question

______________ is the belief that all things can be described in physical terms

answer

materialism

question

independent discoveries in different areas are attributed to which theory?

answer

naturalistic

question

For Descartes, the application of mathematical principles to sciences would produce __________________

answer

certainty of knowledge

question

While Hartley's fundamental law of association was ____________, he also proposed that _________ was necessary for associations to be formed

answer

continguity, repetition

question

According to Locke, simple ideas become complex ideas through the process of _______________

answer

reflection

question

The doctrine that all knowledge is a function of mental phenomena and is dependent on the perceiving or experiencing person is an illustration of ________________

answer

Berkeley's mentalism

question

Descartes's term for the site of body-mind interaction was the ________________ because it is not duplicated in both brain hemispheres

answer

conarium

question

Descartes's dualism was novel in its emphasis on the influence of the ___________ on the ___________

answer

body, mind

question

Both the term and concept of positivism represent the thought of ________

answer

Comte

question

Locke argued that ideas seem to us to be innate because ______________________________

answer

we don't recollect having learned them

question

The doctrine that recognizes only natural phenomena or facts that are objectively observable is __________________

answer

positivism

question

God as the permanent perceiver of all objects in the universe illustrates the position of _____________

answer

Berkeley

question

Descartes theorized we are born with knowledge of the axioms of geometry. These axioms are _________ ideas

answer

innate

question

John Stuart Mil's metaphor of mental chemistry came to be known as ________________

answer

creative synthesis

question

The body will respond without any internal conscious intent to some external stimulus. This fact illustrates Descartes' principle of ___________________

answer

undulatio reflexa

question

The doctrine that acts are determined by past events is _____________

answer

determinism

question

Which philosopher believed that the only things that humans know with certainty are those objects that are perceived?

answer

Berkeley

question

The term ______________ refers to the intellectual and cultural climate of the times

answer

Zeitgeist

question

The doctrine that explains phenomena on one level in terms of phenomena on another level is _____________

answer

reductionism

question

Which theory suggests that the times make the person?

answer

naturalistic

question

For Locke the difference between a simple and complex idea is that a simple idea ____________________

answer

cannot be reduced

question

The term ____________ refers to the techniques, principles and issues involved in historical research

answer

historiography

question

Locke invoked the metaphor of the ________________ to illustrate Aristotle's wax slate upon which impressions are made

answer

tabula rasa

question

Which theorist believed that people are similar to machines

answer

Descartes

question

In contrast to the events studied in science, historical events cannot be ____________

answer

repeated

question

The _______________ were a revolutionary invention because they brought precision, regularity and predictability to everyday life

answer

clocks

question

Regardless of how objective a science claims to be, science will be influenced by the ________________

answer

contextual forces of the time

question

_________________ was the first successful demonstration of artificial intelligence

answer

Babbage's calculating machine

question

What invention was considered the perfect metaphor for the spirit of mechanism

answer

clock

question

When a "fact" has not been determined by the methods of science (eye witness testimony), it does not met Comte's strictest application of ______________

answer

positivism

question

A fundamental difference between Descartes's psychology and that of Locke was their position about the existence of ______________

answer

innate ideas

question

________________'s contributions include: mechanistic conception of body, theory of reflex action, mind body interaction, localization of mental function in the brain

answer

Descartes

question

Until the last quarter of the 19th century philosophers studied human nature using which of the following: speculation, intuition, generalizations, all of the above, none of the above

answer

all of the above

question

The pursuit of knowledge through the observation of nature and the attribution of all knowledge to experience is ________________

answer

empiricism

question

Freud's idea "einfall" was translated to English to _______________ which means something other than what Freud implied in the original

answer

free association

question

The question of the distinction between mental and physical qualities refers to ______________

answer

the mind-body problem

question

___________ are mechanized figures that could almost perfectly duplicate the movements of living things

answer

automata

question

Which eminent historian called the process of replacing one paradigm with another a scientific revolution?

