question

A major source of mechanical power in medieval Eurpoe after 1050 was the

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Water mill, which was used to grind grain, crush paper pulp, and press oil

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One factor that contributed to the increase in agricultural output in the medieval period was

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A rise in average temperature that allowed for a longer growing season

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Serfs were treated like slaves in parts of medieval Europe with the major exception that:

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Serfs could not be sold apart from their historic lands

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During the high Middle Ages, fields were rotated over a ________ cycle to increase overall agricultural production 50-67 percent.

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Three-year

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The rotation of crops:

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Spread labor evenly over the course of the year

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During the eleventh century, the most spectacular developments in long-distance trade took place in:

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Northern Italy

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Although moneylending was an important factor in the success of early Italian merchant activity:

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The western Christian church condemned the practice as usurious

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One response to the Viking invasions of the tenth century was the development of:

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Castles

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Ruling from their castles, lords claimed the right to:

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Collect taxes, administer justice, wage war, and mint money

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The term feudal comes from the Latin feudum, which refers to:

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"Fief" or a gift that created a contractual relationship

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Central to the establishment of feudal monarchies was the:

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Personal relationship among individuals at each level of feudal society

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At Canossa in the winter of 1077:

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King Henry IV humiliated himself before Pope Gregory VII

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The tenth century was known for ineffective kingship throughout Europe and:

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An incompetent and largely corrupt papacy

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The monastic reform movement that began at Cluny in Burgundy was unique in that it:

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Undertook the establishment of a large number of subordinate "daughter houses" also free of control by local lords

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The first successful attempt to restore the spiritual authority of the Latin church can be traced to the establishment of a new kind of monastery at:

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Cluny in Burgundy

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Many Christians believed in the special protective and curative powers of objects associated with saints such as a fragment of bone or cloth from their garment. Such relics:

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All of the above

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In 1059, pope Nicholas II issued a new decree on papal elections, which gave the power to elect future popes to the:

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College of cardinals

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In the eleventh century, the struggle for power in Central Europe was, for the most part, between:

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King and pope

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The importance of the investiture conflict was that it:

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Formally, though not it practice, separated the "church" and "state" in European politics

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The compromise that ended the investiture conflict was known as the:

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Concordat of worms

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Relations between Muslims and Christians in the area Christians referred to as the holy lands were upset when Jerusalem was captured in 1071 by the:

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Seljuq Turks

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When Alexius Comnenus asked for western help against the Seljuq Turks, he was hoping for

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A force of heavily armed knights to deploy against the lightly armored Turkish calvary

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When preaching the first crusade, some churchmen in Western Europe offered crusaders:

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A plenary indulgence, promising that those who died would immediately go to heaven

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What was not a goal expressed by pope urban II for the first crusade?

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To slay christs enemies wherever they could be found, especially Jews and Muslims

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The Muslim philosopher known in Europe as Averroès attempted to resolve a perceived problem in philosophy of:

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Reconciling the Greek idea of the freedom individuals had in the world and the view that God determined everything that happens in the world

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From the Islamic world come some of the best- known poetry in the world, among which is the proud of:

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Umami Khayyam

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The literary world created by Islam was not limited to Muslims alone. One of the greatest scholars and writers of the period was:

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Moses Maimonides

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The high Middle Ages witnessed the birth of new political structure known as the:

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National Monarchy

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King Henry II's important dispute with archbishop, Thomas Becket was related to:

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Whoever ultimately had legal jurisdiction over priests and church courts

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The Magna Carta was signed by King John:

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To define the rights of nobles and limit his power, doing so only because his barons forced him into it

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The French kingdom of the Capetians has shrunk dramatically under the rule of ______ who lose his wife and lands to the English King.

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Louis VII

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To the territories he inherited from his father, Frederick Barbarossa, King Henry VI added:

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Sicily

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King Frederick II of Germany:

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Pursued his grandfather's policy of supporting the German princes while enforcing imperial rights throughout the empire

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Innocent III was the most successful pope in the High Middle Ages because he:

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Successfully disciplined kings and heretics, and defined the central dogmas of the church

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The emphasis on visible works of Christian piety and devotion in the high Middle Ages served to:

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Clearly distinguish Christian groups for their non-Christian neighbors

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Which Christian figure became the center of a rapidly expanding "cult" in the the twelfth century and the namesake of the cathedral of Norte dame in Paris as well as other places?

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The Virgin Mary

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Saint Francis of Assisi emphasized which religious themes in his ministry and new monastic order?

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Apostolic poverty and an imitation of the life of Christ

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The increasing persecution of European Jews in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries should be interpreted in the context of:

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General Christian concerns about heresy and by the growing suspicion of Jews at all levels of society

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The seven liberal arts that universities of Europe established as their curriculum was compromised of the:

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Trivium and quadrivium

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By 1200, most of the boys who entered schools:

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Were not members of the clergy and never intended to be

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Anselm argued that:

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God, as a perfect being, must exist simply by definition

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Modern universities can trace their origin ultimately back to the:

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Abelard at Notre-Dame in Paris

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Upon admission to university, medieval students typically studied the liberal arts, which meant:

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Advanced work in Latin grammar, rhetoric, and logic

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Compared to Saint Augustine, Saint Thomas Aquinas seems to have:

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Places a greater value on the use of reason and the study of the physical universe to know God

question

The essential features of the Romanesque architectural style are:

answer

Rounded arches, massive stone walls, and small windows

History 101 Chapter 8-9 – Flashcards

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