question

All of the following factors helped accelerate economic growth after the civil war EXCEPT

answer

The use of prison labor by railroad companies.

question

Interconnected transportation and communications networks were essential to the origins of the second industrial revolution in the US because

answer

They facilitated the emergence of a national and even inter nation markets for American goods and services.

question

The work of Cornelius Vanderbilt helps emphasize that

answer

Business consolidation put the control of railroads in few hands.

question

Who developed the first alternating current system?

answer

George Westinghouse

question

Why was the development of the alternating current electric system significant?

answer

It enabled electricity to be transmitted across long distances.

question

What was one main reason electric motors were significant to the industrialization of the late 19th century?

answer

They freed factories to locate wherever they wished and not just by waterfalls and coal deposits.

question

The Pennsylvania oil rush:

answer

Outweighed, in economic importance, the California gold rush of a decade before.

question

"Trusts" like Rockefeller's standard oil Trust were vulnerable because they:

answer

Were appealing targets for prosecution on the grounds of monopoly or restraint of trade.

question

During the Gilded Age, the rich were getting richer and:

answer

Many other people were at least better off

question

For industrial workers in Gilded Age America

answer

Working and living conditions remained precarious.

question

All of the following statements are reasons why child labor was problematic EXCEPT

answer

Child laborers took well-paying jobs from legal immigrants

question

The Molly Maguires

answer

Aimed to right the perceived wrongs against Irish Coal Workers

question

The Great Railroad strike of 1877 was provoked by

answer

Wage cuts that followed a depression

question

The great Railroad Strike of 1877

answer

Ended when workers, who lacked organized bargaining power, returned to work.

question

Why did Chinese refer to the Geary Act of 1892 as the "Dog Tag Law"?

answer

It required Chinese to carry their residential permit with them at all times or risk imprisonment and deportation.

question

The National Labor Union

answer

Was influential in getting congress to enact an eight hour workday for federal employees.

question

The Knights of Labor

answer

Called for men and women to have equal pay for equal work.

question

The greatest growth of the Knights of Labor took place

answer

In the mid-1880's, when the Union had several strikes against the railroads.

question

The Haymarket affair

answer

Was blamed on seven anarchist leaders despite a lack of evidence.

question

The American Federation of Labor

answer

Was primarily concerned with securing concrete economic gains.

question

Membership in the American Federation of Labor at First

answer

Grew slowly

question

How did the AFL differ from the Knights of Labor?

answer

The AFL was a federation of national organizations, each of which retained a large degree of its autonomy, while the Knights organization was more centralized.

question

The Homestead Strike

answer

Was waged against a Carneige Company

question

Violence erupted at the Homestead Works in 1892 when

answer

Henry Frick Tried to break a strike by bringing in Pinkertons

question

President Grover Cleveland's response to the Pullman Strike was to

answer

send federal troops to keep the trains running.

question

Mary "Mother Jones" Harris promoted all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Temperance

question

Daniel De Leon

answer

was the leading figure in the socialist labor party

question

Marxism, one strain of socialism, was imported to the US mainly by

answer

Germans

question

The state that gave the highest percentage vote to the socialist Presidential candidate in 1912 was

answer

Oklahoma

question

William D "Big Bill" Haywood

answer

Was the leader of the Industrial workers of the World

question

The major prophet of the New South gospel was

answer

Henry W. Grady

question

Proponents of creating a "New South" argued that confederacy lost the Civil War because

answer

It relied too much upon king cotton

question

Proponents go the New South believed that the South should

answer

industrialize

question

In the late 1880s, the South experienced major increases int he production in all the following areas EXCEPT

answer

Automobiles

question

The American Tobacco Company was

answer

Dominating the US tobacco industry by the 20th century

question

Why was Alabama named the "Pittsburgh of the South"?

answer

It was an iron center

question

Who was a prominent southern tobacco executive during the late 19th century?

answer

James Buchanan Buke

question

The postwar South suffered from an acute shortage of

answer

Capital

question

Fertilizers in the South

answer

Accelerated soil depletion by enabling multiple plantings each year

question

Perhaps the ultimate paradox of the Bourbons' rule was that their paragons of white supremacy tolerated

answer

A lingering black voice in politics.

question

Black migrants to the West were called "Exodusters" because

answer

They were often making their exodus from the South

question

The very poor generally did not migrate to the West because

answer

They generally could not afford the expense of transportation, land, and supplies.

