History Exam (Possible Exam Questions) – Flashcards

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Identify the primary reason that Renaissance culture spread throughout Europe by the late sixteenth century
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Economic prosperity and competition between political and religious leaders
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Why was it necessary to continue to import large numbers of African slaves to replenish labor on sugar plantations?
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Most of the slaves were men, who suffered high mortality rates due to overwork and poor conditions
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Which of the following was major consequence of the Renaissance?
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A network of independent, educated people who were not totally reliant on either the state or the church
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Mining officials, in contrast to rulers in Portugal and Spain, viewed maritime expansion as
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A potential source of disorder and instability
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The main goal of Zheng He's voyages was to
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Reestablish trade and collect tribute
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Which of the following attributes made caravel useful in exploring African coasts?
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The caravel was sturdy enough to sail rough Atlantic seas, while its ability to tack using its triangular sails made it maneuverable in coastal estuaries
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What was Portugal's primary goal in the Indian Ocean trade?
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To take over the trade or tax local merchants
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Which of the following best explains why the Portuguese dominated the Indian Ocean sea lanes in the early sixteenth century?
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The Portuguese mounted small cannons on their vessels to bombard ports and rival ships
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The establishment of colonies in the Americas in the sixteenth century provided Europeans with which of the following advantages in global trade?
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European products that were not esteemed in Afro-Eurasia could be sold in the Americans
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What circumstance permitted the English and Dutch to expand their trade in Asia and the Americas?
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They took advantage of Spain's bankruptcy caused by religious and dynastic wars
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In what way was the rule of the Mughals under Akbar different from that of contemporary European monarchs?
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Akbar encouraged discussion between members of different religions instead of attempting to force religious conformity
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During the sixteenth century, what impact did the European presence in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea have on Asian dynasties?
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The European presence enhanced Asian rulers' wealth and might
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What was the economic philosophy called that assumed that the world's wealth was fixed and one country could only increase its wealth at the expense of another?
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Mercantilism
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What, according to mercantilist thinkers, was the purpose of colonies?
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To enrich the states that had founded him
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Which of the following was a consequence of the increasing wealth of European states?
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European states grew rich enough to wage almost unceasing wars against one another
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The English colonial model in the New World differed from that of other European states in that it:
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Dispossessed native peoples from their lands in order to accommodate a growing English settler population
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Which of the following was a long-term effect of the Atlantic trade on Africa?
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American food crops produced more calories per acre than traditional African staples, which partially offset the population loss of the slave trade
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What was an effect of early Ottoman rulers' decision to avoid trade with the outside world?
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The decision led to Ottoman rulers becoming dependent on loans of silver from wealthy merchants
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Which of the following strategies contributed to the early success of the Qing dynasty?
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They presented themselves as upholders of familial values and traditional Chinese culture
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How did Dutch merchants contribute to the development of European commerce?
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They established a stock exchange, a banking system, and a system for insuring cargoes
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Which of the following prevented English monarchs, such as Queen Elizabeth I, from establishing an absolutist regime?
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English monarchs were legally required to obtain the consent for Parliament in order to raise funds
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What was the global effect of the Seven Years' War?
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Great Britain emerged as the world's strongest colonial power, making it harder for indigenous people to pit European powers against one another
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Which of the following is a similarity between the ways that the rulers of Muslim and Chinese empires used the new wealth circulating in global trade?
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Chinese and Muslim rulers glorified their regimes through magnificent architecture and art
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How did Europe's cultural exchanges with the Americas and the Pacific compare with its exchanges with China and the Islamic world?
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Unlike cultures in China and the Islamic world, indigenous cultures in the Americas and the Pacific were undermined by contact with Europeans
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Why did Ming China escape the sectarian warfare that ravaged Europe?
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The Chinese believed it was the emperor, rather than any religious group, that held the mandate of heaven, so no sect was favored over the others
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In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, what led the Japanese to consider how to control and integrate foreign learning (especially from China and Europe)?
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Earlier, foreign ideas rarely traveled beyond coastal regions, but by the eighteenth century, expanded networks of exchange facilitated their spread throughout the country
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What were some of the broader consequences of the Enlightenment?
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The expansion of literacy and the spread of critical thinking
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What was the political rationale for monarchs such as Louis XIV and Charles II to support scientific academies?
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If the crown was seen to support scientific progress, the great minds of the academies would also be seen to support the crown
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Which of the following did Adam Smith see as a valid reason for creating an economy with less government regulation?
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He believed that free and fair competition provided the best opportunity to produce wealth
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Which of the following accurately describes a reason cited by the colonists for the North American War of Independence?
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King George III insisted that colonists help pay for Britain's war with France and for the benefits of being subjects of the British Empire
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Who constituted 'the people', according to political arrangements Americans made during the War of Independence?
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Propertied white men
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How did the idea that 'all men were created equal' affect revolutionary American society?
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It encouraged people to overturn social hierarchies and stop deferring to those who claimed higher rank
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Which of the following accurately characterizes both the American and French Revolutions?
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Both introduced republican forms of government
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Which of the following was a consequence of Napoleon's failed attempt to create a French continental empire?
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Europe was divided between those who wanted to restore the status quo and those who wanted to create a society based on individual rights and limited government
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Which of the following accurately describes the political revolution against the Spanish monarchy in early nineteenth century Latin America?
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It became a social struggle among Amerindians, slaves, mestizos, and whites
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What effect did the end of the Atlantic slave trade have in Africa?
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Slavery increased within Africa to provide labor for commercial crops such as palm oil and cloves
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Which of the following accurately describes global trade in the mid-nineteenth century?
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People increasingly worked to produce goods they could sell in the global market instead of producing subsistence crops
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How did the industrial revolution affect Europe's relationships with other parts of the world?
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Europe became more powerful economically by exporting more goods than it imported
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Which of the following explains why China did not become the epicenter of the industrial revolution?
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The Qing did not foster experimentation or create the links between thinks and investors
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Which of the following actions were undertaken by Muhammad Ali to attempt to create the most powerful state in the eastern Mediterranean?
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He deepened irrigation canals and constructed a series of dams across the Nile
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During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, how did India's traditional trade patters change?
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India became an importer of British goods such as cotton textiles, and an exporter of raw materials
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What was the primary goal of liberal European reformers, such as Lord Macaulay, concerning changes to India's educational and cultural systems?
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To create a class that was Indian in blood but English in taste and culture
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The impetus of Mohammad Ibn al-Wahhab's Islamic reform movement was a reaction to which of the following?
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Polytheistic beliefs that had taken root among some Muslims
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