History and Systems Final Exam – Flashcards
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According to Locke, simple ideas become complex ideas through the process of _______________
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reflection
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The doctrine that all knowledge is a function of mental phenomena and is dependent on the perceiving or experiencing person is an illustration of ________________
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Berkeley's mentalism
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Descartes's term for the site of body-mind interaction was the ________________ because it is not duplicated in both brain hemispheres
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conarium
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Descartes's dualism was novel in its emphasis on the influence of the ___________ on the ___________
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body, mind
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Both the term and concept of positivism represent the thought of ________
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Comte
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Locke argued that ideas seem to us to be innate because ______________________________
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we don't recollect having learned them
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The doctrine that recognizes only natural phenomena or facts that are objectively observable is __________________
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positivism
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God as the permanent perceiver of all objects in the universe illustrates the position of _____________
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Berkeley
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Descartes theorized we are born with knowledge of the axioms of geometry. These axioms are _________ ideas
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innate
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John Stuart Mil's metaphor of mental chemistry came to be known as ________________
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creative synthesis
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The body will respond without any internal conscious intent to some external stimulus. This fact illustrates Descartes' principle of ___________________
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undulatio reflexa
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The doctrine that acts are determined by past events is _____________
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determinism
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Which philosopher believed that the only things that humans know with certainty are those objects that are perceived?
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Berkeley
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The term ______________ refers to the intellectual and cultural climate of the times
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Zeitgeist
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The doctrine that explains phenomena on one level in terms of phenomena on another level is _____________
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reductionism
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Which theory suggests that the times make the person?
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naturalistic
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For Locke the difference between a simple and complex idea is that a simple idea ____________________
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cannot be reduced
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The term ____________ refers to the techniques, principles and issues involved in historical research
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historiography
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Locke invoked the metaphor of the ________________ to illustrate Aristotle's wax slate upon which impressions are made
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tabula rasa
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Which theorist believed that people are similar to machines
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Descartes
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In contrast to the events studied in science, historical events cannot be ____________
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repeated
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The _______________ were a revolutionary invention because they brought precision, regularity and predictability to everyday life
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clocks
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Regardless of how objective a science claims to be, science will be influenced by the ________________
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contextual forces of the time
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_________________ was the first successful demonstration of artificial intelligence
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Babbage's calculating machine
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What invention was considered the perfect metaphor for the spirit of mechanism
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clock
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When a "fact" has not been determined by the methods of science (eye witness testimony), it does not met Comte's strictest application of ______________
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positivism
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A fundamental difference between Descartes's psychology and that of Locke was their position about the existence of ______________
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innate ideas
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________________'s contributions include: mechanistic conception of body, theory of reflex action, mind body interaction, localization of mental function in the brain
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Descartes
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Until the last quarter of the 19th century philosophers studied human nature using which of the following: speculation, intuition, generalizations, all of the above, none of the above
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all of the above
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The pursuit of knowledge through the observation of nature and the attribution of all knowledge to experience is ________________
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empiricism
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Freud's idea "einfall" was translated to English to _______________ which means something other than what Freud implied in the original
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free association
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The question of the distinction between mental and physical qualities refers to ______________
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the mind-body problem
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___________ are mechanized figures that could almost perfectly duplicate the movements of living things
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automata
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Which eminent historian called the process of replacing one paradigm with another a scientific revolution?
