question

The final blow to Native American tribal life on the Plains was:

answer

The extermination of the buffalo herds.

question

What was one of the results of the rapid increase in cultivated acreage during the latter half of the nineteenth century?

answer

Lower prices for farm products.

question

Why was the Grange originally founded in 1867?

answer

To provide social, cultural, and educational activities for farmers.

question

The origins of the western cattle industry lay in:

answer

Mexico

question

Approximately 50 percent of cowboys driving the great herds from Texas to city markets in the 1870s were:

answer

African Americans and Mexicans.

question

Considered by many as the defeated last stand of the Plains Indians, as the U.S. Army pushed them to reservations. Some consider it as a retaliation for Custer's death.

answer

Battle of Wounded Knee

question

A legislative attempt at forced "civilization" that worked at making the Indians farmers of their own plots of land, and their children "less Indian" by forcing them to learn white culture at Indian schools.

answer

Dawes Severalty Act

question

What was the primary cause of the increase of farmers in the West after the Civil War?

answer

The belief in economic opportunity by many Americans.

question

What was significant about the Big Bonanza?

answer

It was the richest discovery in the history of mining.

question

While it truly was the Age of Invention, the MOST significant technical innovation of the 19th century was:

answer

Railroads

question

After making his massive fortune in the steel business by investing in technology and vertical integration, this individual began to focus his efforts on philanthropy. He particularly is noted for supporting the building of public libraries across the country.

answer

Andrew Carnegie

question

This man would be associated with the development of "horizontal integration," by putting his competitors out of business. At one time his companies refined 9 out of 10 barrels of oil refined in this country. (He is reportedly the model for the mustached-man on the game of Monopoly!)

answer

John D. Rockefeller

question

What was one result of the proliferation of patents during this Age of Invention in America in the late 1800s?

answer

Americans no longer imported most of their technology.

question

What was the significance of Thomas Edison's laboratory at Menlo Park?

answer

It was the first modern research laboratory ever built.

question

A union of all "producers of labor"—both skilled, and unskilled—to improve all conditions for workers, including wages:

answer

Knights of Labor

question

What was a significant consequence of the rapid urban growth of the late 1800s?

answer

Powerful city political machines that controlled elections and much local government,

question

This event in 1877 started small but spread rapidly, becoming violent with fights between government militia. By the end, 100 people had been killed, millions of dollars in damages had been caused in the clashes, and it had a significant impact on the economy.

answer

Great Railway Strike

question

The violence from this event weakened public support of labor and the national labor movement:

answer

Haymarket Square

question

Most Americans in the 1880s:

answer

Were church-attending Protestants

question

A major difference between northern and southern public schools of the time you have just studied was:

answer

Few Southern states had compulsory school attendance laws.

question

After the Democrats regained the White House in 1884, Republicans looked for reasons for their loss in power. One obvious example was the growth in power in the South of the violent organization known as the _______ which scared Republican voters, including most freedmen, from voting.

answer

Klu Klux Klan

question

Southern states had also passed _____laws or "black codes" which made it impossible for many African-Americans to vote.

answer

Jim Crow

question

What did the popularity of sports in the U.S. indicate from the 1870s through the 1920s?

answer

The increased amount of leisure time many had

question

Rapid rail construction after the Civil War was possible because:

answer

Federal and state governments provided important incentives

question

What is the significance of the adoption of a standard gauge system for all railroads?

answer

It allowed trains to travel on all tracks, thus integrating the entire system.

question

The development of a national railway system:

answer

Was not completed until the early twentieth century.

question

By 1894, American railroads:

answer

Suffered from competition and overexpansion.

question

This corporation became the first billion-dollar company in the United States.

answer

U.S. Steel

question

What effect did the American government have on industrial growth from the 1870s to the early 1900s?

answer

It provided incentives for growth.

question

What does it mean to say that Americans spoke a "common language of consumption" by the late nineteenth century?

answer

Americans found a commonality in a consumer culture, in which they all could buy the same kinds of goods.

question

Which of the following lists industrial developments in proper chronological order? The formation of U.S. Steel Corporation, formation of the first trust, completion of the first transcontinental railroad The formation of the first trust, completion of the first transcontinental railroad, formation of U.S. Steel Corporation The formation of the first trust, formation of U.S. Steel Corporation, completion of the first transcontinental railroad The completion of the first transcontinental railroad, formation of the first trust, formation of U.S. Steel Corporation The formation of U.S. Steel Corporation, completion of the first transcontinental railroad, the formation of the first trust

answer

The completion of the first transcontinental railroad, formation of the first trust, formation of U.S. Steel Corporation

question

What was the immediate consequence of the formation of the Standard Oil Trust?

