question

Which of the following best describes a reason that it was so difficult for sharecroppers to move up the "agricultural ladder"?

answer

the system created economic dependence

question

The lumber industry actually left the South poorer because

answer

All of these answers are correct.

question

Which of the following best describes why Southern poverty persisted?

answer

the South's late start in industrializing its economy

question

What did George Washington Carver of Alabama's Tuskegee Institute persuade poor black farmers to plant?

answer

peanuts

question

Between 1860 and 1900, the annual consumption rate of which product nearly quadrupled?

answer

Tobacco

question

Which industries became the South's chief employer, providing young African American men with their greatest source of employment?

answer

lumber and turpentine

question

Why did people like Henry Grady promote the idea of the "New South"?

answer

They believed that industrialization would lift the region out of poverty.

question

What was the most important factor in preventing the "agricultural ladder" from becoming a reality?

answer

the extension of credit at high interest rates to farmers

question

Why do you think the New South failed to materialize?

answer

The North already had a lock on the industrial market and investment.

question

What stood at the center of southern life as a stabilizer of social order?

answer

church

question

To what does the term "Jim Crow" refer?

answer

a system of legalized separation of blacks as socially inferior

question

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

answer

established the concept of "separate but equal."

question

What was the name given to a series of statutes that separated the South according to race?

answer

Jim Crow laws

question

What increased the pressure to reach a new racial accommodation in the South?

answer

African Americans moving into urban areas

question

Which of the following statements about cowboys during this period is true?

answer

Many of them were Mexicans and black freedmen.

question

Before the Civil War, white "overlanders" set their sights on what region of North America?

answer

Oregon and California

question

What did John Wesley Powell, who became the head of the U.S. Geological Survey in 1880, decide was the West's key resource for successful development?

answer

water

question

The designs of Navajo blankets intended for tourist consumption were ultimately derived from

answer

Mexican serapes.

question

The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 proved destructive because it

answer

attacked the communal structure of tribal life.

question

When Anglo cattle ranchers forced Hispanos off lands near Las Vegas, Las Gorras Blancas (The White Caps)

answer

burned Anglo fences, haystacks, barns, and houses.

question

General Custer's expedition into the Black Hills of South Dakota

answer

spread rumors of gold to encourage whites to migrate to the region.

question

Who did the Native Americans call the "Buffalo Soldiers"?

answer

African Americans

question

On the Great Plains, what disrupted the migratory patterns of the buffalo and thus the patterns of the hunt?

answer

railroads

question

In which 1876 battle did Crazy Horse fight against Civil War veteran Colonel George Armstrong Custer, killing him and some 250 soldiers?

answer

Battle of Little Big Horn

question

In 1890 what became the final act of violence against an independent Indian way of life when the cavalry killed some 300 men, women, and children during a Native American ceremony?

answer

Wounded Knee

question

Why was the Dawes Act of 1887 so consequential?

answer

It undermined Indian tribal structures by granting land to individuals.

question

Which group had the greatest effect in reducing the land holdings of Hispanos in the late nineteenth century?

answer

lawyers

question

What industry, with the assistance of the railroads, had its boom period from 1866 to 1885, with participants earning a 25 to 40 percent profit per year?

answer

cattle

question

The cattle boom on the Great Plains ended in part because

answer

severe weather conditions and overgrazing wiped out many ranchers.

question

Why was the construction of the transcontinental railroad so wildly profitable?

answer

All of these answers are correct.

question

Which description best characterizes the change that mining towns underwent over time?

answer

They became more stable, and established local government.

question

Why were railroads so important to the West?

answer

They allowed the easy transport of raw materials from the West to external markets.

question

What happened to mining and ranching interests in the West over time?

answer

They became the pursuit of large corporations.

question

Thomas Edison

answer

developed an "invention factory" in Menlo Park, New Jersey in order to guarantee a steady and profitable stream of new inventions.

question

Changes in each of the following fields played a significant role in the development of a national industrial network EXCEPT

answer

medicine.

question

What natural resource was distilled and made into kerosene that was then used for lighting lamps?

answer

petroleum

question

Which inventor democratized picture taking by inventing a camera that anyone could use and offering it at an affordable price?

