History of Rock and Roll Test 1 – Flashcards
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Who coined the term 'Rock 'n' Roll' as a Cleveland disc jockey?
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Alan Freed
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Who began broadcasting rhythm and blues & country for a multiracial audience?
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Alan Freed
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What music style used syncopated rhythm (authentic black style) combined with black innovation (white response)?
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Rag Time
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Who was known for the piano bar tune, "Maple Leaf Rag" which was important for the development of blues & jazz?
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Scott Joplin
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Rock & Roll developed in the subcultures of what type of music?
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Race & Hillbilly Music
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This type of music attracted blacks during the late 1800s and early 1900s but wasn't played on the radio til the 1940's
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Race Music
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This famous Race Music musician was known for singing, "The Empress of the Blues," "St. Louis Blues," & "Empty Bed Blues"
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Bessie Smith
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This type of music performed by & intended for sale to rural southern whites. It reflected the traditions and values of performers.
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Old-time/ Hillbilly Music
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Early radio played a major role in the popularity of this type of music; first broadcast was in Atlanta in 1922
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Old-time/ Hillbilly Music
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Known for his vital role in Hillbilly music, this man paved the way for 3 generations to follow in his footsteps musically
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Hank Williams
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His most well known songs include "Honky Tonkin'" and "Hey Good Lookin"
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Hank Williams
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This type of music adapted the sensibility of blues and formed a rhythm section as a backbeat
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Jazz Music
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This type of music started in NOLA
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Jazz Music
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Who sang "Strange Fruit" - song about racial lynching?
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Billie Holiday
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Famous 'Folk Music' artist that sang "This Land is Your Land"
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Woody Guthrie
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Who was a Rock & Roll star before Rock & Roll?
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Frank Sinatra
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Who combined jazz, broadway and tin pan alley music in the 1940s and thus, revolutionizing pop?
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Frank Sinatra
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His album, 'Wee Small Hours' competed against Rock & Roll music and was later listed on Rolling Stones' 100 greatest albusm of all time.
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Frank Sinatra
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This person once called Rock & Roll "the most brutal, ugly, desperate, vicious form of expression it has been my misfortune to hear"
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Frank Sinatra
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This name is given to the 2 musicians who were born before Robert Johnson, but their careers took off after
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Mississippi Delta Blues
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These 2 men were apart of the Mississippi Delta Blues
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Lead Belly and Son House
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Known as 'The Blues Highway' and was later a title for one of Bob Dylan's albums
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Highway 61
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Duluth, Chicago, St. Louis, Memphis and NOLA are all part of ____?
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Highway 61
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This was the name of the location in Clarksdale, Miss. where Robert Johnson had a 'meeting with the devil'
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The Crossroads
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This musician disappeared for a few months and after apparently 'having a meeting with the devil' came back with amazing guitar technique and signed record deal with Vocalion
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Robert Johnson
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"The Great Man Theory" is applied to him
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Robert Johnson
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Only 2 pictures of him exist making his career something referred to as 'pure legend' only existing on his records
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Robert Johnson
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His legacy on record comes from only 2 recording sessions
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Robert Johnson
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Had a huge influence on Eric Clapton, and in 2004 Clapton released an complete album of song covers
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Robert Johnson
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This blues musician is part of the '27 Club'
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Robert Johnson
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This album of Robert Johnson's was released 25 years after his death as a compilation album and marked a key moment in Rock & Roll history; it was also on Rolling Stone's '500 Greatest Albums of All Time'
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King of the Delta Blues Singers
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Met Robert Johnson at Dockery Plantation in Mississippi
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Charley Patton
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Known for his song "High Water Everywhere" depicting the 1927 Flood and its major affects
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Charley Patton
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Song by Charley Patton; Tells of the 1927 Flood and its devastating affects
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"High Water Everywhere"
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This gospel musician originally was going to be a preacher; he had a brief career in the 30's, but didn't peak until after his 'rediscovery' while working at the NY Central RailRoad
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Son House
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Known for his introduction of folk lore songs to the general audience?
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Leadbelly
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**** Has been covered by bands from ABBA to Led Zepellin to Nirvana
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Leadbelly
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This Jazz musician first heard the sound of a comet at the "Funky Butt" (a music venue in NOLA; began as a gathering place for slaves)
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Louis Armstrong
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**** His song, "Hello Dolly" went to #1 on the U.S. charts and ended The Beatles 3 top song winning streak
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Louis Armstrong
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The oldest person to top the Billboard singles chart at the age of 63
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Louis Armstrong
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This song ended the Beatles streak of 3 #1 hits on US charts in a row in 1964
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"Hello Dolly"
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He claimed to have invented jazz
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Jelly Roll Morton
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His nickname came from the song "Jelly Roll Blues" (slang for female genetalia)
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Jelly Roll Morton
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Nicknamed "Bach of Rock' for his pianist skills
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Professor Longhair
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After a long hiatus, this musician's career revived after his appearance at the NOLA jazz festival and he later wrote the song "Right Place, Wrong Time"
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Professor Longhair
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One of the first 10 in the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, this man sold more records in the 50's than anyone else (with the exception of Elvis)
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Fats Domino
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Wrote song, "Ain't that a shame" & "My Blueberry Hill" and was loved by the Beatles.