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Kuhn
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The theories of mechanism that invoke the movement of atoms to explain the universe were developed by ___________ and ______________
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Newton, Galileo
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The ____________ is most influential in the naturalistic theory of history
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Zeitgeist
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_______________ denied that people had free will
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James Mill
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T/F: Little difference between James Mill and son John Stuart Mill in their interpretations of human mental functioning
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false
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T/F: The aspect of technology that 17th century science adopted was precise measurement
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true
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T/F: The notion in modern psychology that knowledge depends on the experiencing person is esentially a restatement of Berkeley's position
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true
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Which of Titchener's basic elements of consciousness does not possess clearness
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affective states
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Wundt's theory of feelings was based on ______________
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introspection
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________________ is important for the history of psych because he successfully challenged Wundt's claim that higher mental processes, such as learning and memory could not be studied in the lab
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Ebbinghaus
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______________'s Act Psychology in contrast to Wundt's approach, claimed that psych should study the act or experience of consciousness and not the mental structure or elements of consciousness
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Brentano
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By 1896, Titchener had identified approximately how many elements of sensation
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44,500
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Titchener's definition of the appropriate subject matter of psychology is ____________
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conscious experience
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Wundt did not care about the ____________ aspects of introspective experiences
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qualitative
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Bessel began the study of _____________ in perception by noting that astronomers differed in their time estimates in measuring the transit of a star
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individual differences
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Fechner wrote satirical essays ridiculing medicine and science under the pen name
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Dr. Mises
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The representation of the nervous system as a complex switching system reveals the 19th century reliance on ___________
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mechanism
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___________'s work on ___________ was the first "venture into a truly psychological problem area" rather than on physiology.
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Ebbinghaus, learning
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Which of the following was NOT one of the research areas of Helmholtz: color vision, perception of combination and individual tones, resonance theory of hearing, speed of neural impulse, all of the choices his research areas
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all of the choices are his research areas
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According to Fechner, the effects of stimulus intensities are not ____________, but are __________ to the amount of sensation that already exists
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absolute, relative
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The influence of mechanism on Titchener is exemplified in his use of the chemistry term ____________ instead of observers
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reagents
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The ___________ psychology of Wundt examined evidence from examination of language, myths, customs, laws and morals
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cultural
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The psychological study of music was pioneered by __________
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Stumf
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For Wundt, the subject matter of psychology was ________________
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consciousness
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The scientific study of the relationship between mental and physical processes is known as ________________
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psychophysics
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Whose research would support the argument that there is no such thing as objective observation?
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Bessel
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Wundt argued that cognitive processes could not be studied by experimental methods because they were influenced by _____________ and aspects thereof
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language
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Which of the following was a topic to be explored by Titchener's psych: reduction of csc processes, determination of laws of association, id the physiological correlates of elements, all of the choices are correct
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all of the choices are correct
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Psychology was founded by __________
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Wundt
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Who developed both the two point threshold and the concept of the just noticeable difference
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Weber
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Kulpe opposed Wundt by claiming that conscious thought processes can be carried out without the presence of sensations or feelings. These thought processes are known as ________________
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imageless thought
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Titchener vigourously cautioned experimental psychologists about the ___________ about describing the observed object rather than the experience of it
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stimulus error
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When Ebbinghaus compared speed of memorizing, he found that __________ material is nine times harder to learn
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meaningless
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According to Wundt, there were 2 elementary forms of experience:
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sensations and feelings
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According to Wundt, the stimulation of a sense organ sufficiently to have the nerve impulse reach the brain defines a _________________
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sensation
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Ebbinghaus measured the rate of human learning by __________________
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counting the number of repetitions needed
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Wundt established psych as distinct from philosophy primarily in terms of its use of the ________________
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experimental method
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______________ was a pioneer in research on reflex behavior showing that reflexes could occur in the absence of brain involvement
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Hall
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Wundt did not consider feelings to have the quality of clearness because if we focus on them to determine clearness, the feeling or emotion ____________
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dissipates
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Wundt's doctrine of _________________ refers to the process of organizing mental elements into a whole
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apperception
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"Act like a chicken with its head cut off" is a description of behavior that has its roots in ___________'s research
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Hall
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Of the 56 doctoral degrees Titchener conferred,___________ given to women
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more than a third
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_____________ produced the theory of cranioscopy and eventually phrenology
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Gall
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Titchener argued that psychology is unique among the sciences because psychology is dependent on ___________
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experiencing persons
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Initially Wundt classified sensations according to which characteristics?