answer

George Eastman

question

Which of the following statements about the telephone is accurate?

answer

acted as a great social leveler.

question

Industries relied on each of the following as primary sources of labor EXCEPT

answer

Indians

question

Which form of business ownership has the advantages of limited liability, large revenue base, and has existed since Colonial times?

answer

corporation

question

The first intercity hookup of the "speaking telegraph" was between

answer

Boston and New York

question

Which factor was most important in enabling natural resource extraction and conversion to take off in the nineteenth century?

answer

New technologies made mass production possible.

question

What was the most important result of the development of railroads, the telegraph and telephone, and other transportation and communications advances?

answer

the establishment of integrated national market

question

What impact do you think that the development of the large, modern industrial corporation had on class segmentation?

answer

It allowed for the concentration of capital in the hands of an elite class.

question

It was an essential system undergirding the rise of big business; it was itself big business; it was a stimulus to other enterprises because it consumed so many natural resources. It was:

answer

the railroad system.

question

The railroad companies

answer

got into "wars" over the rates charged for shipping goods.

question

What term was given to the act of railroad companies making informal agreements among one another to set prices and to share profits?

answer

Pooling

question

Why might asking a railroad conductor for the time be a necessity for the train traveler before 1918?

answer

each municipality and region had its own local time

question

The attorneys for Standard Oil created a new business structure called the

answer

trust

question

What economic term is used to describe when one company gains control of two or more stages of a business operation?

answer

vertical integration

question

What was a key factor in Andrew Carnegie's success?

answer

All of these answers are correct.

question

What economic method, first employed by Rockefeller and his Standard Oil Company, pays stockholders dividends for surrendering their shares to a central board of directors?

answer

the trust

question

Which act gave the government the power to break up trusts and other big businesses?

answer

Sherman Antitrust Act

question

Which of the following men promoted what was called "Social Darwinism"?

answer

Herbert Spencer

question

Which political party, formed in 1877, became a hostile critic of capitalism, calling for a revolution to give workers control over production?

answer

Socialist Labor Party

question

What was the most important downside of big business, according to critics?

answer

It created an enormous and unfair divide between rich and poor.

question

What does the text mean by asserting that certain jobs were "feminized"?

answer

Males tended to no longer pursue certain professional occupations once women entered them in significant numbers.

question

What positions opened up for white-collar women as a result of new methods of management and marketing?

answer

All of these answers are correct.

question

Which of the following was the result of industrialization?

answer

loss of free time, job satisfaction, and power for the workers

question

Of the following, which does NOT reflect the common characteristics of industrial work in the 19th century?

answer

complex tasks

question

The Molly McGuires were

answer

Irish miners who retaliated against the horrid working conditions in the mines.

question

After the Civil War, a group of craft unions, brotherhoods, and reformers united skilled and unskilled workers in a nationwide organization called

answer

National Labor Union.

question

What was the central difference between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?

answer

The Knights wanted "one big union," while the AFL organized skilled craftsmen only.

question

Which statement about the American Federation of Labor is true?

answer

The AFL had little inclination to include women or African Americans in its ranks.

question

Why did many citizens begin to turn away from unions as a force for social good by the 1890s?

answer

Unions had a reputation for radicalism and violence.

question

How would you characterize the role of government in labor disputes like the Great Railroad Strike and the Pullman strike?

answer

actively sympathetic to the concerns of management

question

Which one of the following statements about late nineteenth and early twentieth century immigrants is NOT true?

answer

Most were Protestants.

question

What was the primary solution to the problem that cities could hardly survive, let alone grow, without improved transportation?

answer

electric streetcars

question

A new innovation in housing that ended up making slum conditions worse was the

answer

dumbbell tenement.

question

In which city were the first electric trolley lines run?

answer

Richmond, Virginia

question

New systems of mass transit gave the middle class and poor

answer

the opportunity to live miles from their work.

question

Which of the following was the first great symbol of urban growth in America?

answer

Brooklyn Bridge

question

What was the most important difference between the immigrants who arrived in the United States before the 1880s and those who arrived after?

answer

Later immigrants were more likely to hail from southern and eastern Europe.

question

How did industrialization change settlement patterns in American cities?