answer

Kuhn

question

The theories of mechanism that invoke the movement of atoms to explain the universe were developed by ___________ and ______________

answer

Newton, Galileo

question

The ____________ is most influential in the naturalistic theory of history

answer

Zeitgeist

question

_______________ denied that people had free will

answer

James Mill

question

T/F: Little difference between James Mill and son John Stuart Mill in their interpretations of human mental functioning

answer

false

question

T/F: The aspect of technology that 17th century science adopted was precise measurement

answer

true

question

T/F: The notion in modern psychology that knowledge depends on the experiencing person is esentially a restatement of Berkeley's position

answer

true

question

Which of Titchener's basic elements of consciousness does not possess clearness

answer

affective states

question

Wundt's theory of feelings was based on ______________

answer

introspection

question

________________ is important for the history of psych because he successfully challenged Wundt's claim that higher mental processes, such as learning and memory could not be studied in the lab

answer

Ebbinghaus

question

______________'s Act Psychology in contrast to Wundt's approach, claimed that psych should study the act or experience of consciousness and not the mental structure or elements of consciousness

answer

Brentano

question

By 1896, Titchener had identified approximately how many elements of sensation

answer

44,500

question

Titchener's definition of the appropriate subject matter of psychology is ____________

answer

conscious experience

question

Wundt did not care about the ____________ aspects of introspective experiences

answer

qualitative

question

Bessel began the study of _____________ in perception by noting that astronomers differed in their time estimates in measuring the transit of a star

answer

individual differences

question

Fechner wrote satirical essays ridiculing medicine and science under the pen name

answer

Dr. Mises

question

The representation of the nervous system as a complex switching system reveals the 19th century reliance on ___________

answer

mechanism

question

___________'s work on ___________ was the first "venture into a truly psychological problem area" rather than on physiology.

answer

Ebbinghaus, learning

question

Which of the following was NOT one of the research areas of Helmholtz: color vision, perception of combination and individual tones, resonance theory of hearing, speed of neural impulse, all of the choices his research areas

answer

all of the choices are his research areas

question

According to Fechner, the effects of stimulus intensities are not ____________, but are __________ to the amount of sensation that already exists

answer

absolute, relative

question

The influence of mechanism on Titchener is exemplified in his use of the chemistry term ____________ instead of observers

answer

reagents

question

The ___________ psychology of Wundt examined evidence from examination of language, myths, customs, laws and morals

answer

cultural

question

The psychological study of music was pioneered by __________

answer

Stumf

question

For Wundt, the subject matter of psychology was ________________

answer

consciousness

question

The scientific study of the relationship between mental and physical processes is known as ________________

answer

psychophysics

question

Whose research would support the argument that there is no such thing as objective observation?

answer

Bessel

question

Wundt argued that cognitive processes could not be studied by experimental methods because they were influenced by _____________ and aspects thereof

answer

language

question

Which of the following was a topic to be explored by Titchener's psych: reduction of csc processes, determination of laws of association, id the physiological correlates of elements, all of the choices are correct

answer

all of the choices are correct

question

Psychology was founded by __________

answer

Wundt

question

Who developed both the two point threshold and the concept of the just noticeable difference

answer

Weber

question

Kulpe opposed Wundt by claiming that conscious thought processes can be carried out without the presence of sensations or feelings. These thought processes are known as ________________

answer

imageless thought

question

Titchener vigourously cautioned experimental psychologists about the ___________ about describing the observed object rather than the experience of it

answer

stimulus error

question

When Ebbinghaus compared speed of memorizing, he found that __________ material is nine times harder to learn

answer

meaningless

question

According to Wundt, there were 2 elementary forms of experience:

answer

sensations and feelings

question

According to Wundt, the stimulation of a sense organ sufficiently to have the nerve impulse reach the brain defines a _________________

answer

sensation

question

Ebbinghaus measured the rate of human learning by __________________

answer

counting the number of repetitions needed

question

Wundt established psych as distinct from philosophy primarily in terms of its use of the ________________

answer

experimental method

question

______________ was a pioneer in research on reflex behavior showing that reflexes could occur in the absence of brain involvement

answer

Hall

question

Wundt did not consider feelings to have the quality of clearness because if we focus on them to determine clearness, the feeling or emotion ____________

answer

dissipates

question

Wundt's doctrine of _________________ refers to the process of organizing mental elements into a whole

answer

apperception

question

"Act like a chicken with its head cut off" is a description of behavior that has its roots in ___________'s research

answer

Hall

question

Of the 56 doctoral degrees Titchener conferred,___________ given to women

answer

more than a third

question

_____________ produced the theory of cranioscopy and eventually phrenology

answer

Gall

question

Titchener argued that psychology is unique among the sciences because psychology is dependent on ___________

answer

experiencing persons

question

Initially Wundt classified sensations according to which characteristics?