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intensity, duration, sense modality
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A century before Titchener's work the philosopher _______ wrote that the act of introspection itself altered the conscious experience being studied
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Kant
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A significant contribution of structuralism was its service as _____________
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a target for criticism
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_____________ was influenced by Fechner's rigid and systematic use of measurement in developing his own methods for researching higher level cognitive processes
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Ebbinghaus
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The point of sensitivity below which no sensation can be detected and above which sensation can be experienced is a definition of the ______________
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absolute threshold
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In his introspective experiments, Titchener wanted his subjects to be ____________ of the experiences registering on the conscious mind
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passive recorders
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Structuralism includes the work of ____________
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Titchener
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The smallest detectable difference between two stimuli is
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just noticeable difference
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Who discovered the direction of travel of nerve impulses in the brain and spinal cord
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Cajal
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In 1867, Wundt offered the first course ever given in
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physiological psychology
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Brentano's system of psychology was called _________ psychology
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act
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Muller's ____________________ means that nerves only give information characteristic of the sense associated with it
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doctrine of the specific energies of nerves
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Wundt's term ______________ reflects his emphasis on the power of the will to organize the contents of the mind
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voluntarism
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For James, the conditions of mental life are the influences of:
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the body
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Darwin's ideas of evolution were not new. What was new was the ______________
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hard data
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In John Dewey's ___________________ paper the major point he made was the behavior cannot be properly understood or analyzed into simple s-r response units. Behavior must be understood in terms of its result and the adaptive significance of the behavior to the organism
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reflex arc concept
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Dewey's position was that ____________ and _____________ cannot be meaningfully separated
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structure, function
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______________________ is the preeminent book of Darwin's theory of evolution, which details the evolution of humans from lower forms of life
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On the Origin of Species
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While today people might suffer from chronic fatigue syndrome, in James's day a very fashionable disorder to suffer from was ___________
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neurasthenia
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"An elaboration of the obvious" was James's description of _____________
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psychology
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The ____________ ask, "What's the mind made of?" whereas the ____________ demand, "What does it do?"
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structualists, functionalists
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The notion that there is a continuity of consciousness and cognitive processes between animals and humans was suggested and or demonstrated by ____________
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Darwin
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For James ____________ "is what keeps us all within the bounds of ordinance"
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habit
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Galton's measures of intellectual functioning assumed correlation between intelligence and _________________
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acuteness of the senses
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"That nasty little science" was James's label for __________
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psychology
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Who originated the idea of Social Darwinism?
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Spencer
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The term mental tests was coined by ___________, but __________ originated this concept
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Cattell, Galton
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In a public debate on evolution, ____________ refuted the points made against evolution by ____________
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Huxley, Wilberforce
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Hall's framework for human development was _________________
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evolutionary theory
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The protest of functional psychology against Wundt and Titchener: functional psychology claimed their approach was _____________ because they did not study the ______________ of mental processes
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too restrictive, practical value
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In his book, ___________________, Darwin explained human emotional gestures as remnants of adaptive movements by animals
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The expression of emotions in man and animals
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________________ is often called America's greatest philosopher
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James
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Our acceptance that the study of individual differences is appropriate subject matter for psychology is due to whose work?
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Galton
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The fear in the 60s that we would all be reduced to punch cards may not have happened without the work of:
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Hollerith
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The major antecedent of functionalism in the U.S. was the work of:
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James
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For James, what was most essential to human evolution?
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consciousness
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The early 20th century American government policy of sterilizing mentally retarded females is an example of ___________
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eugenics
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_______________ has been described as "difficult, untrustworthy, unscrupulous, devious, and aggressively self promoting"
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Hall
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To study mental imagery, Galton used which self-report method?