question

All of the following groups were prominent in the West during the late 19th century EXCEPT

answer

Slaves

question

Buffalo soldiers were

answer

Black soldiers who served in the west

question

The comstock Lode refers to

answer

A mining discovery of gold and silver in Nevada

question

Why was hydraulic mining so damaging to the environment?

answer

It caused tons of dirt and debris to clog rivers, kill fish, and pollute downstream farmland

question

In the battle at the Little Bighorn River in 1976

answer

some 2,500 Indians annihilated a detachment of 210 soldiers

question

The indian tribe that defeated Custer and put up the greatest resistance to US domination was the

answer

Sioux

question

By the late 19th century, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Indians believed

answer

the time had come to stop fighting and put a stop to his peoples needless deaths

question

In 1877, President Rutherford Hayes addressed the American approach to dealing with the Native Americans saying

answer

"Indian wars' have had their origin in broken promises and acts of injustice on our part"

question

Which of the following statements about the cowboys' frontier is NOT true?

answer

Blacks were generally not permitted to be cowboys

question

The first great cowtown was

answer

Abilene, Kansas

question

"Cowtown" refers to

answer

towns that grew up in the West as a result of the expanding cattle industry

question

Why was the expansions of railroads significant to the growth of the cattle industry?

answer

As the railroads increased the ability to ship huge numbers of Western cattle, more Cowtowns were established in the West.

question

Much of the development of the Western plains has been shaped by its

answer

arid climate

question

This export crop spurred growth in agriculture int he West during the late 19th century

answer

Wheat

question

The fight for survival in the trans-Mississippi West made men and women

answer

More equal partners than their eastern counterparts

question

In much of the 19th century, women in Texas were legally prohibited from

answer

Serving on Juries

question

The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that

answer

The frontier shaped American's national character

question

The so-called "frontier thesis" is problematic because, among other things

answer

It exaggerated the homogenizing effect go the frontier environment and virtually ignored the role of women.

question

Which region of the US had the greatest proportion of Urban Dwellers?

answer

Far West

question

One of the reasons mass transit was significant to developing cities was because

answer

it allowed larger numbers of people to become commuters and live away from the central city

question

Tenement houses in NYC

answer

had higher mortality rates than among the general population

question

As a result of overcrowding, sanitation, and ventilation problems in tenements

answer

The mortality rate among the urban poor was much higher than the general population

question

All of the following contributed to epidemics, disease, and high mortality rates in the growing cities EXCEPT

answer

The banishment of criminals to outside city limits.

question

What do Cholera, typhoid, and yellow fever all have in common?

answer

They're all water related diseases

question

Why did the US government open Ellis Island?

answer

It was part of a federal effort to take charge of admitting immigrants to the country in light of the corruption that afflicted the city of NYs system

question

After 1890, most immigrants were

answer

from southern and easter Europe

question

The American Protective Association

answer

was a nativist group strongest in the Upper Mississippi Valley

question

Angel Island was

answer

The equivalent of Ellis Island located off shore from SanFrancisco

question

The exclusion of Chinese Immigrants

answer

originally called for a 10 year plan

question

Why was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 significant in American Immigration history?

answer

It was the first federal law to restrict immigration on the basis of race and class

question

Middle and upper-class urban families spent much of their leisure time

answer

together at home playing games or reading books

question

All of the following statements about newspapers in the 19th century are true EXCEPT

answer

They usually did not support either of the political parties

question

Vaudeville Shows were popular because

answer

they included something to please every taste, social class, and type.

question

Around 1900, saloons did all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Serve as a great place for immigrant men to meet women

question

Frederick Law Olmsted is most famous for designing

answer

Great urban parks in America

question

All of the following emerged as popular spectator sports with mass appeal in urban areas in the late 19th century EXCEPT

answer

shuffleboard

question

Facing severe restrictions in their free time, married working women often

answer

found fellowship with other women on the public streets while tending to other responsibilities

question

Young, urban women eager for recreating often encountered far more obstacles then men because

answer

parents and authorities tried to limit their access to "cheap amusements"

question

Baseball could lay claim to being the most democratic sport in the 19th century America because

answer

people of all social classes attended the games

question

All of the following statements about football are true EXCEPT

answer

It was invented by James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts

question

As America industrialized and immigration increased, access to secondary education in the US

answer

expanded dramatically

question

The spread of public education between the 1880s and 1900 reflected the desire to

answer

Americanize immigrant children

question

The Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890

answer

Established and funded land-grant colleges

question

The first women's college to teach by the same standards as the best of the men's colleges was

answer

Vassar

question

Women's access to higher education by the end of the century

answer

expanded significantly to the point that women made up 1/3 of all college students

question

William Graham Sumner

answer

Argued in his book Folkways that it was a mistake for the government to interfere with established customs

question

Though both embraced "pragmatism", William James and John Dewey differed in their approaches because

answer

Dewey threw himself into progressive social movements, while James did not.

