question

The Jesuit religious order was particularly influential in:

answer

New France

question

How did Native Americans conceive of property?

answer

Families might use a specific plot of land for season

question

In England, social inequality:

answer

was part of a hierarchical society

question

What geographic error did Columbus make?

answer

He grossly underestimated the size of the Earth.

question

What does the seal of New Netherland, adopted by the Dutch West India Company in 1630, suggest in central to the colony's economic prospects

answer

Fur

question

Spanish Florida:

answer

Was little more than an isolated military settlement.

question

Which one of the following was true of French relations with Native Americans?

answer

Jesuit missionaries tried to convert Native Americans, but gave them far more independence than did Spanish missionaries.

question

What European city was known in the early seventeenth century as haven for persecuted Protestants from all over Europe and even for Jews fleeing Spain?

answer

Amsterdam

question

Why did European exploration of the New World proceed so rapidly after Columbus's discoveries?

answer

Gutenberg's invention of the printing press enabled the rapid dissemination of information.

question

As colonization began, the European idea of freedom:

answer

Included the idea of abandoning sin to embrace the teachings of Jesus Christ.

question

Which one of the following statements about African slavery within Africa is FALSE?

answer

Only men were taken for the slave trade.

question

The Spanish set up outposts from Florida to South Carolina in part because:

answer

Spanish missionaries hoped to convert local Native Americans to Christianity.

question

How did Spain justify enslaving Native Americans?

answer

The Spanish believed that enslavement could liberate Native Americans from their backwardness and savagery and introduce them to Christian civilization.

question

How did the Dutch manifest their devotion to liberty?

answer

They supported freedom of religion in their colony.

question

Pueblo Indians lived in what is now:

answer

the southwestern United States

question

Which one of the following statements about Spanish America is true?

answer

Over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture--part Spanish, part Indian, and, in some areas, part African.

question

Which one of the following was NOT true of women in Native American societies?

answer

Women made all decisions about trade relations with other tribes.

question

Which statement about the Pueblo Revolt is FALSE?

answer

It was inspired by the Pope, but he died before the actual revolt took place.

question

As early as 1615, the ______ people of present-day southern Ontario and upper New York State forged a trading alliance with the French, and many of them converted to Catholicism.

answer

Huron

question

Europeans--particularly the English, French, and Dutch-- generally claimed North American Indian land as their own based on:

answer

their view that Indians did not use the land properly.

question

In 1517, the German priest ___________ began the Protestant Reformation by posting his Ninety-Five Theses, which accused the Catholic Church of worldliness and corruption.

answer

Martin Luther

question

Both Aztec and Inca empires were:

answer

large, wealthy, and sophisticated.

question

The government of the Spanish empire in America:

answer

Included local officials who held a great deal of control.

question

Far more important to most Indian societies than freedom as personal independence were all of the following except:

answer

secure rights to owning land.

question

According to Bartolome de Las Casas:

answer

Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World.

question

The first center of the Spanish empire in America:

answer

Was the island of Hispaniola

question

In 1519, who became the first European explorer to encounter the Aztec empire?

answer

Hernán Cortés

question

Bartolomé de Las Casas argued that Indians:

answer

should enjoy \"all guarantees of liberty and justice\" as subject of Spain.

question

What role did religion play in the Columbus's explorations?

answer

Catholics in Spain and Italy supported his expeditions because they wanted to end Muslim control of the eastern trade.

question

What motivated the Portuguese to begin exploration to find a water route to India, China and the East Indies?

answer

To eliminate the Muslim \"middlemen\" in the luxury goods trade

question

Portuguese trading posts along the western coast of Africa were called factories because:

answer

The merchants were known as factors

question

Which one of the following is true of religion in seventeenth-century Europe?

answer

Religious uniformity was thought to be essential to public order.

question

Alarmed by the destructiveness of the conquistadores, the Spanish crown replaced them with a more stable system of government headed by:

answer

lawyers and bureaucrats.

question

The Black Legend described:

answer

Spain as uniquely brutal colonizer.

question

Which statement about the Indian of North America is FALSE?

answer

Indians lacked genuine religion.

question

Which statement about New Netherland is FALSE?

answer

Women had many liberties, but could not retain their legal identity after marriage.

question

\"Coverture\" refers to:

answer

A woman surrendering her legal identity when she marries.

question

Patroonship in New Netherland:

answer

meant that shareholders received large estates for transporting tenants for agricultural labor.

