HIT 204: Lesson 13-14 – Flashcards
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Which of the following factors lead to delayed wound healing in the elderly? 1. reduced rate of mitosis 2. inadequate circulation 3. high risk of infection 4. more effective immune system
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1,2,3
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The term given to the change that occurs in women at around age 50 with the cessation of the menstrual cycle is:
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menopause
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Predisposing factors to osteoporosis in older women include all of the following EXCEPT: A. decreased estrogen secretion B. genetic factors C. sedentary lifestyle D. decreased parathyroid hormone
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decreased parathyroid hormone
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Senescence refers to the period of time when:
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cell death exceeds cell replacement
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Theories about the cause of aging include: A. apoptosis B. wear and tear C. altered protein (amyloid) accumulation D. all of the above
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all of the above
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Which of the following may develop in an elderly patient who has several medical problems and is markedly obese? A. osteoarthritis and cardiovascular complications B. decreased activity and diabetes mellitus C. undesirable interactions with multiple prescription drugs and OTC medications. D. A, B, and C
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A, B, and C
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Bladder infections are more likely to develop in immobilized patients because of:
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stasis of urine in the urinary system
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Which of the following applies/apply to orthostatic hypotension associated with prolonged immobility? A. sudden changes in the body position from supine to upright may cause low blood pressure B. venous return and cardiac output are decreased with immobility C. all cardiovascular reflexes are lost with prolonged immobility. D. A and B
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A and B
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Lack of weight-bearing and skeletal muscle activity for a prolonged period leads to: A. bone demineralization B. lengthening of tendons and ligaments C. decreased skeletal muscle mass D. A and C
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A and C
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Atelectasis may occur with a prolonged period of bed rest because of:
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reduced removal of pulmonary secretions
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Paralysis of the lower part of the body is called:
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paraplegia
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Which of the following frequently causes decubitus ulcers?
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ischemia at pressure points
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Inactive muscle quickly loses strength as it becomes __________.
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atrophied
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Which of the following is likely to develop when a leg is immobilized in a cast?
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muscle atrophy
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Which of the following is/are common effect(s) of prolonged immobility in children? A. delayed linear growth B. contractures and deformities involving the hips, spine, legs, and feet C. skeletal muscle weakness D. all of the above
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all of the above
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What do prolonged periods of immobility frequently lead to? 1. orthostatic hypotension 2. increased blood pressure and increased heart rate 3. increased risk of both thrombi and emboli 4. rapid, deep respirations
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1,3
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All of the following changes are associated with aging EXCEPT: A. loss of elastic fibers B. decreased metabolic rate C. decreased secretion of all hormones D. degenerative vascular changes
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decreased secretion of all hormones
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Lung expansion in the elderly may be reduced because of decreased: 1. tissue elasticity 2. rib mobility 3. control by the respiratory center 4. skeletal muscle strength
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1,2,4
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Vision in the elderly may be impaired when the eyeball become less elastic, thus preventing accommodation and resulting in:
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presbyopia
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The major problem associated with immobility and the gastrointestinal tract is:
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constipation
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What is a major factor predisposing to pulmonary infection in immobilized patients?
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stasis of secretions in the lungs
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Prolonged immobility may predispose ______ in the kidneys.
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urinary stasis, renal calculi, and infection
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Virchaow's triad refers to:
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a combination of factors affecting potential thrombus formation
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Selye defined three stages in the stress response. The third stage is designated as the:
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stage of exhaustion
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Improved function of the heart and brain during a stress response results from: 1. glycogenesis 2. bronchodilation 3. vasoconstriction in the skin and viscera 4. decreased metabolic rate
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2,3
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In which of the following situations would the stress response be used to prevent blood pressure from dropping too low?
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internal hemorrhage from injuries in a car accident
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Hans Selye defined his general adaptation syndrome concept, which is also known as:
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fight or flight
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The stress response involves the integrated action of the: 1. hypothalamus 2. hypophysis 3. sympathetic nervous system 4. adrenal glands
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1,2,3,4
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Which of the following may alter a person's perception of a stressor? A. the presence of several stressors at the same time B. past experiences C. lack of effective coping mechanisms D. A, B, and C
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A,B, and C
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A serious consequence of a major disaster, first recognized in war veterans is:
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post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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withdrawal from any drug is best accomplished:
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with medical support
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Which of the following applies to abuse of anabolic steroids?
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they often cause permanent damage to the cardiovascular system
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What is a common indication of substance abuse?
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behavioral change
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synergism can cause an emergency situation when:
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a combination of alcohol and drugs has been taken
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when an increased dosage of a drug causes toxic effects, it is called:
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overdose
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Which of the following is a synthetic opioid that prevents withdrawal symptoms and improves function?
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methadone
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What is physiological dependence?
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adaptation of the body to a drug, resulting in withdrawal signs after the drug is discontinued
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Choose the correct effects of exposure of the ears to very cold temperatures: A. loss of sensation B. lethargy and confusion C. vascular occlusions D. A and C
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A and C
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Which of the following is a potential effect of a bite or sting?
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anaphylaxis
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What is/are signs of hypothermia?
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lethargy and confusion
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Which statement applies to food poisoning? 1. it results from consuming contaminated food and water 2. it often causes gastroenteritis, including vomiting and diarrhea 3. outbreaks occur frequently in institutions 4. it is often caused by E. coli, normally found in the stomach
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1,2,3
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The term pica refers to:
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the consumption of nonfood substances such as clay
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The amount of radiation absorbed by the body is measured in rads, or _________.
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radiation-absorbed doses
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Severe, prolonged stress may cause acute renal failure or stress ulcers to develop as a result of:
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prolonged vasoconstriction and ischemia
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Possible complications caused by prolonged, severe stress include all of the following EXCEPT: A. hypertension B. tension headache C. diabetes mellitus D. blindness
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blindness
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A patient who has developed a tolerance for codeine will:
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require a larger dose than expected to control pain
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Chronic alcoholism is likely to cause all of the following EXCEPT: A. cirrhosis B. mental confusion C. loss of motor coordination D. altered personality and amnesia E. respiratory failure
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respiratory failure
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Chemical dependency has been associated with all the following EXCEPT: A. hereditary factors B. disease requiring certain prescription drugs C. easy access to many kinds of drugs D. increased acceptance of alcohol or marijuana to cope with stress D. increased work productivity
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increased work productivity
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Which of the following statements is characteristic of alcohol?
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It may cause congenital defects in infants born to alcoholic mothers
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A common illness for tourists in developing countries is "traveler's diarrhea", often caused by:
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E. coli
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Illness in institutions may be traced back to food handlers who: A. are carriers of pathogens B. do not practice adequate hand-washing or sanitization C. bring in pathogens from home or community D. A, B, and C
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A, B, and C
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Two types of eye damage that can be caused by a laser beam are:
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thermal burn and photochemical damage
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