The United States Through Industrialism – Flashcards
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John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson
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Presidential campaign of 1828
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John Quincy Adams
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The sixth president of the United States
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Andrew Jackson
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The popular hero of the Battle of New Orleans
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Mudslinging
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During a campaign when both sides would hurl reckless accusations at one another
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Old Hickory
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Nickname given to Andrew Jackson by his troops because of his tough, hard personality
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Well-born
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The people used to running the country- planters, merchants, bankers, lawyers
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Common Man
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Westerners- farmers, shopkeepers, small business owners. All were supporters of Jackson
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Self-made
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Achieving wealth or influence through one's own effort rather than being born to a privileged family
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Corrupt bargain
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The presidential election of 1824 when Jackson won the most popular votes and electoral votes, but not the majority of the electoral vote. Henry Clay convinced house members to vote for John Quincy Adams, who later won the election.
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Democratic party
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A new political organization created by Jackson's supporters to represent the ordinary farmers, workers, and poor
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Republican party
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The political organization that as taken control by the rich and well-born
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The Hunters of Kentucky
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The nation's first campaign song cheering for Jackson
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Jacksonian Democracy
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The idea that common people should control their government
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Kitchen Cabinet
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A group of Jackson's trusted friends and political supporters who would meet in the White House kitchen to give him advice instead of Jackson's cabinet.
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Civil servants
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Employees of the government
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Spoils system
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The practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs; Jackson replaced Republican officeholders with loyal Democrats
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Tariff
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A tax imposed by the government on goods imported from another country
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Secede
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To withdraw from an organization or alliance; in this case, South Carolina threatened to withdraw from the United States if the National government tried to enforce the tariff laws
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Nullification
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Action that South Carolina took against the tariff laws of 1828 and 1832 because they believed them to be unconstitutional since it only favored the North
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Force Bill
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Bill passed by Congress to allow Jackson to use the federal army to collect tariffs if needed
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Compromise bill
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Bill passed by Congress that lowered tariffs still further to satisfy the extreme states' rights supporters
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States' Rights Supporters
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The most extreme Southerners from South Carolina who were against the tariffs
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Nicholas Biddle
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The president of the national bank; he was the opposite of Jackson, wealthy, well-born, highly educated, and widely traveled
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John C. Calhoun
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Jackson's vice president who was against the tariff laws and called on southern states to declare the tariff illegal and not to be honored. He later resigned because of disagreements between him and Jackson, to join the supporters of state's rights in South Carolina. He proclaimed them the right to nullify the tariff laws.
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Henry Clay
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Ran for president against Jackson; he pushed a bill through Congress that renewed the Bank's charter four years early to make Jackson lose votes
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Pet Banks
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State banks run by Jackson's supporters; were given money and federal deposits from National bank
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Sharp Knife
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Nickname given to Jackson by Native Americans because he was a frontier settler and famous Indian fighter
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Tribes
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groups of Native Americans
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Sequoyah
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Cherokee Indian who developed alphabet for Cherokee language
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Five Civilized Tribes
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Name given to Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole because they adapted many white ways such as farming, reading, writing, etc. They hoped to live in peace but were driven out
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Indian Removal Act
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Law passed by Congress, urged on by Jackson, allowing president to make treaties in which Native Americans in the East traded their lands for new territory on the Great Plains. It did not say that Indians should be removed by force.
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Black Hawk
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Chief of Sac and Fox tribes who fought removal for two years; it ended with slaughter of most of the warriors, and he was taken captive
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Protest
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What the whites did over the treatment of Indians
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Creeks
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Tribe that refused to leave Alabama and were marched west in handcuffs
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Martin Van Buren
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Eighth president of United States
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Cherokee
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Tribe that was dragged from Georgia and herded west by federal troops on a long walk to Indian Territory
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Trail of Tears
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Name of the journey/long walk to Indian Territory; four thousand died
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Osceola
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Chief of the Seminoles of Florida who resisted removal for ten years and caused costly Indian war. Some were finally sent to Indian Territory while some found refuge
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Mississippi
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River that Jackson wanted to move Indians across
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Jackson's Indian Policy
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Policy for moving eastern Indians across the Mississippi by force to make room for whites
