question

Modern psychology shares what characteristic with ancient Greek philosophy?

answer

An interest in the same kinds of questions about human nature.

question

The new discipline of psychology was the product of the union of____

answer

philosophy and physiology

question

the historical treatment of Freud's impact upon psychology is still incomplete because why?

answer

many of his papers and letters will not be publicly available until later in the 21st century.

question

The contextual forces in psychology deal with the____

answer

social, economic, and political factors that influenced the field.

question

Even when some women were admitted to graduate programs in psychology they still encountered many barriers to their success such as ____

answer

barred from laboratory facilities, prevented from using graduate library facilities, unable to eat in graduate cafeterias.

question

"The man makes the times" reflects which view of history?

answer

personalistic

question

the stage in the development of a science when it is still divided into schools of thought is called____

answer

preparadigmatic

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In contrast to the events that are studies in science, historical events cannot be____

answer

repeated

question

The various schools of thought in psychology have served well as systems to be opposed. In each case, ____ was the consequence.

answer

a new school of thought.

question

According to Schultz & Schultz, a course in the history of psychology is useful because____

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helps us understand why modern psychology has so many different movements, helps integrate the areas and issues that constitute modern psychology, provides a fascinating story on its own.

question

The Zeitgeist of 17th to 19th century Europe and of the United States was marked by ____

answer

mechanism

question

The doctrine that explains phenomena on one level (such as complex ideas) in terms of phenomena on another level (such as simple ideas) is ____

answer

reductionism

question

Descartes was significant to psychology as a science because he helped liberate___

answer

science from the stranglehold of theology.

question

According to Descartes, the pineal gland was the part of the brain ____

answer

where mind and body interact.

question

The idea that science should be based totally on objectively observable facts is called ____

answer

positivism

question

The belief that all things can be described in physical terms is ___

answer

materialism

question

What position did Locke take on the origin of ideas?

answer

All ideas are acquired from experience; no ideas are innate.

question

"If a tree falls in the forest and no one is present to hear it, a sound will still occur because God is the permanent perceive of all objects in the universe." This argument illustrates the position of ____

answer

Berkely

question

Hartley argued that the human brain and nervous system transmitted impulses ____

answer

with nerve vibrations

question

The idea that "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" was the position of ____

answer

John Stuart Mill

question

Bessel began the study of individual differences in perception by noting that_____

answer

astronomers differed in their time estimates in measuring the transit of a star.

question

The practice of psychosurgery such as prefrontal lobotomies, has its roots in the ____

answer

extirpation method

question

_____ produced the theory of cranioscopy.

answer

Gall

question

The representation of the nervous system as a complex switching system reveals the 19th century reliance on ____

answer

mechanism

question

The "publish or perish" ethic, which is a hallmark of the most prestigious U.S. research universities and colleges, is a direct descendant of the 19th century _____ universities.

answer

German

question

Helmholtz emphasized a _____ approach.

answer

mechanistic and deterministic

question

Whose major contributions to the new psychology involved the two-point threshold and the just noticeable difference?

answer

Ernst Weber

question

The point of sensitivity at which the least amount of change in a stimulus gives rise to a change in a sensation is a definition of____

answer

the differential threshold

question

Fechner's most important contribution to psychology was the ____

answer

quantification of the mind-body relationship

question

How did the British empiricists (BritE) and the German physiologists (GerP) differ in their approach to the study of the senses?

answer

The BritE studied the senses from the viewpoint of philosophy. The GerP used scientific methods to study the senses.

question

In his early work when he was his own experimental subject, the 29 year old Wilhelm Wundt found that he could ____

answer

not pay attention to two things at once

question

Wundt's system is most accurately called ____.

answer

experimental psychology

question

the cultural psychology of Wundt examined evidence from ___.

answer

examination of language, myths, customs, law, and morals.

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Wundt's term 'voluntarism' reflects his emphasis on the ____.

answer

power of the will to organize the contents of the mind.

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What are the three dimensions of Wundt's tridimensional theory of feelings?

answer

pleasure/displeasure; tension/relaxation; excitement/depression

question

What is NOT a reason for decline of Wundt's approach to psychology?

answer

Wundt's theories were difficult to understand. Therefore, he attracted very few students to his work.

