cut

-a donkey -wise, unfazed, sits back and laughs at everyone -pessimestic and doesn't care about the revolution -notices everything but doesn't really stand up except when boxer is being sent to be slaughtered

-a pig -the rebellion started with him -believes that everything is Man's fault—Man, who's "the only creature that consumes without producing" -leads them singing Beats of England

Karl Marx -a political writer and thinker who though the rich were unfair to poor and should share the wealth. poor likes his ideas -created Marxism

-the state owns the land and its wealth -every1 works and hard and every1 gets the rewards -no rich or poor -2 marxist countries: Soviet Union and China -Theory worked but not execution due to human flaws

-"stout motherly mare approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal" -she's loyal and strong -recalls commandment not being "No animal may sleep in a bed with sheets" -not good with her words, can't read -- "If she could have spoken her thoughts." so she had no choice to follow -represents female proteletariet workers

- a raven -was Jones favorite pet -speaks about Sugarcandy Mountain where labor and suffering will end (heaven) -pigs still insist that his stories are lies, but they "allowed him to remain on the farm, not working, with an allowance of a gill of beer a day" -represent Russian Orthodox Church

-past owner of Manor Farm who is chased off -drunk and cruel -represents Tsar Nicholas 2 who abdicated his thrown -- his family and him were executed by firing squad (July 1918)

-dumb followers who go along with the crowd -"Four legs good, two legs bad" to "Four legs good, two legs better" -The sheep are part of the massive propaganda machine that Stalin set up as he came to power in Russia, and they're also the people who were swayed by that same propaganda

-owns Foxwood, a neighboring farm and disliked Mr. Fredrick -"an easy-going gentleman farmer who spent most of his time in fishing or hunting according to the season" -for a while its relationship with AF is friendly until Napoleon does a switcheroo and sells some promised timber to Frederick but then F cheats N -a symbol for the West (the U.S. and U.K.) and his quarrelsome neighbor is Germany

-owns Pinchfield -he's "a tough, shrewd man, perpetually involved in lawsuits and with a name for driving hard bargains" -He was playing the two farmers off each other to drive up the price. But Frederick has a trick up his sleeve: Mr. Whymper comes running back to tell Napoleon, "The bank-notes were forgeries! Frederick had got the timber for nothing!" -symbol for Hitler

A system where items and work are for money and property is privately owned

A system where everything is controlled by the community; believe in social change, but it can be reached peacefully

A classless society; everyone worked to his ability and receives what he needs; total economic equality

a one party rules everything government; surpasses opposition

A system that puts the nation above the individual; ruled by a dictator

the middle class

the working class

manipulation of information to infulence public option

dress used by communists to show equality

-Thedore Seuss Geisal -about 2 types of creatures, separated by having or not having stars on their bellies -star on and star off machine is created and soon the animals are all mixed up -- the they realized that they are all the same -allegory: about minorities and segregation

-Thedore Seuss Geisal -about a boy looking for answers about how the world got ruined (the trufulla forest was ruined by the Once-er by using factories) -allegory : it's about anti-pollution and anti-greed

-Thedore Seuss Geisal -Yooks(top) and the Zook(bottom) are divided overwhich side of the bread gets buttered. -they build a big wall and the Yooks stand by the walls each night with weapons -allegory:nuclear arms race and the state of mutually assured destruction (MAD) that occurred during the Cold War.

the ethical appeal means to convince an audience of the authors credibility or character -can be developed by choosing appropriate language for the audience and topic -making yourself seem fair and unbiased

the emotional appeal means to persuade an audience by appealing to the emotions -evoke summitry from an audience, draw pity, inspire anger in order to promote action exc.

the appeal to logic, means to convince an audience by means of logic or reason -cite facts and statistics, historical and literal analogies, and citing certain authorities on a subject

-now lives and writes in san antonia, texas -born dec. 20, 1954 to a mexican father and chicane mother(chicago) -third children in a family of 7 children (only girl) -worked as a teacher a latino alternative HS, counselor, and recruiter for minorities at loyala -her family frequently moved between the us and mexico b/c her dad was attached to his mom -led to a feeling of homelessness and displacement -wrote about divided culture, women, feelings of alienation, segregation with poverty, self identity and gender roles

latino(a), and isolated from mainstream american culture and using a latino dialect

Attendance - students should only be out of school when absolutely necessary because although you need to complete make up work, it is a poor substitution for being absent. If students are going to miss school, they have to arrange plans with the teacher to go over what they missed. Attitude - students should be respectful and attentive. Profanity is unacceptable. Classwork and Homework - students should be prepared for daily homework in high school and should always be reviewing the new material to facilitate it into long-term memory. All submitted work must be legible and neat. ALL PAPERS MUST BE CORRECTLY FORMATTED. THIS INCLUDES THE COMPLETE, CORRECT JBHS HEADING. Detention and Teacher Appointments - students are expected to show up to any scheduled appointments with teachers and be ON TIME. Detentions are just a consequence of the student's actions and are merely a tool to use to get students onto the right track. Dress Code - students should consider their clothing choices carefully and make sure they follow the dress code covered early in the school year. Gum Chewing and Food Consumption - unless students have individual health problems regarding food consumption, it is not permitted in the classroom. Materials - Students must have necessary materials for school each day (blue/black pens, pencils, erasers, and a highlighter, a three-ring binder, and a lined notebook.) Seating - students should be in their seat when the bell rings and should not get up unless the teacher tells them to. Tardies - students are expected to be in their seats when the bell rings and working on the warm up. Students must use the passing period to go directly to class. Odds and Ends - students must never forge a parent's signature and it is the student's responsibility to get any material the parents need to them. Cheating is also a serious infraction at JBHS.