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Fats Domino
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This famous musician was presumably dead after hurricane Katrina, but actually escaped and lived
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Fats Domino
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Worked together with Fats Domino and wrote most of his music
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Dave Bartholomew
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Known as 'Mr. Personality' and song "Lawdy Miss Clawdy"
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Lloyd Price
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This man developed artists such as Ernie K-Doe, Lee Dorsey and Chris Kenner
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Allen Touissant
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Developed by Allen Touissant and his song, 'Mother in Law' made it to #1 in 1961
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Ernie K-Doe
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Developed by Allen Toussaint and sang, 'I like it like that' (#2 in 1961)
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Chris Kenner
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This style of music had an influence on Rock and Roll with its driving rhythms with distortion and feedback using electric guitars
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Electric/Urban Blues
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Consisted of 'The Big Three - Holy Trinity' musicians
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Electric/Urban Blues
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Signed 'The Big Three' aka 'Holy Trinity' consisting of Muddy Waters, Howlin Wolf and John Lee Hooker (all from Miss. but moved to Chicago) as well as Etta James
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Chess Records
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Label known for its address: 2120 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, which later became a Rolling Stones song
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Chess Records
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The most important indie blues label; founded by Leonard and Phil Chess; began selling albums from the back of Chess' Cadillac - thus, nicknamed Cadillac Records
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Chess Records
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Film about Chess Records - The most important indie blues label; founded by Leonard and Phil Chess; began selling albums from the back of Chess' Cadillac
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Cadillac Records
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The first blues superstar that put Chess records on the map
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Muddy Waters
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His song, "Rolling Stone," was inspiration for both the name of the band and the magazine; Led Zepellin covered several of his songs and he didn't give him proper credit
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Muddy Waters
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Part of the 'Big 3' - most of his songs were co-written by Willie Dixon
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Howlin' Wolf
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Co-writer of Muddy Waters and Howlin' Wolf's songs; a songwriter, producer & creative partner
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Willie Dixon
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The only bluesman from the 'old days' to live long enough to fully enjoy the rock- star-like status of blues into the new millennium
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John Lee Hooker
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Movie about jazz in Chicago in which John Lee Hooker performed his song, 'Boom Boom'
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The Blues Brothers
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An important musician to the early Chicago blues scene, born in Miss. and recorded for Chess, but not a part of the 'Big 3'
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Elmore James
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The World's most famous enlisted man
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Elvis Presley
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His mother died while he was in the army and changed his life forever
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Elvis Presley
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Holds the record for the most songs charting on 'Billboard's Top 40'
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Elvis Presley
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Post-army, this musician settled into a career of Hollywood blandness, at the mercy of Tom Parker, and had an awful acting career
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Elvis Presley
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His comeback in 1968 via the NBC TV Special was one of the most successful comebacks by a musician and 42 % of Americans watched it
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Elvis Presley
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Following his comeback in 1968, he was quoted that he would never sing a song he didn't believe in ever again
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Elvis Presley
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The tv performance in 1968 in which Elvis sang his heart out, knowing that this was probably his last shot
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The Comeback Special
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The tv special in which Elvis performed and was the #1 rated show of the year (42% of Americans tuned in to watch)
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The Comeback Special
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Song sung by Elvis during his NBC TV special in 1968 where he sung his heart out knowing that this was perhaps his last chance
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"If I Can Dream"
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After singing this song, Elivs was quoted that he would never sing a song he didn't believe in ever again
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"If I Can Dream"
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The most watched broadcast by an individual entertainer in history (via satellite, 1973)
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Aloha from Hawaii
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The 2nd most visited house in the U.S. (2nd to the white house)
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Graceland
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The home of Elvis
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Graceland
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'The "Father of Rock & Roll'
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Chuck Berry
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First great creative artist of rock & roll (elvis didn't write his own work)
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Chuck Berry
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He helped to break down rock & roll's racial color barrier
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Chuck Berry
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The 1960's British Invasion bands covered this artist more than any other R & R artist
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Chuck Berry
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Piano player for Chuck Berry for 28 years; initially they started playing together in clubs
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Johnnie Johnson
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#1 in Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time
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"Johnny B. Goode"
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Caused controversy as it was written by Dave Bartholomew and was recorded by Berry without his knowledge; later became Berry's only number 1 single
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"My Ding-A-Ling"
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Film about the life of Chuck Berry based on his own autobiography that he wrote while in prison
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Hail! Hail! Rock 'N' Roll
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Known for beat: "a-wop-bop-a-loo-bop-a-lop-bam- boom
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Little Richard
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Set the standard for rock-n-roll wild men
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Little Richard
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The 'Architect of Rock & Roll'
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Little Richard
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Always a fashion icon, but band hated wearing the make-up
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Little Richard
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At the peak of his career, he became a born-again Christian, threw his diamonds in a river so people knew he was serious, and went back and forth between being a minister and musician after
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Little Richard
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Quoted for saying: "Elvis may be the King of Rock and Roll, but I am the Queen."