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questionnaire
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According to _________________ animals have no soul and thus are automata
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Descartes
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Woodworth's system of psychology concerned with causal factors and motivations in feelings and behavior was known as _________________
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dynamic psychology
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Functionalism was most loudly criticized by the __________________
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structuralists
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The basic tenet of ________________ is that the validity of an idea or conception must be tested by its practical consequences
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pragmaticism
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The notion that children's development reflects the history of the human race is the _________________________
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recapitulation theory
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The formula currently used for calculating the correlation coefficient was developed by _________________
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Pearson
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The idea that men show a wider range of variations in physical and mental development than women and that the abilities of women are more clustered around the average is a definition of the _________________
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variability hypothesis
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Synthetic as used in the name synthetic philosophy refers to _________________
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combining or synthesizing
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Which of the following are influenced by Galton's work: child development, heredity, statistical techniques, testing methods, all the above
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all the above
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Spencer developed __________________ which was an attempt to use evolutionary theory as a way to understand any process that undergoes change and development
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synthetic philosophy
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According to Darwin human emotional expressions reflect the _______________ of animal responses that may not be _____________ for humans
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inheritance, adaptive
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What works were most influential in the development of functionalism?
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Darwin, Galton comparative research
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Who established a "laboratory school" to study innovations in educational practices
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Dewey
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Who coined the phrase "survival of the fittest"?
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Spencer
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The "myth of male intellectual superiority" is derived from which of Darwin's ideas?
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variability hypothesis
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Thorndike's law of effect is similar to _____________
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Pavlov's law of reinforcement
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The team approach to the assessment and treatment of mental disorders was introduced by
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Witmer
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With regard to racial differences, the work of African American ___________ demonstrated the strong effects of environment
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Bond
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Cattell wrote that he found himself "making brilliant discoveries in science and philosophy" when _______________
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using drugs
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If a 10 year old can perform the same tasks as the average 15 year old then the child's __________ is 15 and ____________ is 150
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mental age, IQ score
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For Pavlov, _________________ is necessary for learning to take place
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reinforcement
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An early African American researcher in comparative psychology was ________________
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Turner
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Forensic psychology was established with the work of ________________
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Munsterberg
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For Loeb, if an animal's response is forced by a stimulus, the ____________ requires no ___________________
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behavior, inferences about consciousness
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Watson's dissertation was on ____________________
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the conscious experience of rats
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In Watson's final system, instincts ____________________
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do not exist
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Watson's position on the use of the term _______________ was to "eliminate it entirely from psychological research because it is not an objective method"
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consciousness
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The assessment and treatment of abnormal behavior in children was initially established in American psychology by _____________
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Witmer
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Pavlov's conditioned reflexes require ______________________ for learning to occur
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reinforcements and S-R connections
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Munsterberg was best known through his publications in the ________________ on applied psychology
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popular press
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According to Watson, the 3 fundamental emotions displayed by infants were:
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fear, rage, and love
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Scott argued that consumers ____________________
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are not rational beings
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For Comte, valid knowledge is that which is _________________
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objectively observable and social in nature
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Mary Cover Jones's study of Peter _______________________
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was a forerunner of behavior therapy
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One consequence of the adoption of the Stanford-Binet test in the U.S. is that public education has revolved around the ______________ ever since
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IQ construct
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Who wrote a paper on ant behavior that was highly praised by Watson?
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Turner
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Why did the FDA take Coca-Cola to court in 1911?
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caffeine
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The main reason Wundt's and Titchener's systems did not survive in the U.S. was that they ______________
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were not pragmatic
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The case of Clever Hans served to demonstrate the importance of ________________________________
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objective experimenta study of animal behavior with proper control conditions
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Watson proposed that society as a whole could be improved by replacing ________________ with _____________________
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religion-based ethics, experimental ethics
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Who revised the Binet intelligence test into what is known as the Stanford-Binet test?
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Terman
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Who argued for the sterilization of mental defectives and deliquents and cash incentives for the best and the brightest to marry and have children?
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Cattell
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_____________ used the Binet test at Ellis Island to restrict the entry of immigrants to the U.S.
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Goddard
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__________ tests were individually administered while the ____________ were for groups
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Binet's, army
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Thordike's ideas about stamping in or stamping out of a response tendency led to his ______________
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law of effect
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For Watson, such subject matter as mind, consciousness and images was ___________________________________
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meaningless for a science of psychology
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In the typical conditioning experiment done by Pavlov, the food placed in the dogs mouth is called the _____________________
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unconditioned stimulus
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Who first demonstrated that reward had a stronger effect than punishment?