question

Amerigo Vespucci:

answer

helped to correct Columbus's theory that he had found the route to Asia.

question

Exploring the North American interior in the 1500s, ______ was the first European to encounter the immense herds of buffalo that roamed the Great Plains.

answer

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

question

In their relations with Native Americans, the Dutch:

answer

concentrated more on economics than religious conversion.

question

Europeans tended to think which one of the following about Native Americans and their cultures?

answer

Native Americans failed to make use of the land, so it was acceptable for Europeans to take it and use it.

question

The repartimiento system established by the Spanish in the mid-1500s:

answer

recognized Indians as free but required them to perform a fixed amount of labor.

question

Slavery in Africa:

answer

involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors and war captives.

question

Which European country dominated international commerce in the early seventeenth century?

answer

The Netherlands

question

Under English law in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, women:

answer

surrendered their legal identities when they married.

question

New France was characterized by:

answer

more peaceful European-Indian relations than existed in New Spain.

question

The reconquista was the reconquest of Spain from the:

answer

Moors.

question

The New Lands of 1542:

answer

commanded that Indians no longer be enslaved in Spanish possessions.

question

Which one of the following was true of New France?

answer

Its population was limited at best, because France feared that a significant emigration would undermine its role as a great European power.

question

Which one of the following is true of freedom in New Netherland?

answer

Married women retained a legal identity separate from that of their husbands.

question

Which one of the following lists the events in proper chronological order, from first to last?

answer

Spain adopts New Laws, Pueblo Revolt, Quebec founded, the Dutch settle Manhattan.

question

In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded:

answer

Quebec

question

The Columbian Exchange was:

answer

the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World.

question

The city situated along the Mississippi River with between 10,000 and 30,000 residents in the year 1200 is today known as:

answer

Cahokia

question

Which one of the following statements is true of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlán?

answer

It had a complex system of canals, bridges, and dams, with the Great Temple at the center.

question

The first permanent European settlement in the Southwest, established in 1610, was:

answer

Santa Fe

question

In 1942, the Native American population:

answer

lived mostly in Central and South America

question

The Spanish empire in America:

answer

was, unlike the French and English New World empires, a mostly urban civilization.

question

Around 7000 B.C.E., agriculture developed in the Americas around:

answer

Mexico and Peru

question

The Pueblo Indian uprising of 1680:

answer

helped lead to the most complete victory for Native Americans over Europeans.

question

The first French explorations of he New World:

answer

were intended to locate the Northwest Passage.

question

Europeans generally believed all of the following about Indians EXCEPT that:

answer

Indians had enormous potential to assimilate European ways.

question

Henry Hudson:

answer

hoped to find the Northwest Passage to Asia

question

When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans:

answer

tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans.

question

Which statement about gender relations is FALSE for most Native American societies?

answer

Tribal leaders were almost always women.

question

Native American religious ceremonies:

answer

were related to the Native American belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and intimate things.

question

Which one of the following is true about Spanish emigrants to the New World?

answer

Many of the early arrivals came to direct Native American labor.

question

The transatlantic flow of people and goods such as corn, potatoes, horses, and sugar cane is called:

answer

The Columbian Exchange

question

Before the transatlantic slave trade began, approximately 100,000 African slaves were transported between 1450 and 1500 to:

answer

Portugal and Spain

question

Which of the following is true of Spain's explorations of the New World?

answer

Florida was the first region in the present-day United States that Spain colonized.

question

Adam Smith recorded in 1776 that the \"two greatest and most important\" events in the history of mankind were the:

answer

a discovery of America and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia

question

Acoma was an Indian city in present-day _______ that the Spanish destroyed.

answer

New Mexico

question

Before the arrival of Columbus, Native North Americans:

answer

had elaborate trade networks.

question

John Cabot sailed to:

answer

Newfoundland

question

How did French involvement in the fur trade change life for Native Americans?

answer

The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society.

question

Which of the following was NOT a technique that Spanish conquistadores used to conquer Native American empires?

answer

Negotiating treaties

question

The Spanish justified their claim to land in the New World through all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

defeating the English fleet in 1588.

question

The Pueblo Indians encountered by the Spanish in the sixteenth century:

answer

used irrigation systems to aid their agricultural production.

question

In Europe on the eve of colonization, one conception of freedom, called \"Christian liberty,\":

answer

mingled ideas of freedom with servitude to Jesus Christ--concepts that were seen as mutually reinforcing, not contradictory.