answer

intensity, duration, sense modality

question

A century before Titchener's work the philosopher _______ wrote that the act of introspection itself altered the conscious experience being studied

answer

Kant

question

A significant contribution of structuralism was its service as _____________

answer

a target for criticism

question

_____________ was influenced by Fechner's rigid and systematic use of measurement in developing his own methods for researching higher level cognitive processes

answer

Ebbinghaus

question

The point of sensitivity below which no sensation can be detected and above which sensation can be experienced is a definition of the ______________

answer

absolute threshold

question

In his introspective experiments, Titchener wanted his subjects to be ____________ of the experiences registering on the conscious mind

answer

passive recorders

question

Structuralism includes the work of ____________

answer

Titchener

question

The smallest detectable difference between two stimuli is

answer

just noticeable difference

question

Who discovered the direction of travel of nerve impulses in the brain and spinal cord

answer

Cajal

question

In 1867, Wundt offered the first course ever given in

answer

physiological psychology

question

Brentano's system of psychology was called _________ psychology

answer

act

question

Muller's ____________________ means that nerves only give information characteristic of the sense associated with it

answer

doctrine of the specific energies of nerves

question

Wundt's term ______________ reflects his emphasis on the power of the will to organize the contents of the mind

answer

voluntarism

question

For James, the conditions of mental life are the influences of:

answer

the body

question

Darwin's ideas of evolution were not new. What was new was the ______________

answer

hard data

question

In John Dewey's ___________________ paper the major point he made was the behavior cannot be properly understood or analyzed into simple s-r response units. Behavior must be understood in terms of its result and the adaptive significance of the behavior to the organism

answer

reflex arc concept

question

Dewey's position was that ____________ and _____________ cannot be meaningfully separated

answer

structure, function

question

______________________ is the preeminent book of Darwin's theory of evolution, which details the evolution of humans from lower forms of life

answer

On the Origin of Species

question

While today people might suffer from chronic fatigue syndrome, in James's day a very fashionable disorder to suffer from was ___________

answer

neurasthenia

question

"An elaboration of the obvious" was James's description of _____________

answer

psychology

question

The ____________ ask, "What's the mind made of?" whereas the ____________ demand, "What does it do?"

answer

structualists, functionalists

question

The notion that there is a continuity of consciousness and cognitive processes between animals and humans was suggested and or demonstrated by ____________

answer

Darwin

question

For James ____________ "is what keeps us all within the bounds of ordinance"

answer

habit

question

Galton's measures of intellectual functioning assumed correlation between intelligence and _________________

answer

acuteness of the senses

question

"That nasty little science" was James's label for __________

answer

psychology

question

Who originated the idea of Social Darwinism?

answer

Spencer

question

The term mental tests was coined by ___________, but __________ originated this concept

answer

Cattell, Galton

question

In a public debate on evolution, ____________ refuted the points made against evolution by ____________

answer

Huxley, Wilberforce

question

Hall's framework for human development was _________________

answer

evolutionary theory

question

The protest of functional psychology against Wundt and Titchener: functional psychology claimed their approach was _____________ because they did not study the ______________ of mental processes

answer

too restrictive, practical value

question

In his book, ___________________, Darwin explained human emotional gestures as remnants of adaptive movements by animals

answer

The expression of emotions in man and animals

question

________________ is often called America's greatest philosopher

answer

James

question

Our acceptance that the study of individual differences is appropriate subject matter for psychology is due to whose work?

answer

Galton

question

The fear in the 60s that we would all be reduced to punch cards may not have happened without the work of:

answer

Hollerith

question

The major antecedent of functionalism in the U.S. was the work of:

answer

James

question

For James, what was most essential to human evolution?

answer

consciousness

question

The early 20th century American government policy of sterilizing mentally retarded females is an example of ___________

answer

eugenics

question

_______________ has been described as "difficult, untrustworthy, unscrupulous, devious, and aggressively self promoting"

answer

Hall

question

To study mental imagery, Galton used which self-report method?

