HIT 204: Lesson 13-14 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
What is a major factor leading to increased occurrence of cancer in the elderly?
answer
cumulative exposure to carcinogens
question
Recommendations to reduce the risk factors and the progression of osteoporosis with aging include:
answer
maintaining walking and weight-bearing exercise
question
With advancing age, the major change in the cardiovascular system involve:
answer
vascular degeneration, leading to arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis
question
Vision in the elderly may be impaired when the eyeball becomes less elastic, thus preventing accommodation and resulting in:
answer
presbyopia
question
Which of the following factors lead to delayed wound healing in the elderly? 1. reduced rate of mitosis 2. inadequate circulation 3. high risk of infection 4. more effective immune system
answer
1,2,3
question
The term given to the change that occurs in women at around age 50 with the cessation of the menstrual cycle is:
answer
menopause
question
Predisposing factors to osteoporosis in older women include all of the following EXCEPT: A. decreased estrogen secretion B. genetic factors C. sedentary lifestyle D. decreased parathyroid hormone
answer
decreased parathyroid hormone
question
Senescence refers to the period of time when:
answer
cell death exceeds cell replacement
question
Theories about the cause of aging include: A. apoptosis B. wear and tear C. altered protein (amyloid) accumulation D. all of the above
answer
all of the above
question
Which of the following may develop in an elderly patient who has several medical problems and is markedly obese? A. osteoarthritis and cardiovascular complications B. decreased activity and diabetes mellitus C. undesirable interactions with multiple prescription drugs and OTC medications. D. A, B, and C
answer
A, B, and C
question
Bladder infections are more likely to develop in immobilized patients because of:
answer
stasis of urine in the urinary system
question
Which of the following applies/apply to orthostatic hypotension associated with prolonged immobility? A. sudden changes in the body position from supine to upright may cause low blood pressure B. venous return and cardiac output are decreased with immobility C. all cardiovascular reflexes are lost with prolonged immobility. D. A and B
answer
A and B
question
Lack of weight-bearing and skeletal muscle activity for a prolonged period leads to: A. bone demineralization B. lengthening of tendons and ligaments C. decreased skeletal muscle mass D. A and C
answer
A and C
question
Atelectasis may occur with a prolonged period of bed rest because of:
answer
reduced removal of pulmonary secretions
question
Paralysis of the lower part of the body is called:
answer
paraplegia
question
Which of the following frequently causes decubitus ulcers?
answer
ischemia at pressure points
question
Inactive muscle quickly loses strength as it becomes __________.
answer
atrophied
question
Which of the following is likely to develop when a leg is immobilized in a cast?
answer
muscle atrophy
question
Which of the following is/are common effect(s) of prolonged immobility in children? A. delayed linear growth B. contractures and deformities involving the hips, spine, legs, and feet C. skeletal muscle weakness D. all of the above
answer
all of the above
question
What do prolonged periods of immobility frequently lead to? 1. orthostatic hypotension 2. increased blood pressure and increased heart rate 3. increased risk of both thrombi and emboli 4. rapid, deep respirations
answer
1,3
question
All of the following changes are associated with aging EXCEPT: A. loss of elastic fibers B. decreased metabolic rate C. decreased secretion of all hormones D. degenerative vascular changes
answer
decreased secretion of all hormones
question
Lung expansion in the elderly may be reduced because of decreased: 1. tissue elasticity 2. rib mobility 3. control by the respiratory center 4. skeletal muscle strength
answer
1,2,4
question
Vision in the elderly may be impaired when the eyeball become less elastic, thus preventing accommodation and resulting in:
answer
presbyopia
question
The major problem associated with immobility and the gastrointestinal tract is:
answer
constipation
question
What is a major factor predisposing to pulmonary infection in immobilized patients?
answer
stasis of secretions in the lungs
question
Prolonged immobility may predispose ______ in the kidneys.