answer

It reversed the order of settlement, as the wealthy moved to the outskirts.

question

Which is NOT true of political machines?

answer

They convinced city-dwellers that government should not be trusted to help the needy.

question

A new experiment in providing social services to slum-dwellers featured centers where middle-class women lived among the poor, providing amenities, and teaching American ways to immigrants. This experiment was called the

answer

settlement house.

question

One of the most important political bosses in New York in the late 19th century was

answer

Plunkitt.

question

Which of the following furnished industrial cities with the centralization authority and services they needed?

answer

political machine

question

Probably the most famous of all political bosses who ruled New York City in the 1860s and 1870s was

answer

Boss Tweed.

question

Ministers who attempted to improve the lives of the poor preached

answer

the Social Gospel.

question

Chinese immigrants

answer

created "paper sons" and "paper daughters" after the San Francisco earthquake.

question

What trend characterized cities of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century?

answer

increasing stratification by class

question

Which of the following was NOT an effective method for distinguishing social class in the late nineteenth century?

answer

dress and manners

question

How did the urban middle class distinguish itself from the lower classes?

answer

a belief in disciplined moralism

question

What might have been behind the new emphasis on manliness and fitness present among the middle class?

answer

class and race anxiety

question

Victorianism emerged

answer

as part of an effort to tame a turbulent society.

question

Which of the following did Victorianism NOT stress?

answer

sexual openness

question

Temperance is related to which of the Victorian personal conduct values?

answer

sobriety

question

The Comstock Law was designed to do what?

answer

ban certain items from the mail

question

Trends in education in the late nineteenth century included all EXCEPT

answer

city girls and boys attended school together for most of the workday.

question

The "new women"

answer

participated in sports such as tennis, golf, cycling, and skating.

question

What was one of the primary drivers behind the educational awakening between 1870 and 1900?

answer

business needs

question

Why did only a third of southern black children attend school?

answer

economic necessity of the black family

question

New outlets for selling consumer goods included all EXCEPT the

answer

outlying shopping center at the end of the streetcar lines.

question

The traveling circus

answer

simultaneously reinforced and subverted social conventions.

question

Why did the public education system explode in the late nineteenth century?

answer

the need for individuals with technical and managerial know-how

question

What effect did new patterns of consumption have in the late nineteenth century?

answer

It produced a new mass culture.

question

What would you expect the long-term effect of the growth of professional schools to be?

answer

an expanding middle class

question

All of the following are terms that describe the political climate of the quarter-century after the Civil War EXCEPT

answer

the politics of efficiency.

question

Party loyalty was inspired by each of the following EXCEPT

answer

gender.

question

Civil service reform was finally enacted because of the

answer

assassination of President Garfield.

question

Most of the effective new programs in the country during this period originated in

answer

state government.

question

Between 1877 and 1897 American politics was dominated by

answer

neither Republicans or Democrats.

question

In July 1881, which president was assassinated?

answer

Garfield

question

Which of the following were important political issues during this time period?

answer

All of these answers are correct.

question

Currency debates centered on

answer

All of these answers are correct.

question

Presidents during this period of time were mostly

answer

weak and ineffective.

question

Which of the following best describes the national political climate during this period?

answer

stalemate, with mixed party control throughout

question

In regards to the tariff, which of the following statements is most accurate?

answer

Republican businessmen in the North supported the tariff.

question

The Alliance movement expressed farmers' concerns in the Ocala Demands, which included all of the following EXCEPT

answer

repeal and abolition of the despised subtreasury system.

question

Which of the following statements is true about the farmers' revolt?

answer

It considered adding a women's suffrage plank to its 1892 Populist Party platform.

question

In the South, which of the following most lay at the root of farmers' problems?

answer

debt

question

Which of the following was the earliest of the farm protest organizations?

answer

Patrons of Husbandry

question

The National Farmers' Alliance depended upon which of the following to improve farmers' lives?

answer

cooperatively owned enterprises

question

The Ocala Demands called for which of the following?

answer

All of these answers are correct.

question

Which of the following political parties was made up primarily of farmers and other workers?

answer

the Populist Party

question

All of the following statements about the Election of 1896 are true EXCEPT

answer

Progressives used the free silver issue to achieve their first success in national politics.

