history and systems exam 3 – Flashcards
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Mary Cover Jones's de-condtioning study of Peter ____.
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was a forerunner of behavior therapy
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Pfungst demonstrated that the apparent thinking ability of the horse Clever Hans was really due to the animal's ability to respond to ____.
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head movements
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Watson proposed that society as a whole could be improved by ____.
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replacing religion-based ethics with experimental ethics
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For Pavlov, ____ is necessary for learning to take place.
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reinforcement
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Watson argued that areas of applied psychology can be considered scientific because they ____.
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seek general laws for the prediction and control of behavior
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For Skinner, the dependent variable is the ____.
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rate of response
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For Watson, such subject matter as mind, consciousness, and images was ____.
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meaningless for a science of psychology
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One part of the cerebral cortex is essentially equal to another in its contribution to learning; this is ____ principle of ____.
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Lashley's; equipotentiality
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Which of the following statements best describes the change that took place in animal psychology following the work of Romanes and Morgan
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The field became more objective as mentalistic terms were dropped from the descriptions of behavior.
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Pavlov's work illustrated the study of higher mental processes in ____.
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physiological terms
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After his dismissal from Johns Hopkins, Watson ____.
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published for the American public through popular media
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Whereas a concern of Skinner was the improvement of society through his technology of behavior, Bandura's is more specific, namely the ____.
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alleviation of abnormal behavior
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From 1930 until the 1960s, the ____ was the primary research subject for the neobehaviorists and learning theorists.
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white rat
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Edward C. Tolman's system combining the objective study of behavior with the consideration of goal-orientation in behavior is called ____.
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purposive behaviorism
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For Pavlov, humans and animals were ____.
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machines
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For Watson, emotions are explained by the ____.
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internal physiological responses to a stimulus
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According to Tolman's learning theory, as a rat learns all of the sign-Gestalt relationships in a maze, the rat has acquired a(n) ____.
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cognitive map
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Hull's training in engineering was manifest in his belief that all behavior could be reduced to the language of ____.
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mathematics
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Watson's work has been involved with which of the following divisions of psychology?
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all of above
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According to Watson, the three fundamental emotions displayed by infants were ____.
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fear, rage, and love
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Watson's contribution to the method of objective testing was ____.
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to argue that the subjects' responses were under the stimulus control of the test items
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Which of the following was NOT one of Watson's methods
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All of the choices were acceptable to Watson.
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The efficiency of learning is a function of the total amount of brain tissue; this is ____ law of ____.
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lashley's; mass action
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If we define consciousness in terms of EEG output, then the construct of consciousness is ____.
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acceptable to operationists
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Thorndike and Hull agreed that, in order for learning to occur, the organism must ____.
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experience reinforcement occurring after a response
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The first doctoral dissertation in psychology to use animal subjects was that of ____.
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Thorndike
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After The Animal Mind, textbooks on comparative psychology focused on ____.
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learning
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The most important antecedent of Watson's behaviorism was ____.
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animal psychology
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Who first distinguished between respondent and operant behavior?
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skinner
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How many fundamental emotions were seen in infants, according to Watson?
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3