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Thorndike
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The original law of effect states that any act that produces ____________ is likely to occur again, any act that produces ________________ is less likely to occur again
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satisfaction, discomfort
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An approach to learning termed _________________ was developed by Thorndike
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connectionism
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For Hull, drive reduction is _____________________
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the sole basis for reinforcement
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According to Skinner, the acquisition of complex behavior occurs by ___________________
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successive approximations
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Hull's concept of motivation is grounded in the doctrine of ______________
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drive reduction
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The third stage of behaviorism refers to __________________
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sociobehaviorism
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The Gestalt psychologists argued that reduction to the elements of experience: are products of reflection, are products of abstraction, are remote from immediate experience, do not and cannot explain a perception, all of the above
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all of the above
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Hull's primary research focus was grounded in: Estes's stimulus-sampling hypothesis, Pavlov's law of conditioning, respondent behaivor, Watson's behaviorism, none of the above
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none of the above
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The Gestalt protest against Wundt's system focused on his _____________
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elementism
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Skinner claimed that he studied _____________________, while Pavlov studied ______________________
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operant behavior, respondent behavior
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According to Lewin, _________________ corresponds to all the events that can influence a person's behavior
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life space
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The continued playing of a slot machine even when losing money demonstrates the powerful influence of:
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a variable schedule of reinforcement
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Tolman specified that the independent variable affect processes within the organism. These processes then control the occurrence of behavior (response). These internal processes are known as ___________________
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intervening variables
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A type of reinforcement identified by Bandura is _______________
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vicarious
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I am able to perceive the walls of the room as being the same color. This is an example of:
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perceptual constancy
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Rotter has suggested that locus of control is acquired ______________
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in childhood
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Psychologists attacked which aspect of Gestalt psychology: the lack of rigor in its definitions, preoccupation with theory, qualitative results and lack of statistical analysis, poorly defined physiological assumptions, all of the above
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all of the above
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The use of positive reinforcement to control the behavior of individuals and groups is called ___________________
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behavior modification
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Wertheimer defined ____________________as the organizing principles present in the stimuli
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peripheral factors
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Hull proposed the _________________ as the means to develop learning theory: From a set of theoretical postulates, deductions are made. These deductions become hypotheses that are tested experimentally. The experimental results are then used to confirm the postulates or change them
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hypothetico-deductive method
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Tolman's system combining the objective study of behavior with the consideration of goal-orientation in behavior is called __________________________
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purposive behaviorism
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Skinner was the complete opposite of Hull with regard to the ________________________
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need for theoretical framework
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The idea that a concept is the same as the corresponding set of procedures to measure it is called ________________
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operationism
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According to Gestalt psychology, problem solving is a matter of _________________________
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restructuring the perceptual field
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Parents and employers must determine when and under what conditions children will be rewarded and employees will be paid. They must select:
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schedules of reinforcement
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Kohler's study of apes on Tenerife showed the apes behavior was ______________ and ________________
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goal-directed, purposive
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A person who tends to blame other people or circumstances has an _______________
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external locus of control
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The central difference between Skinner and Thorndike/Hull is that Skinner's law is ________________ while Thorndike and Hull's positions are ______________
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strictly descriptive, explanatory
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The technique that Hull added to the then-accepted battery of experimental methods was _________________
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the hypothetico-deductiv method
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The Gestalt principles of organization are ___________________
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present in the stimuli themselves
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People who believe reinforcement depends on their own behavior have an __________________
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internal locus of control
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A _________________ is a quality of wholeness or completeness in perceptual experiences that does not vary even when the actual sensory elements change
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perceptual constancy
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A concept of Bandura that reflects one's beliefs about one's own adequacy and competence is _____________
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self-efficacy
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From the 1950s to the 1980s, American Psychology was shaped more by the work of ____________ than by the work of any other psychologist
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Skinner
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The notion that form is a property of objects is _________________
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Gestalt
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Research in Gestalt psychology has shown we are inclined to group the elements of a situation into ______________
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meaningful variables
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If seeing McDonald's golden arches decreases your hunger, then the arches are ____________________
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secondary reinforcement