question

What is the best explanation of "free silver"?

answer

To promote prosperity, the U.S. government would inflate the money supply through the minting of all of the silver offered to it.

question

Which of the following is NOT true about the disfranchisement movement of the 1890s in the South?

answer

It was utilized to prevent immigrants from settling in the South.

question

Booker T. Washington

answer

counseled patience, hard work, and practical education.

question

In 1890 Mississippi took the lead in

answer

disfranchising African Americans.

question

Ida B. Wells led a nationwide campaign against

answer

lynching.

question

Which African American leader emphasized education and manual training as a means of black advancement?

answer

Booker T. Washington

question

Why was the election of 1896 a watershed election?

answer

It signaled the end of party loyalties and the beginning of a period of Republican rule.

question

Why did state legislatures in the South disenfranchise African Americans in the last decades of the nineteenth century?

answer

because they hoped to prevent a poor white/black alliance against Democratic control

question

Given the unpopularity of President Cleveland's response to the 1893 depression, what policy would you expect later presidents to pursue?

answer

relief programs

question

Many Americans, despite their anti-European, anti-imperialist heritage, were able to justify joining the race for empire. Their rationale included all of the following assumptions EXCEPT

answer

they believed themselves responsible to defend other peoples against European imperialists.

question

Assess the significance of William Henry Seward to America's "new empire."

answer

Though his major accomplishment was the purchase of Alaska, he envisioned U.S. commercial dominance of the Pacific.

question

By the turn of the 20th century nearly what percentage of the African continent was colonized by the European powers?

answer

100%

question

All of the following groups were concerned with American imperialism EXCEPT

answer

steelworkers.

question

Which American statesman advocated expansion of American trade and influence southward into Central and South America?

answer

James Blaine

question

Under the provision of what treaty did Great Britain cede its interest in building a canal across Central America?

answer

the Hay-Paunceforte Treaty

question

Which was NOT an influence in leading the U.S. to declare war on Spain in 1898?

answer

American enthusiasm for intervening in support of popular independence movements

question

John Hay issued the "open door" notes to

answer

keep Europeans from establishing exclusive closed Chinese markets

question

When José Martí said "I have lived in the bowels of the monster" he was referring to

answer

the United States.

question

Why did William McKinley hesitate to go to war with Spain?

answer

the probability of large losses for American businesses

question

Which of the following was a central anti-imperialist argument against annexing the Philippines?

answer

Annexing the Philippines would put whites into unhealthy contact with Asians.

question

Why did the United States go to war against Spain?

answer

to protect American business interests in Cuba

question

Which one of the following ideas should NOT be associated with progressivism?

answer

a skeptical view of human nature and American potential

question

The ideology of progressivism, insofar as it had one, generally

answer

mixed a liberal concern for the poor with a conservative wish to control social disorder.

question

McClure's magazine pioneered a new style of journalism featuring writers like Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens who

answer

presented carefully researched exposés of corporate and government abuses.

question

Journalists who exposed corruption in government and industry were called

answer

muckrakers.

question

A popular new way of thinking called pragmatism asked the question,

answer

"Does it work?"

question

The belief that laws are to be interpreted according to experience and the needs of a changing society is best described as

answer

sociological jurisprudence.

question

Women's suffrage was embraced by many progressives because

answer

the higher moral character of women would help clean up politics.

question

What was the subject of the Keating-Owen Act?

answer

child labor

question

Who launched a campaign to introduce middle class people to urban poverty through reporting and photography?

answer

Jacob Riis

question

Margaret Sanger worked to provide women with information about

answer

birth control.

question

Suffragettes advocated

answer

voting rights for women.

question

Which states were the first to grant women the right to vote?

answer

western

question

What was the key difference between Alice Paul's Congressional Union and the activities of the National American Woman Suffrage Association?

answer

The Congressional Union was more militant in its tactics.

question

The Anti-Saloon League

answer

considered the saloon the center of such problems as gambling, prostitution, political corruption, and unemployment.

question

On the issue of racial discrimination, progressives generally

answer

ignored the question altogether.

question

W.E.B. Du Bois

answer

called on the "talented tenth" to publicly oppose segregation, disenfranchisement, and discrimination.

question

The new science called ________ gave respectability to the idea that new immigrants to the US were biologically inferior.

answer

eugenics

question

Nativists were people who sought to

answer

restrict immigration.

question

The most prominent organization in favor of prohibition was the

answer

Anti-Saloon League.

question

In 1910 Congress passed the Mann Act which attempted to curb what?

answer

prostitution

question

For the most part, how did progressives respond to an increase in the number of immigrants?

answer

They stressed Americanization programs.

question

In general, how did progressives respond to racial discrimination?

answer

They ignored it.

question

Based on the attitudes that progressives had toward immigration, alcohol consumption, prostitution, and racial discrimination, what can you can conclude about who constituted the progressives?

answer

The progressives were a diverse group with sometimes conflicting positions.

question

Progressive reformers did which of the following?

answer

weakened the power of the political machines through the direct primary

question

The nonpartisan commission style government established in the city of Galveston, Texas was a direct byproduct of what event?

answer

a hurricane

question

Theodore Roosevelt referred to what state as "the laboratory of democracy"?

answer

Wisconsin

question

In 1902 ________ adopted the first workers' compensation act in the nation.

answer

Maryland

question

Why was Theodore Roosevelt's intervention in the 1902 anthracite coal strike important?

answer

It showed that he would intervene on behalf of labor, as well as management.

question

What was the primary difference between Roosevelt's New Nationalism and Wilson's New Freedom?

answer

Roosevelt did not see bigness as problematic in itself.

question

Theodore Roosevelt saw government's role in implementing the "Square Deal" as

answer

mediation.

question

What is an accurate comparison of the two competing brands of political progressivism in the 1912 presidential campaign (Theodore Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" and Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom")?

answer

The New Nationalism accepted concentrations of capital, labor, and government; the New Freedom stressed competitiveness among small business and reduced government power.

question

What larger trend do you think the showing of Eugene Debs and Theodore Roosevelt in the 1912 election anticipated?

answer

the potential of third-party candidates to play critical roles in national elections

question

Of the "progressive amendments" to the U.S. Constitution, which addressed tax inequities?

answer

Sixteenth

question

Many historians consider it the most important reform of the early twentieth century because it established the means for expanded federal action. It was

answer

the Sixteenth Amendment permitting graduated income taxes.

question

In 1913 a compromise was reached regarding the regulation of banking and this compromise was codified in the

answer

Federal Reserve Act.

question

In the nineteenth century, the primary revenue source for the federal government was

answer

alcohol taxes and customs duties.

question

Woodrow Wilson's executive style was different than Theodore Roosevelt's in that Wilson

answer

shaped policy and legislation to a greater degree.

question

Which statement does NOT accurately compare Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson?

answer

Both took significant symbolic steps to break down barriers of racial segregation.

question

Progressive diplomacy did NOT stress which of the following?

answer

a pursuit of colonial holdings

question

Under the Roosevelt Corollary, the U.S.

answer

justified intervention in the internal affairs of Caribbean countries.

question

Roosevelt's objectives in Asian policy--which explain his actions in response to the Russo-Japanese War--included all the following EXCEPT

answer

holding the U.S. Navy in waters close to the U.S. for coastal defense.

question

Taft's dollar diplomacy was intended to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT

answer

promote American corporate interests overseas through the use of armed force.

question

Dollar diplomacy failed in the Caribbean because

answer

it was linked closely with unpopular regimes, banks, and corporations.

question

Taft's efforts in dollar diplomacy in Asia resulted in which of the following?

answer

Southern Chinese provinces rebelling against foreign intrusion and overthrowing the monarchy.

question

Wilson added which of the following to the principles of American diplomacy?

answer

A missionary commitment to spreading his system of beliefs across the world.

question

Why was Wilson so quick to recognize the new Republic of China in 1911?

answer

He felt this new republic was more in line with his beliefs and ideals.

question

How did Wilson use missionary diplomacy to gain headway in Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic?

answer

He sent troops to protect U.S. interests.

question

Wilson's policy toward Mexico

answer

included two separate invasions of the country and a near-war, averted only by the diplomatic efforts of the ABC powers.

question

How did Wilson try to force Mexico's hand when Huerta emerged as the head of the government?

answer

He banned arms shipments to Mexico.

question

Why did Wilson turn to Villa for help when Carranza formed a new government in Mexico?

answer

Carranza would not follow Wilson's guidelines, so Wilson hoped that Villa would exert pressure.

question

All of the following signaled the onset of WWI EXCEPT

answer

dislike of the United States.

question

Why was there so much competition between the European nations?

answer

It was a race to see which nation would have the largest worldwide empire.

question

Which countries formed alliances based on military might and long-held beliefs?

answer

Britain aligned with Japan and France.

question

Wilson's commitment to neutrality in the World War stemmed from his profound conviction that

answer

a neutral United States could lead the warring nations to a "peace without victory."

question

What circumstance led to an American posture in which true neutrality was dead?

answer

the British blockade, which cut off U.S. trade with Germany while supplies still flowed to the Allies

question

Why was the sinking of the Lusitania a turning point in America entering the war?

answer

Wilson issued an order to the attacker, Germany, which, if not followed, would lead the U.S. into entering the war.

question

The inflammatory Zimmerman Telegram proposed that in the event of war between the U.S. and Germany

answer

Mexico would attack the U.S.

question

What did Wilson do after he read the Zimmerman telegram?

answer

He released the telegram to the press.

question

Why was the Zimmerman telegram a turning point in America's decision to enter the war?

answer

All of these answers are correct.

question

How would you describe the attitude of most Americans to the war in Europe prior to American entry?

answer

interested in preparedness for peace

question

Which event was most important in causing Woodrow Wilson to ask Congress for a declaration of war?

answer

the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany

question

What goals do you think Woodrow Wilson had for the United States in World War I?

answer

enforce a new order of world peace

question

During World War I, agencies such as the War Industries Board, the Food Administration, and the Fuel Administration were

answer

part of a massive bureaucracy organized by the government to manage the war effort.

question

The bureaucratic state constructed during World War I

answer

created a partnership between big business and government.

question

During the war, the promises of American industries to provide employees with profit sharing, company unions, and personnel departments, began to resemble 1920s style

answer

welfare capitalism.

question

Each of the following was the result of the "100 percent Americanism" movement EXCEPT

answer

the internment of German-speaking immigrants.

question

What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information?

answer

to keep patriotism high

question

What did the Espionage and Sedition Acts guard against?

answer

actions considered unpatriotic or against the war effort

question

Characterize the Fourteen Points.

answer

an idealistic vision for a postwar world order free of militarism and selfish nationalism

question

The Fourteen Points included all of the following EXCEPT

answer

the right to colonize.

question

Which nation was engaged by the Fourteen Points and offered a truce based on them?

answer

Germany

question

How did progressive values exhibit themselves on the homefront during World War I?

answer

The government created a managed economy, a draft, and other programs to establish order.

question

Why did union membership grow during World War I?

answer

The National War Labor Board was established and was successful in arbitrating labor disputes.

question

Why was Germany so maligned during discussions at Versailles?

answer

People felt Germany was to blame for everything.

question

What did Wilson hope to achieve with the League of Nations?

answer

Countries bound to respect and protect each other and isolate aggressors.

question

The Treaty of Versailles never received Senate ratification because

answer

Wilson could not compromise and appeal to the "mild reservationist" Republicans.

question

Why was there so much unrest in the U.S. after the war?

answer

All of these answers are correct.

question

What made people believe that there was a conspiracy to overthrow the government?

answer

People were sending bombs to politicians.

question

Why did Palmer launch raids in 1919 and 1920?

answer

He wanted to arrest (and ultimately deport) those who were suspicious of having ties to communism or radical socialism.

question

Why were legislators like Henry Cabot Lodge opposed to Wilson's proposal for a League of Nations?

answer

They wanted to preserve American sovereignty in foreign affairs.

question

Why were Americans so concerned about radicalism following World War I?

answer

Terrorist activity and postwar strikes created chaos.

question

The roaring economy of the 1920s, also known as the Second Industrial Revolution, involved all of the following EXCEPT

answer

a revolution in labor relations, marked by new growth in the size and influence of labor unions.