answer
urinary stasis, renal calculi, and infection
question
Virchaow's triad refers to:
answer
a combination of factors affecting potential thrombus formation
question
Selye defined three stages in the stress response. The third stage is designated as the:
answer
stage of exhaustion
question
Improved function of the heart and brain during a stress response results from: 1. glycogenesis 2. bronchodilation 3. vasoconstriction in the skin and viscera 4. decreased metabolic rate
answer
2,3
question
In which of the following situations would the stress response be used to prevent blood pressure from dropping too low?
answer
internal hemorrhage from injuries in a car accident
question
Hans Selye defined his general adaptation syndrome concept, which is also known as:
answer
fight or flight
question
The stress response involves the integrated action of the: 1. hypothalamus 2. hypophysis 3. sympathetic nervous system 4. adrenal glands
answer
1,2,3,4
question
Which of the following may alter a person's perception of a stressor? A. the presence of several stressors at the same time B. past experiences C. lack of effective coping mechanisms D. A, B, and C
answer
A,B, and C
question
A serious consequence of a major disaster, first recognized in war veterans is:
answer
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
question
withdrawal from any drug is best accomplished:
answer
with medical support
question
Which of the following applies to abuse of anabolic steroids?
answer
they often cause permanent damage to the cardiovascular system
question
What is a common indication of substance abuse?
answer
behavioral change
question
synergism can cause an emergency situation when:
answer
a combination of alcohol and drugs has been taken
question
when an increased dosage of a drug causes toxic effects, it is called:
answer
overdose
question
Which of the following is a synthetic opioid that prevents withdrawal symptoms and improves function?
answer
methadone
question
What is physiological dependence?
answer
adaptation of the body to a drug, resulting in withdrawal signs after the drug is discontinued
question
Choose the correct effects of exposure of the ears to very cold temperatures: A. loss of sensation B. lethargy and confusion C. vascular occlusions D. A and C
answer
A and C
question
Which of the following is a potential effect of a bite or sting?
answer
anaphylaxis
question
What is/are signs of hypothermia?
answer
lethargy and confusion
question
Which statement applies to food poisoning? 1. it results from consuming contaminated food and water 2. it often causes gastroenteritis, including vomiting and diarrhea 3. outbreaks occur frequently in institutions 4. it is often caused by E. coli, normally found in the stomach
answer
1,2,3
question
The term pica refers to:
answer
the consumption of nonfood substances such as clay
question
The amount of radiation absorbed by the body is measured in rads, or _________.
answer
radiation-absorbed doses
question
Severe, prolonged stress may cause acute renal failure or stress ulcers to develop as a result of:
answer
prolonged vasoconstriction and ischemia
question
Possible complications caused by prolonged, severe stress include all of the following EXCEPT: A. hypertension B. tension headache C. diabetes mellitus D. blindness
answer
blindness
question
A patient who has developed a tolerance for codeine will:
answer
require a larger dose than expected to control pain
question
Chronic alcoholism is likely to cause all of the following EXCEPT: A. cirrhosis B. mental confusion C. loss of motor coordination D. altered personality and amnesia E. respiratory failure
answer
respiratory failure
question
Chemical dependency has been associated with all the following EXCEPT: A. hereditary factors B. disease requiring certain prescription drugs C. easy access to many kinds of drugs D. increased acceptance of alcohol or marijuana to cope with stress D. increased work productivity
answer
increased work productivity
question
Which of the following statements is characteristic of alcohol?
answer
It may cause congenital defects in infants born to alcoholic mothers
question
A common illness for tourists in developing countries is "traveler's diarrhea", often caused by:
answer
E. coli
question
Illness in institutions may be traced back to food handlers who: A. are carriers of pathogens B. do not practice adequate hand-washing or sanitization C. bring in pathogens from home or community D. A, B, and C
answer
A, B, and C
question
Two types of eye damage that can be caused by a laser beam are:
answer
thermal burn and photochemical damage
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New