history Ch. 20 – Flashcards
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Why did new industries in electronics and chemicals increase their productivity and output so significantly in the 1920s?
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they successfully applied Ford's moving assembly line technology.
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During the 1920s, American multinational corporations:
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extended their reach throughout the world
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Who became the world's leader in office supplies in the 1920s?
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International Business Machines
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During the 1920s, consumer goods:
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included vacuum cleaners and washing machines, which Americans paid for exclusively in cash.
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In the 1920s, movies, radios, and phonographs:
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helped create and spread a new celebrity culture.
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During the 1920s:
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an estimated 40 percent of the population remained in poverty.
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Agriculture in the 1920s:
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experienced declining incomes and increased bank foreclosures.
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Labor unions lost members in the 1920s for all except what reason?
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through collective bargaining, labor unions had secured a national eight-hour day
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In the 1920s, employers embraced the American Plan, which:
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advocated the "open shop"
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The Equal Rights Amendment:
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proposed to eliminate all legal distinctions based on sex.
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For the feminist woman in the 1920s, freedom meant:
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the right to choose her lifestyle
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The flapper:
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epitomized the change in standards of sexual behavior
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Which would not be considered a characteristic of a flapper?
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advocated temperance
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In their 1920s study, Middletown, Robert and Helen Lynd:
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argued that leisure and consumption had replaced political involvement
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Which statement about politics in the 1920s is false?
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women took an active role in national politics, mostly with the Republican Party
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During the 1920s:
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government policies reflected the pro-business ethos of the decade
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President Harding's call for a return to normalcy meant:
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a call for the regular order of things, without Progressive reform
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The administration of what president was plagued with scandals?
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Warren Harding
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The Teapot Dome scandal involved:
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the secretary of the interior, who received money in exchange for leasing government oil reserves to private companies.
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Calvin Coolidge had won national fame for:
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using state troops against striking Boston policemen in 1919
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Robert La Follette ran for president in 1924:
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as a Progressive Party candidate
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American foreign policy during the 1920s:
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reflected the close relationship between government and business
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What is an example of foreign policy designed to improve American business prospects?
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suppressing a nationalist revolt in Nicaragua
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"Banned in Boston" referred to:
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a book ban in the city, including books by Ernest Hemingway.
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The Hays Code:
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prohibited movies depicting nudity, long kisses, and adultery.
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In Schenck vs. U.S, the Supreme Court:
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ruled that bans on dangerous speech were unconstitutional
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Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis:
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crafted an intellectual defense of civil liberties during the 1920s
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All of the statements about Prohibition during the 1920s are true, except:
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religious fundamentalists opposed Prohibition on the grounds that it violated freedom
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The Scopes trial illustrated a divide between:
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modernism and fundamentalism
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During the Scopes trial, Clarence Darrow, the defense lawyer, questioned whom as a supposedly expert witness about the Bible?
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William Jennings Bryan
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The Scopes trial of 1925:
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pitted creationists against evolutionists
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Many forces predisposed Ku Klux Klan members to accept the group's exclusionary message without much analysis. These forces included all but:
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Coolidge's economic policies
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Regarding public education, in 1922, Oregon:
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banned private schools
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The Ku Klux Klan:
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flourished in the early 1920s, especially in the North and West
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All of the following statements about the 1924 Immigration Act are true except:
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the 1924 Immigration Act sought to ensure that more immigrants came from southern Europe than from northern Europe
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Why did the 1924 Immigration law not impose limits on migration from the Western Hemisphere?
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Large growers in California relied heavily on seasonal Mexican labor
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Which group was first identified with the term "illegal alien"?
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Southern and Eastern Europeans
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Besides the family, the institutions most supportive of separate ethnic identities for immigrants were:
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the Naturalization and Immigration Service
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Cultural pluralism:
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described a society that accepted ethnic diversity
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In response to immigration restrictions and the Klan, southern and eastern Europeans:
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reinvented themselves as ethnic Americans
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What are the National Catholic Welfare Council and the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith lobbying for in the 1920s?
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laws prohibiting discrimination against immigrants by employers, colleges, and government agencies.
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Meyer vs. Nebraska
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overturned a law that stated public schools would instruct classes in English only
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In 1923, the Meyer vs. Nebraska decision:
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was a startling reversal in the cause of Americanization
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Which city was considered the "capital" of black America in the 1920s?
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New York
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According to Andre Siegfried, what did Americans consider to be a "sacred acquisition"?
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a standard of living
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"Slumming" meant:
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whites going to Harlem's dancehalls, jazz clubs, and speakeasies
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The Harlem Renaissance:
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included writers and poets such as Langston Hughes and Claude McKay
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Which issue became the focus of the 1928 presidential race?
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the fact that Alfred Smith was catholic
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In 1928, Herbert Hoover:
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called for a repeal of prohibition
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the great depression was caused by all factors except:
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increased government regulation of banking and stock market
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a main cause of the great depression was:
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declining American purchasing power
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the great depression shaped the lives of Americans in all the following ways except:
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the American suicidal rate declined
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President Hoover responded to the onset of the depression by:
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reassuring Americans that "the tide had turned"
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the Hawley-Smoot Tariff:
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raised taxes on imported goods
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Hoover's response to the depression included all but:
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a tax increase
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the Reconstruction Finance Corporation:
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make loans to failing business
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