HLT Chapter 10 – Flashcards
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A disease-causing microorganism is called a: a. vector. b. host. c. lymphoid. d. pathogen.
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d. pathogen.
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A host is: a. the vehicle that carries the pathogen. b. a person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen. c. a submicroscopic infectious agent. d. the intermediate reservoir where the pathogen lives.
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b. a person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen.
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A biological or physical vehicle that carries an agent to a host represents a: a. vector. b. host. c. pathogen. d. lymphocyte.
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a. vector.
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The tiniest and toughest pathogens are: a. viruses. b. helminths. c. protozoa. d. bacteria.
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a. viruses.
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Which statement concerning the treatment of viruses is NOT true? a. Antibiotics have no effect on viruses. b. It is difficult to find drugs that will harm a virus and not human cells. c. Antiviral drugs completely eradicate viral infections. d. Antiviral drugs are most effective when taken before an infection develops.
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c. Antiviral drugs completely eradicate viral infections.
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Simple one-celled organisms that are the most plentiful pathogens are: a. bacteria. b. viruses. c. fungi. d. protozoa.
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a. bacteria.
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Which of the following statements about the treatment of bacterial infections is NOT true? a. Antibiotics work only against specific types of bacteria. b. Antibiotics can kill bacteria without harming our cells. c. Tests can identify a particular bacterial strain. d. Antiviral drugs may be used to treat bacterial infections.
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d. Antiviral drugs may be used to treat bacterial infections.
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Organisms that lack chlorophyll and consist of reproductive spores and threadlike fibers are: a. bacteria. b. helminths. c. fungi. d. viruses.
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c. fungi.
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Fungi: a. are single-celled organisms. b. are filled with chlorophyll. c. release enzymes that digest cells. d. are least likely to attach hair covered areas of the body.
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c. release enzymes that digest cells.
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Protozoa: a. are a major health threat in the U.S. b. are responsible for diseases like malaria and amoebic dysentery. c. are multicelled microscopic worms. d. must be removed surgically.
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b. are responsible for diseases like malaria and amoebic dysentery.
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Small parasitic worms that attack specific tissues or organs are known as: a. viruses. b. fungi. c. protozoa. d. helminths.
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d. helminths.
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Which of the following statements about foodborne illnesses is true? a. The majority of foodborne illnesses are caused by viruses. b. E. coli and Salmonella can cause foodborne illnesses. c. Foodborne illnesses can make you sick but not enough to die. d. Foodborne illnesses affect a few hundred Americans each year.
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b. E. coli and Salmonella can cause foodborne illnesses.
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The time between a pathogen invasion and the development of the first symptoms is called the: a. primary infection. b. incubation period. c. prodromal period. d. recovery period.
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b. incubation period.
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During which stage of the infection process is an individual highly contagious? a. initial exposure b. incubation period c. prodromal period d. recovery period
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c. prodromal period
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Any substance that the white blood cells recognize as foreign is known as a(n): a. antigen. b. gamma globulin. c. B cell. d. lymph node.
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a. antigen.
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The result of being hypersensitivity to a substance in one's diet or environment is a(n): a. allergy b. immune deficiency c. cytokine reaction d. antigen
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a. allergy
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All of the following are effective strategies for preventing the common cold EXCEPT: a. avoid stress overload. b. avoid exercise. c. wash hands frequently. d. replace toothbrush regularly.
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b. avoid exercise.
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All of the following are true statements concerning mononucleosis EXCEPT: a. A blood test can determine if an individual has mononucleosis. b. Symptoms of mono include sore throat, headache, and fever. c. Major symptoms of mono may last up to three weeks. d. Mononucleosis is most common among the elderly.
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d. Mononucleosis is most common among the elderly.
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A bacterial infection called Lyme disease is spread by: a. raccoons. b. ticks. c. mosquitoes. d. dogs.
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b. ticks.
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The antibody-containing portion of the blood fluid (plasma) is called: a. gamma globulin. b. a B cell. c. a lymph node. d. an antigen.
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a. gamma globulin.
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Adenoviruses are more likely to cause upper respiratory infections during which season? a. spring b. summer c. fall d. winter
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d. winter
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If pathogens are able to spread into the bloodstream, they can cause: a. abscesses. c. immune deficiency. b. systemic disease. d. allergies.
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b. systemic disease.
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All of the following statements are true concerning immunity and gender EXCEPT: a. Women's immune systems respond more vigorously to common infections. b. Women are twice as likely to experience anaphylactic shock. c. More men than women have autoimmune diseases. d. When exposed to an antigen, women produce more antibodies than men do.
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c. More men than women have autoimmune diseases.
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Influenza: a. causes less severe and shorter lasting symptoms than the common cold. b. is not very contagious. c. is transmitted by coughs, laughs, sneezes, and normal conversation. d. is caused by bacteria.