answer

questionnaire

question

According to _________________ animals have no soul and thus are automata

answer

Descartes

question

Woodworth's system of psychology concerned with causal factors and motivations in feelings and behavior was known as _________________

answer

dynamic psychology

question

Functionalism was most loudly criticized by the __________________

answer

structuralists

question

The basic tenet of ________________ is that the validity of an idea or conception must be tested by its practical consequences

answer

pragmaticism

question

The notion that children's development reflects the history of the human race is the _________________________

answer

recapitulation theory

question

The formula currently used for calculating the correlation coefficient was developed by _________________

answer

Pearson

question

The idea that men show a wider range of variations in physical and mental development than women and that the abilities of women are more clustered around the average is a definition of the _________________

answer

variability hypothesis

question

Synthetic as used in the name synthetic philosophy refers to _________________

answer

combining or synthesizing

question

Which of the following are influenced by Galton's work: child development, heredity, statistical techniques, testing methods, all the above

answer

all the above

question

Spencer developed __________________ which was an attempt to use evolutionary theory as a way to understand any process that undergoes change and development

answer

synthetic philosophy

question

According to Darwin human emotional expressions reflect the _______________ of animal responses that may not be _____________ for humans

answer

inheritance, adaptive

question

What works were most influential in the development of functionalism?

answer

Darwin, Galton comparative research

question

Who established a "laboratory school" to study innovations in educational practices

answer

Dewey

question

Who coined the phrase "survival of the fittest"?

answer

Spencer

question

The "myth of male intellectual superiority" is derived from which of Darwin's ideas?

answer

variability hypothesis

question

Thorndike's law of effect is similar to _____________

answer

Pavlov's law of reinforcement

question

The team approach to the assessment and treatment of mental disorders was introduced by

answer

Witmer

question

With regard to racial differences, the work of African American ___________ demonstrated the strong effects of environment

answer

Bond

question

Cattell wrote that he found himself "making brilliant discoveries in science and philosophy" when _______________

answer

using drugs

question

If a 10 year old can perform the same tasks as the average 15 year old then the child's __________ is 15 and ____________ is 150

answer

mental age, IQ score

question

For Pavlov, _________________ is necessary for learning to take place

answer

reinforcement

question

An early African American researcher in comparative psychology was ________________

answer

Turner

question

Forensic psychology was established with the work of ________________

answer

Munsterberg

question

For Loeb, if an animal's response is forced by a stimulus, the ____________ requires no ___________________

answer

behavior, inferences about consciousness

question

Watson's dissertation was on ____________________

answer

the conscious experience of rats

question

In Watson's final system, instincts ____________________

answer

do not exist

question

Watson's position on the use of the term _______________ was to "eliminate it entirely from psychological research because it is not an objective method"

answer

consciousness

question

The assessment and treatment of abnormal behavior in children was initially established in American psychology by _____________

answer

Witmer

question

Pavlov's conditioned reflexes require ______________________ for learning to occur

answer

reinforcements and S-R connections

question

Munsterberg was best known through his publications in the ________________ on applied psychology

answer

popular press

question

According to Watson, the 3 fundamental emotions displayed by infants were:

answer

fear, rage, and love

question

Scott argued that consumers ____________________

answer

are not rational beings

question

For Comte, valid knowledge is that which is _________________

answer

objectively observable and social in nature

question

Mary Cover Jones's study of Peter _______________________

answer

was a forerunner of behavior therapy

question

One consequence of the adoption of the Stanford-Binet test in the U.S. is that public education has revolved around the ______________ ever since

answer

IQ construct

question

Who wrote a paper on ant behavior that was highly praised by Watson?

answer

Turner

question

Why did the FDA take Coca-Cola to court in 1911?

answer

caffeine

question

The main reason Wundt's and Titchener's systems did not survive in the U.S. was that they ______________

answer

were not pragmatic

question

The case of Clever Hans served to demonstrate the importance of ________________________________

answer

objective experimenta study of animal behavior with proper control conditions

question

Watson proposed that society as a whole could be improved by replacing ________________ with _____________________

answer

religion-based ethics, experimental ethics

question

Who revised the Binet intelligence test into what is known as the Stanford-Binet test?

answer

Terman

question

Who argued for the sterilization of mental defectives and deliquents and cash incentives for the best and the brightest to marry and have children?

answer

Cattell

question

_____________ used the Binet test at Ellis Island to restrict the entry of immigrants to the U.S.

answer

Goddard

question

__________ tests were individually administered while the ____________ were for groups

answer

Binet's, army

question

Thordike's ideas about stamping in or stamping out of a response tendency led to his ______________

answer

law of effect

question

For Watson, such subject matter as mind, consciousness and images was ___________________________________

answer

meaningless for a science of psychology

question

In the typical conditioning experiment done by Pavlov, the food placed in the dogs mouth is called the _____________________

answer

unconditioned stimulus

question

Who first demonstrated that reward had a stronger effect than punishment?