answer

Other industries followed its lead and trusts became common in America.

question

The president who entered the White House after the heavily disputed election of 1876 in what historians call "The Compromise of 1877" was:

answer

Rutherford B. Hayes

question

In the South, a grandfather clause waived the literacy requirement for voters whose ancestor had:

answer

voted before 1867.

question

The Pendleton Act

answer

provided a merit system for national government jobs.

question

Those who supported the free coinage of silver:

answer

Were convinced it would help the agrarian sectors.

question

Which was NOT a demand of the Populist Party?

answer

Maintenance of the gold standard

question

The president of the United States during the depression of 1893 was:

answer

Grover Cleveland.

question

The two major presidential candidates of the 1896 election were:

answer

William Jennings Bryan and William McKinley.

question

The major issue of the election of 1896 was:

answer

Currency.

question

The most famous political machine of the late nineteenth century was:

answer

Tammany Hall.

question

A major change in the college curriculum of the late nineteenth century was to:

answer

Stress the practical application of education.

question

Jane Addams was the founder of:

answer

Hull House in Chicago

question

Why did many whites support Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Compromise?

answer

Because it called for blacks to gain rights slowly through self-improvement and not through activism

question

Why did W.E.B. DuBois attack the Atlanta Compromise?

answer

He believed that blacks should actively fight for civil rights.

question

Why did William Seward encourage the United States to buy Alaska?

answer

He hoped the United States would annex Canada.

question

According to the theories of Alfred Thayer Mahan,

answer

a strong navy was an integral part of America's wealth and power.

question

What was one result of yellow journalism stories about Cuba in the 1890s?

answer

Americans became enraged about Spain's treatment of Cubans and the sinking of the U.S. Navy ship, the Maine.

question

The actions of Commodore Dewey in the Philippines:

answer

Provided the United States with an unexpected prize of war.

question

Why was American expansion of the 1890s different from earlier expansionist moves?

answer

It would create economic and military colonies overseas.

question

What did the Kellogg-Briand Pact involve?

answer

An international treaty outlawing war

question

Which two factors explained American isolationism in the 1930s?

answer

The Great Depression and an understanding of the costs of war

question

The weakness of the League of Nations was revealed when Italy invaded:

answer

Ethiopia

question

What did the first neutrality act, passed in 1935, prohibit?

answer

Selling arms to nations at war

question

Hitler started World War II by invading ________ on September 1, 1939.

answer

Poland

question

The countries that comprised the Axis Powers in World War II were:

answer

Germany, Italy, and Japan.

question

What event brought the United States into World War II?

answer

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

question

During World War II, the closest ally of the United States was:

answer

Britain

question

United States troops first went into combat against German troops in:

answer

Africa

question

How many times was Franklin D. Roosevelt elected president?

answer

four times

question

The Nazi Holocaust involved the slaughter of ________ people.

answer

6,000,000

question

What was the Manhattan Project?

answer

A top-secret program that developed the atom bomb

question

The United States dropped its first atom bomb on _______, killing 60,000 people.

answer

Hiroshima

question

President Truman's primary motive for using nuclear weapons against Japan was to:

answer

End the war as quickly as possible.

question

George Kennan's "containment" policy proposed:

answer

Efforts to stop the expansion of Russian control and communism.

question

What does the term "Iron Curtain" refer to?

answer

The separation between Soviet-dominated Europe and Western Europe.

question

The Truman Doctrine stated that American policy would be to:

answer

Support free peoples who were resisting the Soviet Union or its surrogates.

question

Why did the United States implement the Marshall Plan?

answer

To improve the Western European economy and stop the spread of communism

question

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):

answer

Assured European countries that the United States would help defend them.

question

The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council include the following:

answer

Great Britain, France, Russia, China and the U.S.

question

What was the Berlin airlift?

answer

A military operation to bring supplies to troops and civilians in Soviet-controlled Berlin

question

How did U.S. intervention in China differ from its intervention in Korea?

answer

The U.S. extracted itself from the conflict when civil war broke out in China but sent troops to South Korea's aid.