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Skinner's former students demonstrated which of the following with the advent of the IQ Zoo? __________________ can be taken out of the lab and applied to the real world
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operant conditioning
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The term social learning was coined by _________________
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Rotter
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According to Tolman, unobserved and inferred factors within the organism that are the actual determinants of behavior are called ___________________
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intervening variables
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A schedule of reinforcement _____________________________
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determines when reinforcement occurs
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The illusion that 2 stationary flashing lights are moving from one place to another is ________________
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the Phi phenomenon
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Thorndike and Hull agreed that, in order for learning to occur, the organism must __________________________ occurring after a response
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experience reinforcement
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The law of acquisition states that the key variable in learning is _______________
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reinforcement
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If we define consciousness in terms of EEG output, then the construct of consciousness is ___________________
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acceptable to operationalists
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Bandura argues that what changes a person's behavior is ____________________________
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what the organism thinks the schedule of reinforcement is
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Gestalt psychology _________________ the study of consciousness but criticized the __________________. Behaviorism _______________ the existence of consciousness
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accepted, attempt to analyze it into elements, refused to acknowledge
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Gestalt psychologists believed that __________________________
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there is more to perception than meets the eye
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How did Wertheimer explain the phi phenomenon?
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he did not, he said it did not need explanation
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In Gestalt psychology, the spontaneous understanding of a phenomenon is called ______________
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Einsicht
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The thrust of Gestalt psychology's attack on behaviorism focused on the latter's ____________________
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reductionism
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Hull's experiments were directed by ____________________
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deduced theorems and corollaries
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Jung proposed a revised definition of libido ____________________
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as a generalized life force
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The primary method of the development of psychoanalytic theory was
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clinical observation
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For Jung, the Oedipus complex was ______________
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irrelevant
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The analogy that the mind is like an iceberg, with its bulk hidden from view, is first attributed to ______________
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Fechner
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A classical example of Freud's anal personality is ____________
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Scrooge
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In the case of Anna O., the recollections while under hypnosis involved _________________
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ideas or experiences she found disgusting
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Freud initially wanted _________ to take over the psychoanalytic school
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Jung
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Two schools of thought which are still active and evolving today are (and opposing each other):
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psychoanalysis and behaviorism
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Who was the first to argue that hysteria did not have a physical basis?
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Janet
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In Adler's system a motivating force on behavior based on actual or perceived defects are _______________
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feelings of inferiority
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What interefered with humanistic psychology's becoming part of the mainstream of psychological thought? its adherents were in ________________, not training _________________ and were less likely to engage in ______________________
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private practice, graduate students, systematic research and publication
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A topic addressed by psychoanalysis and essentially ignored by the other schools of psychology was ________________
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the unconscious
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Freud died as the result of _________________
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morphine overdose
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Play therapy, a standard technique of contemporary psychotherapy with children, was introduced by ___________
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Anna Freud
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For Maslow, the major motivating force is ________________
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self-actualization
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Anna contributed an important revision of psychoanalytic theory by describing and defining _______________
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defense mechanisms
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The term "hysteria" is derived from the medical term for: ______________
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the uterus
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The elements that make the 4 schools in psychoanalysis similar is their shared reliance on: ___________, ___________ and ______________
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unconscious, transference, repetition
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What happened to Anna O.?
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founder of social work
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The components of the Zeitgeist of the 1960s in the U.S. that were manifested in humanistic psychology was: rebellion against older order, focus on personal fulfillment, an emphasis on the present, none of the above, all of the above
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all of the above
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Freud used the word _________ to refer to any person, object, or activity that can satisfy an instinct
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object
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Object relations therapists emphasize the ______________ and ____________ influences on personality
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social, environmental
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Freud's interest in a scientific strategy to acquiring knowledge has been attributed to his reading of ____________
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Darwin
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_________________ is the process of forceful ejecting or excluding from consciousness any unacceptable ideas, memories or desires
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repression
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The ego psychologists emphasized the influence of ____________ while de-emphasizing the role of ______________
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social forces, biological forces
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Jung's personality types became the foundation of which personality test?