answer

Thorndike

question

The original law of effect states that any act that produces ____________ is likely to occur again, any act that produces ________________ is less likely to occur again

answer

satisfaction, discomfort

question

An approach to learning termed _________________ was developed by Thorndike

answer

connectionism

question

For Hull, drive reduction is _____________________

answer

the sole basis for reinforcement

question

According to Skinner, the acquisition of complex behavior occurs by ___________________

answer

successive approximations

question

Hull's concept of motivation is grounded in the doctrine of ______________

answer

drive reduction

question

The third stage of behaviorism refers to __________________

answer

sociobehaviorism

question

The Gestalt psychologists argued that reduction to the elements of experience: are products of reflection, are products of abstraction, are remote from immediate experience, do not and cannot explain a perception, all of the above

answer

all of the above

question

Hull's primary research focus was grounded in: Estes's stimulus-sampling hypothesis, Pavlov's law of conditioning, respondent behaivor, Watson's behaviorism, none of the above

answer

none of the above

question

The Gestalt protest against Wundt's system focused on his _____________

answer

elementism

question

Skinner claimed that he studied _____________________, while Pavlov studied ______________________

answer

operant behavior, respondent behavior

question

According to Lewin, _________________ corresponds to all the events that can influence a person's behavior

answer

life space

question

The continued playing of a slot machine even when losing money demonstrates the powerful influence of:

answer

a variable schedule of reinforcement

question

Tolman specified that the independent variable affect processes within the organism. These processes then control the occurrence of behavior (response). These internal processes are known as ___________________

answer

intervening variables

question

A type of reinforcement identified by Bandura is _______________

answer

vicarious

question

I am able to perceive the walls of the room as being the same color. This is an example of:

answer

perceptual constancy

question

Rotter has suggested that locus of control is acquired ______________

answer

in childhood

question

Psychologists attacked which aspect of Gestalt psychology: the lack of rigor in its definitions, preoccupation with theory, qualitative results and lack of statistical analysis, poorly defined physiological assumptions, all of the above

answer

all of the above

question

The use of positive reinforcement to control the behavior of individuals and groups is called ___________________

answer

behavior modification

question

Wertheimer defined ____________________as the organizing principles present in the stimuli

answer

peripheral factors

question

Hull proposed the _________________ as the means to develop learning theory: From a set of theoretical postulates, deductions are made. These deductions become hypotheses that are tested experimentally. The experimental results are then used to confirm the postulates or change them

answer

hypothetico-deductive method

question

Tolman's system combining the objective study of behavior with the consideration of goal-orientation in behavior is called __________________________

answer

purposive behaviorism

question

Skinner was the complete opposite of Hull with regard to the ________________________

answer

need for theoretical framework

question

The idea that a concept is the same as the corresponding set of procedures to measure it is called ________________

answer

operationism

question

According to Gestalt psychology, problem solving is a matter of _________________________

answer

restructuring the perceptual field

question

Parents and employers must determine when and under what conditions children will be rewarded and employees will be paid. They must select:

answer

schedules of reinforcement

question

Kohler's study of apes on Tenerife showed the apes behavior was ______________ and ________________

answer

goal-directed, purposive

question

A person who tends to blame other people or circumstances has an _______________

answer

external locus of control

question

The central difference between Skinner and Thorndike/Hull is that Skinner's law is ________________ while Thorndike and Hull's positions are ______________

answer

strictly descriptive, explanatory

question

The technique that Hull added to the then-accepted battery of experimental methods was _________________

answer

the hypothetico-deductiv method

question

The Gestalt principles of organization are ___________________

answer

present in the stimuli themselves

question

People who believe reinforcement depends on their own behavior have an __________________

answer

internal locus of control

question

A _________________ is a quality of wholeness or completeness in perceptual experiences that does not vary even when the actual sensory elements change

answer

perceptual constancy

question

A concept of Bandura that reflects one's beliefs about one's own adequacy and competence is _____________

answer

self-efficacy

question

From the 1950s to the 1980s, American Psychology was shaped more by the work of ____________ than by the work of any other psychologist