question

What erroneous advice did General MacArthur give President Truman during the Korean War?

answer

MacArthur advised Truman to authorize an invasion of North Korea because he thought that China would not attack U.S. troops.

question

Joseph McCarthy led the crusade against alleged __________ in American government during the 1950s.

answer

Communists

question

What was Eisenhower's major campaign pledge?

answer

To end the Korean War

question

What was one effect of McCarthyism?

answer

A political and cultural conformity that discouraged dissent

question

What effect did postwar life have on women in American society?

answer

Many women who had joined the workforce during the war returned to the home to assume the more traditional roles of wife and mother.

question

The term "baby boom" refers to a significant increase in:

answer

The American birth rate.

question

Which was critical to life in the suburbs?

answer

The automobile

question

The first president to attempt seriously to alter the historic pattern of racial discrimination in the United States was:

answer

Harry Truman.

question

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court ruled that school segregation:

answer

Violated the 14th Amendment by creating feelings of inferiority and inequality.

question

Why did the government increase federal funding for science education in 1957?

answer

It was responding to the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik.

question

By 1960, what percentage of black children in the Deep South were attending schools with whites?

answer

Less than 1%

question

Who were the Little Rock Nine?

answer

Black students at a recently desegregated high school in Little Rock, Arkansas

question

Martin Luther King, Jr. founded the ____________ to obtain civil rights for African Americans.

answer

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

question

What organization was formed in 1960 as a result of "sit-in" demonstrations?

answer

the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

question

By 1960, the most racially integrated institution in American society was:

answer

The armed forces.

question

What was one major factor that helped Kennedy defeat Nixon in the 1960 presidential election?

answer

Kennedy's performance in the first televised presidential debate.

question

What did President Kennedy do to help South Vietnam in 1961?

answer

He sent money and advisers.

question

Kennedy's failed 1961 covert operation to overthrow Cuba's Fidel Castro is called:

answer

the Bay of Pigs

question

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation that came very close to being a nuclear conflict between which two countries?

answer

the United States and Russia

question

John F. Kennedy played down civil rights legislation because he:

answer

Feared the possibility of alienating southern Democrats.

question

What was one of Lyndon Johnson's greatest assets in the White House?

answer

His ability to persuade Congress

question

Lyndon Johnson's main theme in the presidential election of 1964 was:

answer

Ending poverty in America.

question

When President Johnson managed to get Congress to pass Kennedy's proposed tax cut in 1964, the result was:

answer

A sustained economic boom.

question

Lyndon Johnson's reform program was called the:

answer

Great Society.

question

In his healthcare program, President Lyndon Johnson secured:

answer

the Medicare program for the elderly.

question

The foreign policy of Lyndon Johnson:

answer

Was, in many respects, simply a continuation of Kennedy's policies

question

What was the Watergate Scandal?

answer

President Nixon's attempts to hide his involvement in a break-in at the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee

question

Who was the first woman to be appointed to the United States Supreme Court?

answer

Sandra Day O'Connor

question

How did the new methods of production affect workers in the first years o the twentieth century?

answer

The new methods were largescale and mechanized, which made workers almost part of the machinery, endangered and bored.

question

This disaster forced state and national attention on working conditions in factories and stores.

answer

Triangle Shirtwaist fire

question

In the great coal strike of 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt:

answer

Essentially decided to support the coal miners

question

Immigrants to the United States in the early 1900's:

answer

Encountered considerable hostility from American nativists.

question

The Supreme Court's decision in the Northern Securities case:

answer

Paved the way for several other antitrust actions.

question

Upton Sinclair's novel, "The Jungle", led to the passage of the:

answer

Meat Inspection Act

question

In mediating the conflict between Russia and Japan, Roosevelt:

answer

Reconized the increasing importance of Japan.

question

In terms of foreign policy, Theodore Roosevelt:

answer

Sought to prepare the country for its role as a world power.

question

The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty:

answer

Gave the United States control of the Panama Canal Zone.

question

Why were business men, such as J.P. Morgan, glad to see Roosevelt leave the United States after his White House years?

answer

They were tired of his meddling in big business.

question

Taft's policy of "Dollar diplomacy":

answer

Promoted American financial and business interests abroad.

question

The Sixteenth amendment:

answer

Authorized an income tax.

