History 1301 Exam 1 Ch 1-4 – Flashcards
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The United States does not have a national election:
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There are 50 simultaneous state elections.
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Federalism is the principle that:
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political power should be separated between state and central government to allow political diversity and protect liberty.
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The collapse of the Mongols and the rise of the Ottomans disrupted:
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the supply to Europe, but demand was only increasing.
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Unlike their Spanish cousins, the Portuguese had a good reputation for tolerance and welcomed in:
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Muslims and Jewish refugees fleeing the Spanish Inquisition.
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Very few people thought the earth was flat:
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This is a myth promoted by 19th century atheists to impinge pre-modern civilization and creationism.
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Columbus named the island:
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"San Salvador". This was probably somewhere in the Bahamas.
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A quasi-feudal system called the Encomienda was devised to:
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govern the empire. Conquistadors were given the right to extract labor from subjugated natives.
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America was named after:
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Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian navigator who first charted the coast of South America.
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Juan Ponce de Leon was the first European to:
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set foot in what is now the United States.
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Hernando De Soto:
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Despite walking right over the location of the first gold rush in American history, he found nothing.
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Sola Fide:
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faith alone, became the first principle of the Protestant Reformation.
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Martin Luther was furious:
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Believing that the Church was trying to sell grace; he nailed 95 points of critique to the door of Wittenberg Church.
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Finally, in 1555, the Treaty of Augsburg:
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legalized Lutheranism in the Empire.
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Calvin spent most of his adult life in:
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Geneva, Switzerland where he wrote to the "Reformed" Protestants.
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Scientific Revolution:
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The Reformation broke the power of Church over intellectual thought. People began to ask more questions leading to a rapid expansion of scientific knowledge in the 1600's.
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French, Dutch and English explorers went in search for:
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a route around the north of America.
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Calvinism:
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Called Huguenots in France but violently persecuted, embraced in the Netherlands, and Scotland.
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These Huguenots were the first to:
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look to America for religious liberty.
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St. Augustine was founded in:
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1565 by the Spanish to secure the coast. It is the oldest town in the United States of European origin.
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The French wanted to tap into:
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the exotic fur trade available in North America.
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The French preferred to operate:
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small trading posts rather than large, populous colonies.
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The Iroquois were a powerful group of tribes in:
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New York that formed a league sometime before 1600.
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Their interest in North America was also:
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Beaver, but their effort at colonization was half-hearted and largely unsuccessful.
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The Dutch commissioned:
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private corporations to run their colonies.
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The Swedish contribution was:
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minimal except for their design of the log cabin.
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The Dutch had a difficult time maintaining:
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law and order in New Netherlands. The colony was very unstable.
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William Tyndale:
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Oxford scholar who translated all the New Testament into English, illegally.
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Edward VI was the first:
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Protestant King of England.
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Elizabeth was a moderate on:
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doctrinal issues, and desired harmony above all.
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Virginia was named after:
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Queen Elizabeth I who never married.
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The first English colony was founded in:
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1585 on Roanoke Island.
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This "Lost Colony" became a major curiosity in American history:
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Likely, the colonists moved to the mainland and were taken in by friendly natives.
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Some even resorted to:
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cannibalism, but the colony was on the verge of total failure. John Smith said that this was all caused by laziness and greed.
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Powhatan confederation:
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Controlled by Chief Powhatan who saw the English like any other small tribe.
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A truce was signed in:
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1614, and Pocahontas was married to John Rolfe.
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The steady arrival of new colonists drawn by:
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the prospect of growing tobacco ensured that Jamestown would survive.
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Martial law ended in:
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1619 and the Virginia House of Burgesses was established. It was the earliest elected representative body in the New World.
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The purpose of Proprietary colony was to:
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tap into the beaver trade so far successful among the French and Dutch.
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A diverse group of people who were dissatisfied with the degree of reform in England:
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They wanted to further "purify" the Anglican Church.
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Some were even more radical and held that the Anglican Church was unreformable:
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They called for a complete withdrawal from that church.
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Plymouth colony:
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Half of the colonists did not survive the first winter.
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Thanksgiving:
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The first harvest celebration when the Pilgrims thanked God for his provision. It did not include typical dishes now associated with current holiday.