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Myers-Briggs
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By the 18th century, abnormal behavior was deemed to be _________________
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irrational behavior
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Anna Freud's pioneering work was on the treatment of ____________ with psychoanalysis and psychotherapy
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children
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By the 1930s and 1940s, psychoanalysis was wholeheartedly ___________ by the American public
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embraced
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According to Maslow, to become self-actualized one must first satisfy basic needs in the ________________
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hierarchy of needs
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What did Freud refer to as "the royal road"?
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dream analysis
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According to Freud in his first lecture at Clark University, psychoanalysis originated with _____________
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Breuer
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Roger's approach to therapy is _____________
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person-centered
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Jung described patterns of emotions and memories with common themes in the personal unconscious as ______________
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complexes
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Freud claimed that his discovery was a way to ________________ the unconscious mind
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scientifically study
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Charcot and Janet had practiced _______________ prior to Freud's work on the same idea
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hypnosis
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"A new movement requires something to revolt against"; Freud opposed the current trends in __________________
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the treatment of mental disorders
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Rogers called the unconditional love of a mother for her infant _____________________
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positive regard
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The humanistic theme that psychologists should study the best as well as the worst of human characteristics was reinstated with _________________
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positive psychology
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The Oedipal conflict occurs during the ___________ stage of development
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phallic
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Jung's theoretical system is known as ______________________
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analytical psychology
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Freud's infamous use of cocaine ______________________
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extended to middle age
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In Freud's system, personality development is built on the ________________
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psychosexual stages
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The beginning of psychoanalysis is considered to be indicated by the publication of __________________
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Studies on Hysteria
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Among the concepts Freud borrowed from Darwin was the significance of ___________
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dreams
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T/F: The theory of object relations was among Anna Freud's contributions to psychoanalysis
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false
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Roger's therapeutic posture of unconditional positive regard was useful with the _____________ but may be difficult to maintain with ________________
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healthy college students, seriously disturbed individuals
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T/F: Freud's primary method of analysis was free association
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true
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T/F: The effects of behaviorism and psychoanalysis on psychology have been profound
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true
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T/F: The first patient treated with psychoanalysis proved its effectiveness with her complete recovery
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false
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T/F: Freud called his theory of "unconscious determinism"
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false
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T/F: Like Freud, Jung, and Adler, Horney's beliefs about personality development are congruent with her personal experience
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true
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T/F: The early major work on the defense mechanisms was by Adler
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false
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T/F: Freud's use of cocaine was limited to research and some careless affairs while still a young man
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false
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T/F: For Jung, libido is a generalized energy rather than a sexual drive
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true
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T/F: The neo-Freudians have tended to focus more on the influence of psychosocial factors rather than sexual determinants of behavior
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true
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_____________ is the energy of separation
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aggression
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_______________ is impediment to free association
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resistance
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_________________ is the idea "it didn't happen"
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repression
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______________ is the conscience
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superego
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________________ is the energy of attachment
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libido
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________________ is the executive
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ego
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_________________ is "it happened but it doesn't matter to me"
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disavowal
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____________ is the biological instincts and drives
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id
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_________________ founded the structural model
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Freud
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__________ is associated with hypnosis and catharsis
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Breuer
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_______________ founded self psychology
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Kohut
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_____________ founded child analysis
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Anna Freud
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_______________ pioneered the idea of inferiority
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Adler
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__________________ founded person centered therapy
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Rogers
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__________________ founded object relations therapy
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Klein
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_______________ was an early feminist
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Horney
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_____________ founded the hierarchy of needs
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Maslow
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________________ founded the collective unconscious
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Jung
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Freud's description of a mentally healthy person was that they were able to __________ and ___________
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love, work
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