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Daughters of Liberty

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Patriotic woman's organization that promoted conformity with the noncomsumption agreements by signing petitions not to consume British goods, spinning yarn, and engaging in other quiet expressions of patriotism.

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Sons of Liberty

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A group formed by Boston shopkeepers and craftsmen under the leadership of Samuel Adams to protest the Stamp Act.

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Thomas Hutchinson

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Loyalist royal governor of Massachusetts who presided during the years of deteriorating relations between the colonists and Britain.

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Townshend duties

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The Revenue Act of 1767, designed to establish new taxes by using the old form of a navigation act. It established new duties on tea, glass, lead, paper, and painters' color imported into the colonies.

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William Pitt

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British prime minister who came to power in 1757 and was willing to commit extensive British resources to fight France.

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Proclamation of 1763

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British policy statement that forbade colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains, prohibited private sales of Indian land, and restricted trade with Indians to traders licensed by colonial governors.

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First Continental Congress

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Meeting of delegates from every colony except Georgia that was held in Philadelphia in September 1774 in response to the Coercive Acts.

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Tea Act

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Attempt to use legislation to lower the price of British tea to help it compete with Dutch tea smuggled into the colonies.

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Stamp Act

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The 1765 act that imposed a tax on all paper used for official documents.

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Sugar Act

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Prime Minister Grenville's act that clamped down on smuggling and increased collection of customs duties in an attempt to fund the huge British War debt.

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Stamp Act Congress

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A meeting of delegates from nine colonial assemblies help in New York City in October 1765.

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Nonconsumption Agreements

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Resolutions passed by Boston and other towns in 1767 and 1768 calling for boycotts of all British-made goods, in response to the Revenue Act of 1767.

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Lexington and Concord

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The towns where the first battles of the American Revolution were fought.

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Coercive Acts

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Four laws passed by Parliament aimed at punishing Massachusetts for dumping tea into the Boston harbor as a protest of the Tea Act.

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Boston Massacre

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The event on March 5, 1770 that followed months of tension between British occupying forces and patriotic colonists, during which violence erupted when British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who had been taunting them, killing five.

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Treaty of Paris

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The 1763 agreement that ended the Seven Years' War.

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A

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What caused the Seven Years' War? A) Conflicts over territory in the Ohio Valley B) A dispute between Indians and the French C) French fur trapping along the Hudson River D) Conflicts between New England and New France

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D

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What did Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Hutchinson hope to accomplish with the Albany Plan of Union? A) Peace with New France B) Separation from Parliament C) The formation of a strong federal government D) The creation of an Indian policy

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C

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How did William Pitt turn the war in favor of the British? A) He held successful negotiations with the Iroquois. B) He captured the French fortress city of Quebec. C) He committed massive resources to the war. D) He adopted the tactics of guerrilla warfare.

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B

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Which territory did England receive in the Treaty of Paris? A) Cuba B) Canada C) Martinique D) New Orleans

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C

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What did the colonists learn from the Seven Years' War? A) British soldiers expertly engaged in frontier warfare. B) Britain's leaders welcomed their participation in political and military affairs. C) British military discipline was far more brutal than they had excpected. D) Great Britain saw increasingly little value in maintaining the American colonies.

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D

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What happened in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War? A) Crack's in the English-American alliance were mended. B) Colonists had a new respect for British military leaders. C) England's royal treasury was filled thanks to war booty. D) Indians lost their land and had to face colonists moving west.

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C

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Who was credited with leading a violent rebellion against the British in 1763? A) Minavavna B) Jeffrey Amherst C) Pontiac D) The Paxton Boys

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D

answer

What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763? A) To establish a permanent boundary line between Indians and colonists B) To protect the French fur trade from assaults by colonists or Indians C) To identify western lands as formally belonging to the Indians D) To prevent colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains

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B

answer

In an effort to generate income for England, in 1764 George Grenville initiated the A) Currency Act. B) Sugar Act. C) Molasses Act. D) Proclamation Act.

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D

answer

How did the Stamp Act differ from the Sugar Act? A) The Stamp Act was merely a revision of a previously existing tax. B) The Stamp Act was a tax that was to be pain mainly by merchants and shippers. C) The Stamp Act was enforced by British instead of American officials. D) The Stamp Act was an internal tax that affected a great number of colonists.

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C

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George Grenville claimed that Americans had "virtual representation" because A) the colonists were allowed to send delegates to the House of Commons. B) each American colony had its own colonial assembly for governance. C) the House of Commons represented all British subjects, wherever they were. D) the colonists were represented in the Continental Congress.

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B

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What did the Virginia Resolves argue? A) Colonists could not afford to pay more taxes. B) Virginia alone had the right to tax Virginians. C) Britain did not need more tax revenue. D) The monarchy alone could tax Virginians.

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A

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The first street demonstrations against the Stamp Act occurred in which colony? A) Massachusetts B) Rhode Island C) Pennsylvania D) Virginia

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D

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What did the protests of the Sons of Liberty prove to colonists? A) British authority would quell such riots in the future. B) Stamp distributors were more popular than they had realized. C) The British police force would ignore demonstrations. D) Demonstrations could have a decisive impact on politics.