question

John Dewey's "Instrumentalism"

answer

Said that ideas were instruments for action

question

When Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner labeled the post-Civil war era the "Gilded Age", they implied that it was characterized by

answer

Widespread Greed and corruption

question

One of the most important reasons that voter turnout was so high during the Gilded Age was that

answer

Due to patronage and corruption by political machines, a lost every governments job was subject to the results of the latest election results

question

The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act

answer

provided for appointment to a number of government jobs on the basis of competitive exams

question

Which of the following best describes Rutherford B. Hayes and civil service reform?

answer

Hayes did not get civil service legislation through congress, but he set up his own rules for merit appointments

question

As president, Chester Arthur proved to be

answer

Surprisingly competent and independent

question

The reason that Chester A. Arthur did not win a second term in 1884 is that

answer

Republican part leaders were not pleased with his first terms record and didn't nominate him to run for a second term.

question

During the campaign for the presidential election of 1884, many prominent Republican leaders and supporters left the party because

answer

Letters were discovered linking candidate James G. Blaine to the railroads

question

Mugwumps were centered in

answer

Large cities and major universities in the Northeast

question

Why did President Cleveland's support of tariff reform hurt his chances at reelection in 1888?

answer

It inspired business leaders who supported high tariffs to donate millions of dollars to the Republican campaign to defeat Cleveland.

question

To fend off Cleveland's efforts to reduce the Tariff, ____ gave the Republicans over $3 Million in the election of 1888.

answer

Business owners

question

With the Murchison letter, a California Republican used a lie to suggest a link between

answer

Cleveland and British free traders

question

Benjamin Harrison lost the popular vote in the 1888 election. How was he able to win the presidency?

answer

He earned a majority of the electoral votes.

question

Commodity prices during the Gilded Age declined in large part because

answer

overproduction and international competition in world markets.

question

The supreme court decision Munn V. Illinois was significant to understanding the power of government to regulate industry because

answer

It upheld the right of state and local governments to regulate industry essential to the public welfare.

question

The Independent National Party

answer

was more commonly known as the Greenback Party

question

What distinguished the Farmers Alliances from the Granger Movement?

answer

The grange was a national organization that tended to attract more prosperous farmers, while the Alliances were grass roots organizations filled with struggling farmers

question

What was the purpose of the "Subtreasury Plan"?

answer

It allowed farmers to secure low-interest government loans

question

Which of the following individuals was NOT one of the leaders in the Farmers Alliance movement?

answer

George H. Pendleton

question

All of the following were included in the 1892 Omaha platform of the peoples party EXCEPT

answer

Returning to the gold standard

question

In the presidential election of 1892, the Populist candidate

answer

won 22 electoral votes

question

Why did the Populists endorse an eight-hour workday and immigration restrictions as part of their 1892 platform?

answer

They were hoping to win support from urban factory workers to complement their agrarian base.

question

One of the causes of the 1893 depression was failure of

answer

The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad

question

In the depression of 1893, unemployment hovered around

answer

20%

question

In the 1896 campaign, William Jennings Bryan

answer

spoke and campaigned all over the country

question

In the presidential election of 1896, all of the following amy be applied to William Jennings Bryan EXCEPT that he

answer

Won after gaining the support of Theodore Roosevelt

question

One of the main reasons Mckinley defeated Bryan in the election of 1896 was that

answer

Bryan got little support from factory workers in the cities

question

In the case of Plessy V. Ferguson, the supreme court

answer

upheld a southern segregation law

question

Who was the first president of the National Association of colored women

answer

Marry Church Terrell

question

Booker T. Washington

answer

Offered an indirect endorsement of segregation

question

Economic prosperity was returning to the country by 1897 because of

answer

The inflationary impact of various gold discoveries around the world.

question

Frederick Law Olmsted is most famous for designing

answer

Great urban parks in America

question

Frederick Law Olmsted is most famous for designing

answer

Great urban parks in America

Flashcards and Answers – History CH. 18-21

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards