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14th amendment definition

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This was an amendment to the US constitution that created equal rights for all US citizens, made the federal government the protector civil rights, also provided the first written definition of a US citizen

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14th amendment When

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1864

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14th amendment Why

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This amendment gave the Federal Government more power and also the ability to override state legislation for the purpose of protecting civil liberties (ie. black codes)

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Henry Grady definition

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He was a New South Prophet, editor of the Atlanta Constitution, Proindustry Democrate

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Henry Grady When

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1880's

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Henry Grady Why

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He like many other New South Prophets understood the importance of industrializing the south for its economic benefits and saw the need for blacks as the work force in that industrial movement. Signified the shift of the south from an agricultural society to an industrial one.

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Mississippi Plan definition

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This was a series of voting laws in the south used to disenfranchise black voters such as literacy tests and a pole taxes. however these regulations had an unforseen downfall because they also made it harder for some white voters to vote, thus the grandfather clause was created so that all voter whose grandfather's had the right to vote aka. white males did not have to submit to pole taxes or literacy tests

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Mississippi Plan When

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1875

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Mississippi Plan Why

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these regulations took away the rights of black voters and maneuvered there way around the 15th amendment, which stated that you could not deny a man the right to vote based on race, and it took away some of the support of the populous/people's party

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Homestead Act definition

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Act that allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30 - instead of public land being sold primarily for revenue, it was now being given away to encourage a rapid filling of empty spaces and to provide a stimulus to the family farm, turned out to be a cruel hoax because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included no precipitation, many farms were repo'd or failed until "dry farming" took root on the plains , then wheat, then massive irrigation projects

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Homestead Act When

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1862

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Homestead Act Why

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this acted caused the majority of western expansion and prompted the US to build the transcontinental railroad, the gold rush, and the cattle rush. it also dispersed the many people from the overpopulated east,

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Sioux Wars definition

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This was the american conquest of the western territories and the conflicts between the US military and the native americans

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Sioux Wars How

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the Sioux wars were brought on by many causes but it all came down to neither side following the treaties set in place between the two groups and the US's Report of Indian Affairs, a report that stated that Indians and Americans could not live together peacefully. other direct causes include the US military's treatment of the Indians and a Minnesotan settlement being attacked by a group of Sioux Indians

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Sioux Wars When

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1850's-1890's

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Sioux Wars Why

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These wars are significant because they are how the US acquired the west and it also created and enforced the reservation system

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John D. Rockefeller definition

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Founder of standard oil in Ohio He was the richest man who developed the trust and created Standard Oil Company. He was ruthless in the world of business and controlled the petroleum industry. He influenced other businessmen to use trusts in order to obtain wealth, and he was an example of how the new rich was taking over the place that old patricians once held.

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John D. Rockefeller When

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Late 1800's

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John D. Rockefeller Why

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he effectively used the system of vertical integration, the act of owning every step in manufacturing your products i.e. owning the railroad that transports your product or owning the manufacture of the barrels for his oil to be stored in. he also developed the first ever trust, a system that allowed him to control businesses without owning them. this control allowed him to bully his competitors into selling their companies to him or joining his trust. this also allowed him to set the price in the market place because he eliminated competition.

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Social Darwinism definition

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A belief held by many that stated that the rich were rich and the poor were poor due to natural selection in society. This was the basis of many people who promoted a laissez fairee style of economy.

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Social Darwinism When

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Post Civil War to the beginning of the 20th century when progressive movement began

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Social Darwinism Why

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The radical ideal brought about social change in america and inadvertently prompted the progressive movement

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Victorian America definition

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this was a time in american history that we strove for high society and made our first steps into the modern world. american society was loosely based on European soviety primarily french culture. there was also a wave of new money due to the industry boom

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Victorian America When

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1914 End of Civil War-Beginning of WWI

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Victorian America Why

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this was the start of america as a mobile society due to trains, streetcars, and the great american automobile. these technological advancements also brought about many challenges like the increase of organized crime and the change in adolescence to a more rebellious youth. it also marked the rise of the american city, people started to move into the cities in search of jobs and a better social status.

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City Bosses definition

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a single person who controlled the city government typically through illegal activities, it could be a city official or a mob boss or a Padrone. this individual would control all of the city contracts and would promise work to his friends as long as they voted as they were told.

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City Bosses When

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late 1800's to early 1900's

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City Bosses Why

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this had a negative impact on most cities because all of the city contracts would be overpaid and the actual work would of a lesser quality. It also took away open market ideals (equal opportunities). they had control over the sanitation, construction, and waste management industries, which they used to control the city officials. because of the control these city bosses had proper build codes were not passed, proper city governments couldn't be formed, and the people were not protected well enough by the city government. these sort comings by the city government made the lives of people harder and eventually pushed the people towards the progressive movement.

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Populist Party definition

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This was a third party group also know as the People's Party that wanted radical reform of the government and thought that the federal government had a responsibility to provide welfare for its citizens.