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Abraham Lincoln made:
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Thanksgiving an official holiday in 1863.
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John WIntrop:
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invoked biblical imagery when he describe the colony as a "city on a hill". This was to be the modal society properly governed by Christian virtue.
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It is important to remember that the English did not:
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have an official plan of colonization. It was rather haphazard.
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Rhode Island:
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This was the first place to have a separation of church and state in America.
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Connecticut and New Hampshire:
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One major difference was that there was no church membership requirement for voting.
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Charles I ruled from:
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1625-1649. He attempted to lead the Church of England in an Arminian direction. Parliament at the time was dominated by Puritans and Calvinists.
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From 1649, Oliver Cromwell ruled as:
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Lord Protector of the English Commonwealth.
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The instability that had plagued the Dutch:
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continued under the English and New York did not have a popular assembly until 1683.
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William Penn was:
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a Quaker, a radical Protestant sect, that had been persecuted under Cromwell.
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This became the primarily point of entry for German and Welsh colonists:
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The land was extremely fertile and Penn insisted that the Indians owned all the land until fairly purchased.
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The English mistakenly called them:
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"Dutch" because of the word Deutsch.
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Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, John Locke,:
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helped write a constitution for the new colony which included a representative government and religious toleration, but he assumed a institutionalized social hierarchy was needed to protect liberty.
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The first major export from Carolina was:
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native slaves until rice was brought to the colony in 1690.
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Rice became the major export of:
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Carolina after 1690 and African slaves were brought in to meet the labor demand.
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Bacon marched his 400 man army on Jamestown:
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With the governor still defiant, Jamestown was burned to the ground.
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Bacon's Rebellion was very short, but:
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it broke the power of the elite over colonial government.
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The English won with the help of the:
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Mohawks of New York sent be Governor Edmund Andros.
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James II was to be the last:
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Catholic king of England.
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James II wanted to:
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punish all Puritans and revoked the charters of New England.
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In the aftermath, of Glorious Revolution, 1688:
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New Hampshire became a royal colony
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Plymouth merged with :
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Massachusetts
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Property, rather than church membership,:
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was required for suffrage
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Salem possessed:
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This should not be seen as characteristic of Puritans, this was an isolated incident and an aberration for the 17th century.
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As Pennsylvania filled up:
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new settlers moved down the Piedmont on an improved trail called the Great Wagon Road.
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Moravians settled in:
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central North Carolina starting in 1752. Led by Gottleib Spangenberg, they formed a sub-colony called Wachovia.
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Oglethorpe was a:
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philanthropist who was concerned about the poor in Britain.
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Slavery was banned in:
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early Georgia.
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Daniel Boone was hired to:
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improve the trail so that wagons could travel though.
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People were mostly equal, but:
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were poor by costal standards.
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The older parts of the colonies had:
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much more stratified societies resembling Europe to some degree.
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Deference was the public acknowledgment of:
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ones social better.
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South Carolina was a lawless place:
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so settlers took maters into their own hands and arrested bandits and trespassers.
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North Carolina had its own regulation a few years later:
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There the problem was not lack of government, but corrupt government.
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Natural rights:
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These are privileges that all humans have as part of their created nature.
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Natural rights could not be separated from:
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the human, just as one could not remove human nature.
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Three basic natural rights:
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life, liberty, property.
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The justification for the right to live is rooted in:
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Natural Law Theory. God has seen fit to give us existence, none other but God has the right to curtail this existence unless that power be delegated by God.
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Liberty is a reflection of:
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rational free will. We are at liberty to make choices, but we are still unable to control the consequences.
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Positive:
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Humans have the freedom to pursue their dreams.
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Negative:
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Humans have the freedom from coercion.
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Locke said that :
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we have a fundamental right to benefit from our own hard work.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau said that:
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the people were sovereign over their government.
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Government does not grant any rights:
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It is a necessary evil, required by inability of man to consistently pursue "the good".
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Franklin founded the first:
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library in America - Philadelphia, 1731.
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Causes of the great awakening:
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"rational religion" not emotionally fulfilling and Insufficient number of churches for swelling population.
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George Whitefield:
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Criticized Church of England as "unconverted ministry"
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Benign Neglect:
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This allowed colonial government a lot more power.
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