question

Identify the primary reason that Renaissance culture spread throughout Europe by the late sixteenth century

answer

Economic prosperity and competition between political and religious leaders

question

Why was it necessary to continue to import large numbers of African slaves to replenish labor on sugar plantations?

answer

Most of the slaves were men, who suffered high mortality rates due to overwork and poor conditions

question

Which of the following was major consequence of the Renaissance?

answer

A network of independent, educated people who were not totally reliant on either the state or the church

question

Mining officials, in contrast to rulers in Portugal and Spain, viewed maritime expansion as

answer

A potential source of disorder and instability

question

The main goal of Zheng He's voyages was to

answer

Reestablish trade and collect tribute

question

Which of the following attributes made caravel useful in exploring African coasts?

answer

The caravel was sturdy enough to sail rough Atlantic seas, while its ability to tack using its triangular sails made it maneuverable in coastal estuaries

question

What was Portugal's primary goal in the Indian Ocean trade?

answer

To take over the trade or tax local merchants

question

Which of the following best explains why the Portuguese dominated the Indian Ocean sea lanes in the early sixteenth century?

answer

The Portuguese mounted small cannons on their vessels to bombard ports and rival ships

question

The establishment of colonies in the Americas in the sixteenth century provided Europeans with which of the following advantages in global trade?

answer

European products that were not esteemed in Afro-Eurasia could be sold in the Americans

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What circumstance permitted the English and Dutch to expand their trade in Asia and the Americas?

answer

They took advantage of Spain's bankruptcy caused by religious and dynastic wars

question

In what way was the rule of the Mughals under Akbar different from that of contemporary European monarchs?

answer

Akbar encouraged discussion between members of different religions instead of attempting to force religious conformity

question

During the sixteenth century, what impact did the European presence in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea have on Asian dynasties?

answer

The European presence enhanced Asian rulers' wealth and might

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What was the economic philosophy called that assumed that the world's wealth was fixed and one country could only increase its wealth at the expense of another?

answer

Mercantilism

question

What, according to mercantilist thinkers, was the purpose of colonies?

answer

To enrich the states that had founded him

question

Which of the following was a consequence of the increasing wealth of European states?

answer

European states grew rich enough to wage almost unceasing wars against one another

question

The English colonial model in the New World differed from that of other European states in that it:

answer

Dispossessed native peoples from their lands in order to accommodate a growing English settler population

question

Which of the following was a long-term effect of the Atlantic trade on Africa?

answer

American food crops produced more calories per acre than traditional African staples, which partially offset the population loss of the slave trade

question

What was an effect of early Ottoman rulers' decision to avoid trade with the outside world?

answer

The decision led to Ottoman rulers becoming dependent on loans of silver from wealthy merchants

question

Which of the following strategies contributed to the early success of the Qing dynasty?

answer

They presented themselves as upholders of familial values and traditional Chinese culture

question

How did Dutch merchants contribute to the development of European commerce?

answer

They established a stock exchange, a banking system, and a system for insuring cargoes

question

Which of the following prevented English monarchs, such as Queen Elizabeth I, from establishing an absolutist regime?

answer

English monarchs were legally required to obtain the consent for Parliament in order to raise funds

question

What was the global effect of the Seven Years' War?

answer

Great Britain emerged as the world's strongest colonial power, making it harder for indigenous people to pit European powers against one another

question

Which of the following is a similarity between the ways that the rulers of Muslim and Chinese empires used the new wealth circulating in global trade?

answer

Chinese and Muslim rulers glorified their regimes through magnificent architecture and art

question

How did Europe's cultural exchanges with the Americas and the Pacific compare with its exchanges with China and the Islamic world?

answer

Unlike cultures in China and the Islamic world, indigenous cultures in the Americas and the Pacific were undermined by contact with Europeans

question

Why did Ming China escape the sectarian warfare that ravaged Europe?

answer

The Chinese believed it was the emperor, rather than any religious group, that held the mandate of heaven, so no sect was favored over the others

question

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, what led the Japanese to consider how to control and integrate foreign learning (especially from China and Europe)?

answer

Earlier, foreign ideas rarely traveled beyond coastal regions, but by the eighteenth century, expanded networks of exchange facilitated their spread throughout the country

question

What were some of the broader consequences of the Enlightenment?

answer

The expansion of literacy and the spread of critical thinking

question

What was the political rationale for monarchs such as Louis XIV and Charles II to support scientific academies?

answer

If the crown was seen to support scientific progress, the great minds of the academies would also be seen to support the crown

question

Which of the following did Adam Smith see as a valid reason for creating an economy with less government regulation?

answer

He believed that free and fair competition provided the best opportunity to produce wealth

question

Which of the following accurately describes a reason cited by the colonists for the North American War of Independence?

answer

King George III insisted that colonists help pay for Britain's war with France and for the benefits of being subjects of the British Empire

question

Who constituted 'the people', according to political arrangements Americans made during the War of Independence?

answer

Propertied white men

question

How did the idea that 'all men were created equal' affect revolutionary American society?

answer

It encouraged people to overturn social hierarchies and stop deferring to those who claimed higher rank

question

Which of the following accurately characterizes both the American and French Revolutions?

answer

Both introduced republican forms of government

question

Which of the following was a consequence of Napoleon's failed attempt to create a French continental empire?

answer

Europe was divided between those who wanted to restore the status quo and those who wanted to create a society based on individual rights and limited government

question

Which of the following accurately describes the political revolution against the Spanish monarchy in early nineteenth century Latin America?

answer

It became a social struggle among Amerindians, slaves, mestizos, and whites

question

What effect did the end of the Atlantic slave trade have in Africa?

answer

Slavery increased within Africa to provide labor for commercial crops such as palm oil and cloves

question

Which of the following accurately describes global trade in the mid-nineteenth century?

answer

People increasingly worked to produce goods they could sell in the global market instead of producing subsistence crops

question

How did the industrial revolution affect Europe's relationships with other parts of the world?

answer

Europe became more powerful economically by exporting more goods than it imported

question

Which of the following explains why China did not become the epicenter of the industrial revolution?

answer

The Qing did not foster experimentation or create the links between thinks and investors

question

Which of the following actions were undertaken by Muhammad Ali to attempt to create the most powerful state in the eastern Mediterranean?

answer

He deepened irrigation canals and constructed a series of dams across the Nile

question

During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, how did India's traditional trade patters change?

answer

India became an importer of British goods such as cotton textiles, and an exporter of raw materials

question

What was the primary goal of liberal European reformers, such as Lord Macaulay, concerning changes to India's educational and cultural systems?

answer

To create a class that was Indian in blood but English in taste and culture

question

The impetus of Mohammad Ibn al-Wahhab's Islamic reform movement was a reaction to which of the following?

answer

Polytheistic beliefs that had taken root among some Muslims

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