STUDENTS SHALL NOT MISREPRESENT EXAMINATION MATERIALS, RESEARCH MATERIALS, CLASSWORK AND/OR HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS AS THEIR OWN, WHEN IN FACT THEY ARE THE WORK OF SOMEONE ELSE. ACADEMIC DISHONESTY INCLUDES BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO THE FOLLOWING: 1. Turning in work that is not the student's own work. 2. Copying anyone else's work or class assignment. 3. Allowing someone else to copy your work. 4. Putting your name on someone else's paper. 5. Using a "cheat sheet" on a quiz/test. 6. Giving another student help on an individual test. 7. Tampering with the teacher's grade records or tests. 8. Stealing/selling quizzes (automatic suspension). 9. Using teacher's manuals/solution manuals. 10. Using any material from the web w/o proper citation.

1. Parenthetical citations within the body of the text include the author's last name and the cited page number. The author's name may be cited as either part of the introduction for the quote or after the quote, but before the period. Punctuation for the sentence follows the final citation parenthesis. 2. The Works Cited page follows the main body of the text and all entries are alphabetized by author's last name, or if no author is applicable, the title of publication. 3. Students MUST document in the Works Cited page: a) direct quotations from the text. b) sections of the books or articles that are paraphrased. c) parts of the books or articles that are summarized. d) the source of ideas or interpretations, including but not limited to websites.

1. The entire paper has 1" margins on all sides. 2. The entire paper, including the heading, is double-spaced. Never add additional spaces between paragraphs or titles. 3. The font is 12-point, Times New Roman. 4. The heading is left justified and double-spaced if typed, but single-spaced if handwritten. The heading contains the following information, in this order: -- student's name --teacher's name - period number --class or course title --date written out with NO abbreviations 5. The title is centered one space below the heading. DO NOT underline the title, put in quotation marks, write it in ALL UPPERCASE, italics, bold, or any special font or size. 6. Create a header to number all pages. Include your last name and the page number separated by only a single space, one-half inch from the top, right justified. 7. The rest of the paper is left-justified. 8. All paragraphs are indented five spaces (1 tab).

1. Thesis Statement - opening paragraph and contains the central idea pf the essay. 2. Topic Sentence - mini thesis statements for each body paragraph. They should be one-sentence summaries of the entire paragraph. 3. Concrete Details - support the central idea of the essay. They are facts that come from another text, direct quotations from the text, or examples to prove your opinion to be true. Concrete details always need to be cited. 4. Commentary - connects concrete details back to your topic sentence. They explain why the concrete details prove your opinion to be true. Commentary is always the writer's own opinion. 5. Concluding Sentence - sentence echoes the topic sentence. Should summarize the main points of the essay. ORGANIZATION FOR JANE SCHAFFER -minimum five sentences -first sentence is always the topic sentence -concrete details can come from any CITED source -third and fourth sentences are commentary -one concrete detail and two commentaries = a chunk -usually the order is 1 CD and 2 CM -last sentence is always the concluding sentence

a concise summary of what you have read including both what the text says and what the text does rhetorically. In other words, a precis represents the what, how, why, and who of a writer's argument.

In a business letter, you add your address (number and street) city, state, and zip code at the top left before the introduction. Then you skip a line, write the date (NO ABBREVIATIONS), skip a line, and then write the recipient's name, title, and address. Then you skip a line and write the recipient's name. Instead of a comma after, you put a colon. You don't indent, and whenever you start a new paragraph, you skip a line. Business letters are always single-spaced.

Author - Kurt Vonnegut Basic Setting - a dystopian future (2081) Type of piece - satire (any kind of writing or speaking or art that ridicules or mocks some weakness in individuals or in society. The main weapon of the satirist is laughter. Harrison Bergeron is a satire because it makes fun of how being equal means making everyone snuff out their unique talents.

Author - Harlan Coben Purpose - to get parents to buy spyware and persuade them to "observe" their children's online persona The Undercover Parent uses pathos. The emotional appeal makes parents worried about what their children do online, getting most parents to change their views on spyware. The Undercover Parent is an opinion editorial

Author - Ellen Goodman Purpose - to get parents to realize that the amount of time and money they spend into spying on their kids is crazy; there's a certain point when you seem like you have gone insane from the constant "monitoring". Big Brother Meets Big Mother uses pathos. The emotional appeal in the article is geared towards parents that are thinking of spying on their children and why it is not a good idea to. Big Brother Meets Big Mother is a satire because Goodman uses sarcasm to get parents to realize how ridiculous they are by buying thousands of dollars worth of stuff to spy on their kids.