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c. is transmitted by coughs, laughs, sneezes, and normal conversation.
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A disease outbreak that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a high proportion of the population is a(n): a. outbreak. c. epidemic. b. pandemic. d. incidence.
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b. pandemic.
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Which of the following statements about meningitis is NOT true?: a. The early symptoms are unmistakable and very severe. b. Meningitis attacks the membranes around the brain and spinal cord. c. Meningitis spreads through the exchange of respiratory droplets. d. High fever, headache, and neck stiffness are hallmark symptoms of meningitis.
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a. The early symptoms are unmistakable and very severe.
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An inflammation and/or infection of the liver caused by a virus is probably: a. meningitis. c. hepatitis b. mononucleosis d. chronic-fatigue syndrome.
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b. mononucleosis
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Hypertension is: a. high blood pressure. c. blood glucose. b. low blood pressure. d. cholesterol.
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a. high blood pressure
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All of the following statements are true regarding cholesterol EXCEPT: a. It is manufactured by the body. b. It is found in certain foods. c. It is not a reliable indicator of plaque in the arteries. d. Its levels can be reduced through diet and exercise.
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c. It is not a reliable indicator of plaque in the arteries.
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Which of the following does not describe lipoproteins? a. They are compounds in the blood that are made up of protein and fat. b. They are classified by their size or density. c. LDLs are the "bad" type of lipoproteins. d. HDLs carry more cholesterol and deposit it on artery walls. d. HDLs carry more cholesterol and deposit it on artery walls.
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d. HDLs carry more cholesterol and deposit it on artery walls.
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The heart muscle is called the: a. myocardium. b. endocardium. c. pericardium. d. cardial layer.
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a. myocardium.
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The smallest blood vessels, which supply oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the tissues, are called: a. vena cava. b. arteries. c. veins. d. capillaries.
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d. capillaries.
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Which of the following potential risks for heart disease can be controlled? a. male pattern baldness b. race c. psychosocial factors d. age
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c. psychosocial factors
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If hypertension is left untreated, it may lead to the development of all of the following health conditions EXCEPT: a. kidney failure. b. sickle-cell anemia. c. stroke. d. blindness.
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b. sickle-cell anemia.
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Which of the following parameters describes what is considered a normal blood pressure reading? a. systolic below 120; diastolic below 80 b. systolic between 120−139; diastolic between 80−89 c. systolic between 140−159; diastolic between 90−99 d. systolic above 160; diastolic above 100
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a. systolic below 120; diastolic below 80
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The term myocardial infarction describes a(n): a. infection of the pericardium. b. heart attack. c. spasm of the heart. d. hardening of the heart.
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b. heart attack.
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Which of the following statements about strokes is NOT true? a. Strokes occur when blood supply to the brain is blocked. b. The incidence of stroke among those ages 20 to 45 is increasing. c. Men have more strokes than women. d. There are two types of stroke, ischemic and hemorrhagic.
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c. Men have more strokes than women.
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Which of the following would not be a risk factor for stroke? a. Estrogen-only therapy b. Diabetes mellitus c. Low blood pressure d. Hypertension
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c. Low blood pressure
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Malignant tumors: a. are benign. b. grow and crowd out or replace healthy cells. c. do not metastasize. d. are not cancerous.
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b. grow and crowd out or replace healthy cells.
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All of the following are risk factors for cancer EXCEPT: a. obesity. c. infectious agents. b. healthy diet. d. heredity.
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b. healthy diet.
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The leading cause of cancer deaths in men and women is: a. colon cancer. b. pancreatic cancer. c. leukemia. d. lung cancer.
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d. lung cancer.
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Which of the following is not an increased risk factor for breast cancer? a. Family history. b. Having a first period before age 12. c. A woman having her first child in her twenties. d. Sedentary lifestyle.
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c. A woman having her first child in her twenties.
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Cervical cancer: a. is the most common cancer in women. b. is more likely to occur to women who engaged in sexual activity before age 16. c. is less likely to occur if a woman has had multiple sexual partners. d. is not related to HPV infection.
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b. is more likely to occur to women who engaged in sexual activity before age 16.
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The cancer that forms in the supporting or connective tissues is known as: a. carcinoma. b. sarcoma. c. leukemia. d. lymphoma.
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b. sarcoma.
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Which of the following statements regarding testicular cancer is NOT true? a. It occurs mostly in men ages 55 to 65. b. A risk factor is an undescended testicle. c. Chronic marijuana use increases the risk. d. A first sign of cancer is a slight enlargement of one testicle.
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a. It occurs mostly in men ages 55 to 65
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All of the following are warning signs of Melanoma EXCEPT: a. Mole that has uniform pigmentation. b. Mole that has border irregularity. c. Mole that is larger than 6 mm in diameter. d. Mole that is asymmetrical.
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a. Mole that has uniform pigmentation.