question

Woodrow Wilson won the election of 1912 because:

answer

Of the split in the Republican Party.

question

The most important domestic law of Wilson's administration was the:

answer

Federal Reserve Act

question

In his approach to foreign affairs, Wilson could be described as:

answer

a Moralist

question

Woodrow Wilson's decision to invade Mexico in 1916 followed the murder of several Americans by:

answer

Pancho Villa

question

President Wilson's first reaction when war broke out in Europe in 1914 was to:

answer

Declare United States Neutrality

question

The German sinking of the ________ in 1915 cost 128 American lives and enraged the American public:

answer

Lusitania

question

In 1915, Wilson supported preparedness because of:

answer

The growing German U-boat crisis

question

How did U.S. neutrality in WW1 finally come to an end?

answer

Germany proposed an alliance with Mexico and sank five American ships in ten days.

question

The leader of the American Expeditionary Force was:

answer

John J. Pershing

question

A major effect of the labor shortage caused by the war was:

answer

A great migration of southern African Americans to northern cities.

question

The American contribution in WW1:

answer

although relatively small was vital to Allied success.

question

One of Wilson's major goals at the Paris Peace Conference was to:

answer

Found a League of Nations to enforce peace.

question

Wilson hurt his chances to get the Treaty of Versailles ratified:

answer

because he was unwilling to compromise with opponents.

question

What were the test of Wilson's "moral diplomacy"?

answer

The conflicts of Mexico and WW1 demonstrated that U.S. morality wouldn't keep militarism under control.

question

How did the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917 change the course of the war?

answer

Russia dropped out of the war, so Germany could concentrate on fighting in the west.

question

The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution provided for:

answer

Woman's suffrage

question

The revolution in consumer goods:

answer

Disguised the decline of many traditional industries.

question

The Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution provided for:

answer

Prohibition

question

The weakest area of the American economy in the 1920's was:

answer

Agriculture

question

The _______ symbolized the flowering of African American culture in the 1920's.

answer

Harlem Renaissance

question

During Pres. Coolidge's administration, Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon pushed for:

answer

Lower personal taxes for the rich.

question

John Scopes was tried for:

answer

Teaching the theory of evolution in a Tennessee high school.

question

How did the advent of mass production change the lives of Americans in the early twentieth century?

answer

As a result, Americans attained the highest standard of living in the world.

question

Which group in American society benefited most from Prohibition?

answer

Those who benefited most were the ones who controlled the illegal production and sale of alcoholic beverages.

question

Each statement about the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920's is true EXCEPT:

answer

It admitted women so long as they were white, native-born Protestants.

question

Why id the KKK experience rapid growth during the decade of the 20s?

answer

The perception of eroding traditional values and the influx of foreigners led many to adopt extremist views such s those espoused by the KKK

question

How did the consumer-goods revolution contribute to the great crash of 1929?

answer

Because of the availability of durable goods that didn't need to bee regularly replaced, production outpaced demand, which led to wide-scale layoffs.

question

How did Americans respond to the bull market climate on the eve of the great crash in 1929?

answer

Wild optimism about the continued growth of the stock market led Americans to engage in speculative investing practices.

question

Hoover's response to the Depression could best be described as:

answer

Restrained and cautious.

question

Which of FDR's actions ended the immediate financial crisis of the 1930's?

answer

Roosevelt's Works Progress Administration spent nearly $5 billion in emergency government relief.

question

Roosevelt's Hundred Days banking legislation was designed to:

answer

Support strong banks and eliminate the weaker ones.

question

During the Hundred Days, Roosevelt did all of the following, EXCEPT:

answer

Propose government ownership of major industries.

question

The National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act:

answer

Granted workers the right to organize and collectively bargain.

question

Despite the New Deal, __________ were the country's most impoverished citizens.

answer

Native Americans

question

Young men were hired to clear land, plant trees, build bridges and fish ponds by the:

answer

Civilian Conservation Corps.

question

How did the Roosevelt administration finally deal with the problem of agricultural overproduction?

answer

It set production limits for leading crops and paid farmers subsidies.

question

What role did FDR play in the shifting of African American political affiliation from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party?

answer

FDR appointed African Americans to high-ranking positions and criticized racial discrimination.

question

How might FDR's personal background have prepared him to meet the challenges of the Great Depression?

answer

His bout with polio gave him personal experience of suffering and made him more sensitive to the downtrodden of society.

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