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Little Richard
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Collaborated with Little Richard
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Bumps Blackwell
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Little Richard owes his signature 'WOOOO' hollering to _______.
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Marion Williams
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One of the defining songs of rock & roll, but it's original lyrics were to graphic so they were changed
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"Tutti-Frutti"
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Who was known as 'the originator'?
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Bo Diddley
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Recorded in Chicago for Chess and known for his trademark rectangular shaped guitar
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Bo Diddley
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This musician died in Archer, Fl. and Gainesville named the downtown plaza after him, 'Bo Diddley Community Plaza'
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Bo Diddley
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Beat that originated from African tribal beats, 'dun dun dun a dun'
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The Bo Diddley Beat
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This beat inspired "The Story of Bo Diddley" by The Animals
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The Bo Diddley Beat
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Theme song to a film which unintentionally resulted in the most potent celebration of rock & roll music on screen at the time
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The Girl Can't Help It
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guitar, bass & drums
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Rock's basic instruments
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What instrument embodies Rock & Roll (without it R&R wouldn't exist)?
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Electric Guitar
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What were electric guitars first designed to look like?
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Solid body guitars so that no one would know the difference
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Who teamed up with Gibson guitars and invented/released an electric guitar model in 1952 that is still respected and used today?
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Les Paul
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Who invented multi-track recording machines in this garage?
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Les Paul
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Who was nick-named 'The Tinkerer' for his inventions?
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Les Paul
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When did indie/major labels being investing in musicians?
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Post WWII
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Was in movie with Elvis as a kid, later played the role of Elvis in Forrest Gump?
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Kurt Russell
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Who were the main 2 indie labels?
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Chess and Sun
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Who made the first true 'Rock & Roll'?
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Sam Phillips
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Who was the producer, label owner and talent scout that discovered Elvis?
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Sam Phillips
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Label started by Sam Phillips in 1952
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Sun Records
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It's name means 'new day'
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Sun Records
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Sam Phillips' secretary → first discovered Elvis and told Sam about him
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Marion Keisher
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His band, Kings of Rhythm, had a broken amp during their recording session with Sam Phillips, but Sam ended up loving the distortion
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Ike Turner
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Quoted to say: "The kid with sideburns needs a chance"
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Marion Keisher
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Was originally written by another one of the artists Sam signed, not originally done by Elvis --> was # 1 for 11 wks (record not broken until 1992 with Boyz 2 Men)
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Hound Dog
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Radio celebrity in Memphis who gave Elvis a lot of airtime, which helped launch his career
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Dewey Phillips
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Radio celebrity that attracted both a white and black audience
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Dewey Phillips
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First white performer he regularly played on his show
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Dewey Phillips
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Became Elvis' manager in 1955 and signed him to RCA records
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Col. Tom Parker
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Convinced Sam Phillips to release Elvis from Sun Records for only $40,000
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Col. Tom Parker
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Took 50% of Elvis' earnings and probably ruined his career - common profit for a manager was 10%
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Col. Tom Parker
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These two songs paired up and became the first record to appeal to pop, R&B and country charts → crossover appeal
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"Hound Dog" / "Don't Be Cruel"
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Consisted of Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and Elvis Presley (began as a jam sesh of friends)
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Million Dollar Quartet
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Song written by the Beatles, inspired by Fats Domino, and later covered by Fats Domino
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"Lady madonna"
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Song about being a banker by Woodie Guthrie
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"Jolly Banker"
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Produced by Allen touissant; recorded songs and won a gold disc until the label folded and he went back to his car repair business
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Lee Dorsey
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Elvis Presley's guitarist and bassist
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Scotty Moore (guitarist) & Bill Black (bassist)
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Original name for sun studio (where elvis recorded)
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Memphis Recording Service
