History: Chapter 10 Medieval Europe Vocab – Flashcards
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feudalism
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political and social order that developed during the Middle Ages when royal governments were no longer able to defend their subjects; nobles offered protection and land in return for service
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vassal
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under feudalism, a man who served a lord in a military capacity
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knight
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under feudalism, a member of the heavily armored cavalry
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fief
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under feudalism, a grant of land made to a vassal; the vassal held political authority within his fief
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feudal contract
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under feudalism, the unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal
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chivalry
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in the Middle Ages, the idea of civilized behavior developed among the nobility; it was a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold
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carruca
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a heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare
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serf
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in medieval Europe, a peasant legally bound to the land who had to provide labor services, pay rents, and be subject to the lord's control
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patrician
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a wealthy, powerful landowner
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manor
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in medieval Europe, an agricultural estate that a lord ran and peasants worked
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bouregoisie
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in the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people
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common law
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a uniform system of law that developed in England based on court decisions and on customs and usage rather than on written law codes; replaced law codes that varied from place to place
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Magna Carta
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the "Great Charter" of rights, which King John was forced to sign by the English nobles at Runnymede in 1215
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Parliament
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in thirteenth-century England, the representative government that emerged; it was composed of two knights from every county, two people from every town, and all the nobles and bishops throughout England
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estate
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a social or political class