answer

Skinner

question

The notion that form is a property of objects is _________________

answer

Gestalt

question

Research in Gestalt psychology has shown we are inclined to group the elements of a situation into ______________

answer

meaningful variables

question

If seeing McDonald's golden arches decreases your hunger, then the arches are ____________________

answer

secondary reinforcement

question

Skinner's former students demonstrated which of the following with the advent of the IQ Zoo? __________________ can be taken out of the lab and applied to the real world

answer

operant conditioning

question

The term social learning was coined by _________________

answer

Rotter

question

According to Tolman, unobserved and inferred factors within the organism that are the actual determinants of behavior are called ___________________

answer

intervening variables

question

A schedule of reinforcement _____________________________

answer

determines when reinforcement occurs

question

The illusion that 2 stationary flashing lights are moving from one place to another is ________________

answer

the Phi phenomenon

question

Thorndike and Hull agreed that, in order for learning to occur, the organism must __________________________ occurring after a response

answer

experience reinforcement

question

The law of acquisition states that the key variable in learning is _______________

answer

reinforcement

question

If we define consciousness in terms of EEG output, then the construct of consciousness is ___________________

answer

acceptable to operationalists

question

Bandura argues that what changes a person's behavior is ____________________________

answer

what the organism thinks the schedule of reinforcement is

question

Gestalt psychology _________________ the study of consciousness but criticized the __________________. Behaviorism _______________ the existence of consciousness

answer

accepted, attempt to analyze it into elements, refused to acknowledge

question

Gestalt psychologists believed that __________________________

answer

there is more to perception than meets the eye

question

How did Wertheimer explain the phi phenomenon?

answer

he did not, he said it did not need explanation

question

In Gestalt psychology, the spontaneous understanding of a phenomenon is called ______________

answer

Einsicht

question

The thrust of Gestalt psychology's attack on behaviorism focused on the latter's ____________________

answer

reductionism

question

Hull's experiments were directed by ____________________

answer

deduced theorems and corollaries

question

Jung proposed a revised definition of libido ____________________

answer

as a generalized life force

question

The primary method of the development of psychoanalytic theory was

answer

clinical observation

question

For Jung, the Oedipus complex was ______________

answer

irrelevant

question

The analogy that the mind is like an iceberg, with its bulk hidden from view, is first attributed to ______________

answer

Fechner

question

A classical example of Freud's anal personality is ____________

answer

Scrooge

question

In the case of Anna O., the recollections while under hypnosis involved _________________

answer

ideas or experiences she found disgusting

question

Freud initially wanted _________ to take over the psychoanalytic school

answer

Jung

question

Two schools of thought which are still active and evolving today are (and opposing each other):

answer

psychoanalysis and behaviorism

question

Who was the first to argue that hysteria did not have a physical basis?

answer

Janet

question

In Adler's system a motivating force on behavior based on actual or perceived defects are _______________

answer

feelings of inferiority

question

What interefered with humanistic psychology's becoming part of the mainstream of psychological thought? its adherents were in ________________, not training _________________ and were less likely to engage in ______________________

answer

private practice, graduate students, systematic research and publication

question

A topic addressed by psychoanalysis and essentially ignored by the other schools of psychology was ________________

answer

the unconscious

question

Freud died as the result of _________________

answer

morphine overdose

question

Play therapy, a standard technique of contemporary psychotherapy with children, was introduced by ___________

answer

Anna Freud

question

For Maslow, the major motivating force is ________________

answer

self-actualization

question

Anna contributed an important revision of psychoanalytic theory by describing and defining _______________

answer

defense mechanisms

question

The term "hysteria" is derived from the medical term for: ______________

answer

the uterus

question

The elements that make the 4 schools in psychoanalysis similar is their shared reliance on: ___________, ___________ and ______________

answer

unconscious, transference, repetition

question

What happened to Anna O.?

answer

founder of social work

question

The components of the Zeitgeist of the 1960s in the U.S. that were manifested in humanistic psychology was: rebellion against older order, focus on personal fulfillment, an emphasis on the present, none of the above, all of the above

answer

all of the above

question

Freud used the word _________ to refer to any person, object, or activity that can satisfy an instinct

answer

object

question

Object relations therapists emphasize the ______________ and ____________ influences on personality

answer

social, environmental

question

Freud's interest in a scientific strategy to acquiring knowledge has been attributed to his reading of ____________

answer

Darwin

question

_________________ is the process of forceful ejecting or excluding from consciousness any unacceptable ideas, memories or desires

answer

repression

question

The ego psychologists emphasized the influence of ____________ while de-emphasizing the role of ______________

answer

social forces, biological forces

question

Jung's personality types became the foundation of which personality test?