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This person was influenced by Fechner's rigid and systematic use of measurement in developing his own methods for researching higher level cognitive processes.

answer

Hermann Ebbinghaus

question

The subject matter of psychology is the act of experiencing, according to ____

answer

Brentano

question

Which method is defined as "the examination of experience as it occurred without any attempt to reduce experience to elementary components."

answer

Phenomenology

question

Kulpe's identification of nonsensory aspects or contents of consciousness refuted Wundt's ____

answer

contention that the sole mental elements were sensations or images.

question

Titchener's manner with his students during lectures was one of____

answer

formality

question

One of the main reasons that Tichener's though was believed to closely parallel that of Wundt was that Titchener____

answer

translated Wundt's books from German into English

question

Of the 56 doctoral degrees Titchener conferred, what percentage were given to women?

answer

more than a third.

question

In the Original Source Material from A Textbook of Psychology, Titchener described the difference between ____

answer

independent and dependent experience.

question

The sum of our experiences accumulated over a lifetime is Titchener's definition of ____.

answer

mind

question

The influence of mechanism on Titchener is exemplified in his ____

answer

use of the chemistry term reagents instead of observers.

question

Titchner's research led him to conclude that affective states had only ____ dimension(s); namely ___.

answer

one; pleasure/displeasure

question

The criticisms directed at the method of introspection are more relevant to the kind of introspection practiced by ___ than by ____.

answer

Titchener and Kulpe; Wundt

question

In terms of describing the method of introspection, Titchener ____.

answer

had difficulty defining exactly what he meant.

question

What statement is true about the status of the introspective method in modern psychology?

answer

Several areas of modern psychology, such as clinical and industrial/organizational, use the introspective method.

question

The ____ ask, , "What's the mind made of?" whereas the ____ demand, "What does it do?"

answer

structuralists;functionalists

question

Darwin's ideas of evolution were not new. What was new about Darwin's work was his ____

answer

hard data to support such a theory

question

____ is the preeminent book of Darwin's theory of evolution, which details the evolution of humans from lower forms of life.

answer

On the Origin of Species

question

In his journal Mind, Darwin describes ___

answer

the developmental stages of his son in relation to human evolution

question

Today, our acceptance that the study of the individual differences is appropriate subject matter for psychology is due to whose work?

answer

Galton

question

Galton's Hereditary Genius was mainly concerned with ____.

answer

a statistical analysis of the concept of eminent men producing eminent offspring.

question

Who was the first to show that human mental characteristics followed a normal distribution?

answer

Galton

question

The notion that there is continuity of consciousness and cognitive processes between animals and humans was suggested and/or demonstrated by____

answer

Darwin's evidence

question

The work of Romanes was especially flawed because of his ____.

answer

use of the anecdotal method.

question

The intent of Lloyd Morgan's canon was to ____.

answer

make comparative psychology more scientific.

question

Spencer developed synthetic philosophy, which was an attempt to ____

answer

use evolutionary theory as a way to understand any process that undergoes change and development.

question

"The nasty little science" was James's label for ___

answer

psychology

question

William James used the term "stream of consciousness" to indicate ____.

answer

that the changing nature of consciousness prevents its analysis into mental elements.

question

The basic tenet of ___ is that the validity of an idea or conception must be tested by its practical consequences.

answer

pragmatism

question

The idea that men show a wider range of variations in physical and mental development than women and that the abilities of women are more clustered about the average is a definition of the ____

answer

variability hypothesis

question

Consistent with contemporary research on sex differences, Woolley found that ____.

answer

there were no sex differences in mental intelligence.

question

The theory that the psychological development of children repeats the history of the human race is known as the ___ theory, proposed by ___.

answer

recapitulation;Hall

question

Dewey's analysis of ___ was the work that most keenly protested structuralism.

answer

the reflex arc

question

Who guided functionalism into becoming a formal school by giving it the focus and stature to earn respect in the scientific community?

answer

Angell

question

Woodworth's psychology was distinct from the Chicago school in his___

answer

emphasis on the physiological correlates of behavior.

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