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A

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How did Massachusetts protestors target Lietenant Governor Thomas Hutchinson? A) Protestors ransacked his house until only the exterior walls stood. B) Colonists attempted to assassinate him after he supported the Stamp Act. C) Gangs of seamen in Boston tarred and feathered Hutchinson. D) A congressional meeting in Philadelphia called for his resignation.

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D

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What was the significance of the Stamp Act Congress, held in New York in 1765? A) Representatives could not agree on a unified policy. B) It protested the enslavement of blacks in the South. C) Delegates threatened rebellion against Britain. D) It advanced the idea of intercolonial political action.

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C

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How did the British government respond to the colonial reaction to the Stamp Act? A) It affirmed the governing power of the colonists. B) It prepared for a long military conflict. C) It repealed the Stamp Act in March 1766. D) it initiated imperial restructuring.

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A

answer

How did the Declaratory Act show Britain's refusal to compromise on Parliament's power to tax? A) It asserted Parliament's right to legislate for the colonies. B) The Declaratory Act gave more power to the colonial governors. C) It initiated a new series of taxes on rarely used colonial goods. D) The Act gave colonists authority to legislate for themselves.

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B

answer

In 1767, Charles Townshend enacted the Revenue Act, which A) levied an internal tax against the colonists. B) placed new duties on imported items. C) was an innovative form of income tax. D) taxed building materials, such as brick and wood.

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B

answer

How did the colonists respond to the Townshend duties? A) Colonists argued they could not afford to pay the burdensome tax rate. B) Colonists resented that part of the revenue would pay royal governors' salaries. C) Colonists did not mind paying the external duties on trade goods. D) Colonists cheered the fact that is strengthened legislative government in America.

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A

answer

Townshend suspended the governance functions of which colonial assembly after it refused to enforce the Quartering Act? A) New York B) Massachusetts C) Virginia D) Pennsylvania

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B

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Whose protest letter caused Lord Hillsborough to call for the dissolution of the Massachusetts assembly? A) John Dickinson B) Samuel Adams C) Thomas Hutchinson D) Patrick Henry

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A

answer

The Daughters of Liberty suggested that women participate in public affairs and protest the Townshend duties by A) participating in nonconsumption. B) growing their own tea plants. C) joining men in street protests. D) marching on the governor's mansion.

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C

answer

What was the Boston Massacre? A) A riot that killed two hundred people B) A confrontation, which left a customs official dead C) A skirmish in which five people were killed D) A mutiny aboard British ships carrying tea

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D

answer

John Adams represented British captain Thomas Preston and his soldiers who were involved in the Boston Massacre A) to please loyalist members of his family. B) to prove that the colonists had the upper hand. C) to sabotage the trial by offering a poor defense for the soldiers. D) to show that local leaders supported British liberty and law.

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A

answer

Lord North removed all the Townsend duties except for the tax on A) tea. B) glass. C) lead. D) paper.

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C

answer

The Gaspée incident of 1772 caused many towns in Massachusetts and in other colonies to set up a communications network of standing committess known as A) "assemblies for protest." B) "committees of public safety." C) "committees of correspondence." D) "forums on change."

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C

answer

According to the British, the major purpose of the Tea Act of 1773 was to A) break the American boycott of tea imported from England. B) raise more revenue to cover military costs in North America. C) boost sales for Britain's East India Company. D) punish the Americans for importing tea from Holland.

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A

answer

The Coercive Acts, passed by Paliament to punish Massachusetts for the Destruction of the Tea, included A) a law closing Boston harbor until the tea was paid for. B) a new set of high internal and external tax laws. C) a law stipulating criminals would be tried in Canada. D) the end of spring elections of town selectmen.

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D

answer

The Quebec Act offended many Americans because A) it denied many political rights to Roman Catholics. B) it permitted criminal cases to be adjudicated without the use of juries. C) it gave French Canadians unrestricted entry into New England. D) it gave Roman Catholic Quebec control of the Ohio Valley.

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A

answer

Why did the Coercive Acts spread alarm among the colonists? A) They feared their liberties were insecure. B) Tea prices increased dramatically. C) They would no longer be able to import goods. D) Colonists knew a war for independence was coming.

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C

answer

Which colony failed to send a delegate to the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia? A) Rhode Island B) New Jersey C) Georgia D) Pennsylvania

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C

answer

How did the First Continetal Congress characterize America's relationship with Parliament? A) Parliament could make laws as it saw fit. B) The colonies were obligated to pay all taxed levied by Parliament. C) Parliament had the authority to regulate colonial trade. D) The American colonies were not subject to Parliamentary Laws.

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B

answer

What was the purpose of the Continental Association created at the First Continental Congress? A) To abolish individual colonial governments B) To enforce a staggered and limited boycott of trade C) To share plans for resisting British oppression D) To prepare for the possibility of war with England

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D

answer

Who fired the first show at Lexington? A) A British soldier B) An American militiaman C) A member of the Continental army D) An unknown person

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