question

Henry Ford's great contribution to modern industrial culture was

answer

his commitment to standardization and assembly-line mass production.

question

Which of the following statements about business in America in the 1920s is the most accurate?

answer

It became increasingly consolidated.

question

The advertising industry

answer

shifted during the 1920s from emphasizing products to stressing a consumer's desires.

question

Which of the following methods of payment became much more common during the 1920s?

answer

buying on credit through installment plans

question

Why was Henry Ford so successful in selling automobiles?

answer

He kept prices low by mass-producing a standardized product.

question

Why did employers' groups implement welfare capitalism as part of their American Plan (1921)?

answer

They sought to increase production.

question

What effect might the trend of using credit rather than saving have had on the American economy in the long-term?

answer

economic collapse when people default on loans

question

Changes in attitudes toward women in the 1920s

answer

resulted primarily from changes caused by World War I.

question

As more and more middle-class women obtained birth control, they

answer

felt less guilt about enjoying sex and less fear over the consequences.

question

Women's rights reached a standstill in the 1920s because

answer

militant leaders such as Alice Paul pushed for an Equal Rights Amendment, which others did not agree with.

question

Movies became such a widespread and powerful medium because

answer

productions were rich in spectacle and had a universal appeal.

question

Ticket sales at live music events suffered because

answer

people could listen to different musical events on the radio at home.

question

Which of these media industries did NOT transform American culture during the 1920s?

answer

television

question

Marcus Garvey called for African Americans to do all of the following EXCEPT

answer

pursue racial integration.

question

The renaissance in African American culture in Harlem resulted in

answer

All of these answers are correct.

question

What is one characteristic of the "New Negro" as witnessed by professor Alain Locke?

answer

proud

question

A good example of the new cult of celebrity of the time was the "Lone Eagle,"

answer

Charles Lindbergh.

question

What legacy might Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association have had?

answer

It caused many African Americans to embrace black nationalism.

question

What propelled the "culture wars" between traditionalists and proponents of modern city life?

answer

All of these answers are correct.

question

The National Origins Acts of 1921 and 1924 cut down the number of immigrants by

answer

capping the total number and limiting the entry of immigrants.

question

Which of the following groups generally supported the Prohibition movement?

answer

All of these answers are correct.

question

Conservative Protestants

answer

believed in a literal reading of the Creation account in Genesis.

question

One of the outcomes of the Scopes trial was that

answer

public schools focused on secular instead of religious education.

question

There was renewed interest in the KKK because

answer

the Klan reflected the insecurities of the New Era.

question

Andrew Mellon's philosophy was that

answer

prosperity trickled down from the rich to the poor.

question

As Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover practiced "associationalism." That is, he provided government encouragement and assistance to private business in all of the following ways EXCEPT

answer

by advocating laissez-faire policies to avoid government control.

question

Both Mellon's and Hoover's policies went against the White House's pledge to

answer

keep government small and limited, especially with regards to the economy.

question

Farmers entered hard times during the 1920s because

answer

All of these answers are correct.

question

Which of the following contributed to the economic imbalances that developed in the United States in the midst of the seemingly robust economy of the 1920s?

answer

few gains for workers in terms of wages, purchasing power, and bargaining rights

question

Which of the following was an element of U.S. economic diplomacy in the 1920s?

answer

The United States promised to stabilize the German economy if the Allies reduced Germany's reparation payments to them.

question

How would you describe the policies pursued by Harding and Coolidge?

answer

beholden to business

question

Which groups were left out of the prosperity of the 1920s?

answer

farmers and wage earners

question

Speculation, which had taken over the stock market, was troubling to financial analysts because it

answer

was based on expectations that weren't always realistic.

question

The prosperity of the 1920s fueled the market by

answer

increasing the greed of its users.

question

The Great Crash

answer

damaged the economy and broke the unbounded optimism of the New Era.

question

Overexpansion negatively affected business by the end of the 1920s because

answer

the demand for goods decreased, which meant that inventories climbed and companies lost money.

question

Coolidge's administration contributed to the economic problems by

answer

allowing big business to operate unchecked.

question

Unemployment was a sign of a troubled economy because it showed that

answer

companies suffered from overexpansion, reduced demand, and weak management.

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