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Populist Party When

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1880's-1890's

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Populist Party Why

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they were the initial radical movement that wanted to nationalize Industry and reform voting laws. it was their radical form of theses ideas that allowed the more reasonable progressives to make such concepts a reality with some compromises of course

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Theodore Roosevelt definition

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- First popular president among americans and also was the first president of the progressive era - He believed that the threat of war was enough - Believed that the governmental system needed reformation, but not total transformation - Believed that there were good trusts and bad trusts and that the bad trusts should be eliminated

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Theodore Roosevelt When

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1901-1908 2 presidencies after McKinley died

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Theodore Roosevelt Why

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Roosevelt increased the size and power of the U.S. Navy. He also passed acts such as the Meat inspection act, the Pure food and drug act, and the Conservation of land act to help "protect the social welfare of the people." He believed in corporate regulation to protect the citizens and he promoted the initiation of a tariff for businesses in America.

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Woodrow Wilson definition

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Woodrow Wilson was the last president of the progressive era and was considered to be on the democratic side of the progressive movement. He believed that the government was bad and the whole thing needed to be scratched and changed. Wilson, unlike Roosevelt said that all trusts should be eliminated because they were bad for the people and for the U.S. economy.

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Woodrow Wilson When

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1912-1921

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Woodrow Wilson Why

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Woodrow Wilson was the resident who sent America into World War 1. He believed that fighting was the only way to defend our name. There were 4 major amendments that were added during his presidency (the 16-19 amendments). Because of Wilson's war and foreign policy his presidency lead to the fade out of the progressive movement.

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Progressivism definition

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The progressive era was a time where government expansion was promoted. The slogan was to protect the social welfare of the citizens.

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Progressivism When

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First 20 years of the 20th century

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Progressivism Why

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The progressive era was a direct result of the populist party and their start towards reformation of the government in hopes of bettering America. Progressivism was also a direct result of the need for reformation due to the corruption within the government system.

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Alfred Thayer Mahan definition

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Author of "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History"

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Alfred Thayer Mahan When

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Effect of his work took place during the early 1900's, but people began acknowledging his work in the 1890's

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Alfred Thayer Mahan Why

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Mahan believed that all great world powers had large Navy's. He advocated for the U.S. to expand their navy. Because of his influence Roosevelt would rule the world's second largest Navy during his presidency.

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Spanish-American War definition

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A war between Spanish and America over the control of Cuba. America had a business interest in Cuba, and Cuba did not want to be controlled by Spain, so the Cubans and the American's joined forces to defeat the spanish

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Spanish-American War When

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1898

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Spanish-American War Why

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The Spanish American War was the first time the U.S. was able to prove just how strong their new and improved Navy was. Because of their strong Navy they would be encouraged to join into World War I and II by their allies. Through the victory of this war the U.S gained control of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines when they signed the Treaty of Paris. The war was also used as a pretext to annex the independent state of Hawaii.

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Roosevelt Corollary definition

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Statment to the great powers of the world saying that they could not intervene in the internal affairs of the western hemisphere.

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Roosevelt Corollary When

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1901-1902

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Roosevelt Corollary Why

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It gave the US the right to declare war on those who came into the western hemisphere with the intention of meddling in our affairs.

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Causes of WWI definition

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the series of events leading up to WWI. it all began with with the assassination of the arch duke of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist, causing a war between the two nations. the Serbians had a secret alliance with the Russians and when they mobilized their troupes to aid the Serbs, Germany declared war on Russia due to a secret alliance with the Austria-Hungarian Empire. this declaration of war caused Russia's allies the France and Great Britain to join the war and Germany's ally Italy to join the fight as well.

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Causes of WWI When

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1914-1918

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Causes of WWI Why

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Because there was not an obvious aggressor it became hard for Wilson to decide which side of the war he should join.

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War Industries Board definition

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controlled raw materials, production, prices, and labor relations It was intended to restore economic order and to make sure the United States was producing enough at home and abroad. Headed by Bernard Baruch, this federal agency coordinated industrial production during World War I, setting production quotas, allocating raw materials, and pushing companies to increase efficiency and eliminate waste. Under the economic mobilization of the War Industries Board, industrial production in the United States increased 20 percent during the war.

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War Industries Board When

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July 1917

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War Industries Board Why

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this board provided the equipment for not only the US troupes but also the allied forces. because of this board conservation movements were started and the United States Employment Service was started, effectively employing thousands of Americans primarily southern blacks and women.

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The New Morality definition

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the new morality was a shift in morality from the protestant morals to the new aged industrial morals. the change primarily focused on the role of women. they became more provocative and female promiscuity became more acceptable. this new morality was justified by some using the theory of Freud that a person has a subconscious that accounts for impulsive human behavior, also Einstein's theory of relativity proposed that the laws of the universe aren't constant some individuals drew the conclusion that if the laws of universal physics were relative so might the moral laws of the universe.

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The New Morality When

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1920's

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The New Morality Why

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these social changes altered the role of women in society bringing them into the work force and moving the US closer to Modern America

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19th amendment definition

answer

this was an amendment to the constitution that gave women the right to vote and also upheld the current laws regarding black voters.

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19th amendment When

answer

1920 During Wilson's Presidency

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19th amendment Why

answer

the amendment was passed by the progressive party because they thought that women would vote progressive and strengthen the progressive party insuring their dominance for years to come.

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Scopes Trial definition

answer

the trial of John Scopes vs. the state of Tennessee was also know as the monkey trial. John Scopes violate the Tennessee state law teaching evolution in a public school.

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Scopes Trial When

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1920

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Scopes Trial Why

answer

this was significant because it is the start of fundamentalist and evolutionist conflict in america, although scopes did lose the case they said that they made fools of the fundamentalists and later the case was in fact overturned.

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