answer

Myers-Briggs

question

By the 18th century, abnormal behavior was deemed to be _________________

answer

irrational behavior

question

Anna Freud's pioneering work was on the treatment of ____________ with psychoanalysis and psychotherapy

answer

children

question

By the 1930s and 1940s, psychoanalysis was wholeheartedly ___________ by the American public

answer

embraced

question

According to Maslow, to become self-actualized one must first satisfy basic needs in the ________________

answer

hierarchy of needs

question

What did Freud refer to as "the royal road"?

answer

dream analysis

question

According to Freud in his first lecture at Clark University, psychoanalysis originated with _____________

answer

Breuer

question

Roger's approach to therapy is _____________

answer

person-centered

question

Jung described patterns of emotions and memories with common themes in the personal unconscious as ______________

answer

complexes

question

Freud claimed that his discovery was a way to ________________ the unconscious mind

answer

scientifically study

question

Charcot and Janet had practiced _______________ prior to Freud's work on the same idea

answer

hypnosis

question

"A new movement requires something to revolt against"; Freud opposed the current trends in __________________

answer

the treatment of mental disorders

question

Rogers called the unconditional love of a mother for her infant _____________________

answer

positive regard

question

The humanistic theme that psychologists should study the best as well as the worst of human characteristics was reinstated with _________________

answer

positive psychology

question

The Oedipal conflict occurs during the ___________ stage of development

answer

phallic

question

Jung's theoretical system is known as ______________________

answer

analytical psychology

question

Freud's infamous use of cocaine ______________________

answer

extended to middle age

question

In Freud's system, personality development is built on the ________________

answer

psychosexual stages

question

The beginning of psychoanalysis is considered to be indicated by the publication of __________________

answer

Studies on Hysteria

question

Among the concepts Freud borrowed from Darwin was the significance of ___________

answer

dreams

question

T/F: The theory of object relations was among Anna Freud's contributions to psychoanalysis

answer

false

question

Roger's therapeutic posture of unconditional positive regard was useful with the _____________ but may be difficult to maintain with ________________

answer

healthy college students, seriously disturbed individuals

question

T/F: Freud's primary method of analysis was free association

answer

true

question

T/F: The effects of behaviorism and psychoanalysis on psychology have been profound

answer

true

question

T/F: The first patient treated with psychoanalysis proved its effectiveness with her complete recovery

answer

false

question

T/F: Freud called his theory of "unconscious determinism"

answer

false

question

T/F: Like Freud, Jung, and Adler, Horney's beliefs about personality development are congruent with her personal experience

answer

true

question

T/F: The early major work on the defense mechanisms was by Adler

answer

false

question

T/F: Freud's use of cocaine was limited to research and some careless affairs while still a young man

answer

false

question

T/F: For Jung, libido is a generalized energy rather than a sexual drive

answer

true

question

T/F: The neo-Freudians have tended to focus more on the influence of psychosocial factors rather than sexual determinants of behavior

answer

true

question

_____________ is the energy of separation

answer

aggression

question

_______________ is impediment to free association

answer

resistance

question

_________________ is the idea "it didn't happen"

answer

repression

question

______________ is the conscience

answer

superego

question

________________ is the energy of attachment

answer

libido

question

________________ is the executive

answer

ego

question

_________________ is "it happened but it doesn't matter to me"

answer

disavowal

question

____________ is the biological instincts and drives

answer

id

question

_________________ founded the structural model

answer

Freud

question

__________ is associated with hypnosis and catharsis

answer

Breuer

question

_______________ founded self psychology

answer

Kohut

question

_____________ founded child analysis

answer

Anna Freud

question

_______________ pioneered the idea of inferiority

answer

Adler

question

__________________ founded person centered therapy

answer

Rogers

question

__________________ founded object relations therapy

answer

Klein

question

_______________ was an early feminist

answer

Horney

question

_____________ founded the hierarchy of needs

answer

Maslow

question

________________ founded the collective unconscious

answer

Jung

question

Freud's description of a mentally healthy person was that they were able to __________ and ___________

answer

love, work

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