question

French Canada:

answer

consisted mainly of male colonists.

question

The ritual sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs:

answer

a disgusted Europeans despite their own practices of publicly executing criminals and burning witches at the stake.

question

Which one of the following is true of agriculture in Spanish America?

answer

Spain introduced wheat as a crop.

question

By the eighteenth century, colonial farm families:

answer

viewed land ownership almost as a right, precondition of freedom.

question

Nathaniel Bacon:

answer

actually was socially closer to the elite than to the indentured servants who supported him.

question

What was the Covenant Chain?

answer

an alliance made by the governor of New York and the Iroquois Confederacy

question

Elizabeth Sprigs, an indentured servant in Maryland, found her experience to be:

answer

extremely harsh, barely better than that of a slave's.

question

All of the following were factors enticing migration to the British colonies EXCEPT:

answer

absence of restraints on economic opportunity.

question

Which of the following was true of poverty in the colonial period?

answer

Limited supplies of land, especially for inheritance, contributed to poverty.

question

What was William Penn's most fundamental principle?

answer

religious freedom

question

Which one of the following is true of slaver?

answer

The English word \"slavery\" derives from \"Slav,\" reflecting the slave trade in Slavic peoples until the fifteenth century

question

What commodity drove the African slave trade in Brazil and the West Indies during the seventeenth century?

answer

sugar

question

William Penn obtained the land for his Pennsylvania colony because:

answer

the king wanted to cancel his debt to the Penn family and bolster the English presence in North America.

question

Pennsylvania's treatment of Native Americans was unique in what way?

answer

Pennsylvania purchased Indian land that was then resold to colonists and offered refuge to tribes driven out of other colonies/

question

The English Bill of Rights of 1689:

answer

listed parliamentary powers over such individual rights as trial by jury.

question

Slavery developed more slowly in North American than in the English West Indies because:

answer

the high death rate among tobacco workers made it economically unappealing to pay more for a slave likely to die within a short time.

question

The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina:

answer

proposed a feudal society in the New World, complete with hereditary nobility.

question

Indians in eighteenth-century British America:

answer

were well integrated into the British imperial system.

question

What was the impact of King Philip's War (1675-1676)?

answer

Native Americans destroyed twelve Massachusetts towns, which helped establish them in the minds of New Englanders as bloodthirsty savages.

question

Which of the following was not a factor that made African slavery appealing to English planters in the New World?

answer

A long English legal tradition of discrimination against dark-skinned peoples eased the legalization of slavery.

question

Of colonists in British North America, which group was the wealthiest?

answer

South Carolina rice planters

question

As English colonial society became more structured in the eighteenth century, what were the effects on women?

answer

Women's work became more clearly defined as tied closely to the home.

question

The first English Navigation Act, adopted during the rule of Oliver Cromwell:

answer

aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch.

question

By the eighteenth century, consumer goods such as books and ceramic plates:

answer

were found in many colonial residents' homes.

question

What ironic consequence did William Penn's generous policies, such as religious toleration and inexpensive land, have?

answer

They contributed to the increasing reliance of Virginia and Maryland on African slave labor.

question

The Glorious Revolution of 1688:

answer

resulted mainly from the fears of English aristocrats that the birth of James II's son would lead to a Catholic succession.

question

The economy of the Carolina colony:

answer

originally centered on cattle-raising and trade.

question

Anglicization\" meant all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

colonists were determined to speak English as perfectly as those who lived in England.

question

Once Massachusetts became a royal colony in 1691:

answer

it was required to abide by the English Act of Toleration, which displeased many Puritan leaders.

question

Ideas of race and racism in seventeenth century England:

answer

had not fully developed as modern concepts.

question

In what ways did England reduce colonial autonomy during the 1680s?

answer

It created the Dominion of New England, run by a royal appointee without benefit of an elected assembly.

question

What form of behavior did William Penn ban in his Pennsylvania colony?

answer

swearing

question

Which of the following is true of slave resistance in the colonial period?

answer

Some slaves were the offspring of white traders and therefore knew enough English to turn to the legal system, at least until Virginia lawmakers prevented them from doing so.

question

What was one of Pennsylvania's only restrictions on religious liberty?

answer

Holding office required an oath affirming a belief in Jesus Christ, which eliminated Jews from serving.

question

Before founding Pennsylvania, William Penn assisted a group of English Quakers to set up a colony in what became:

answer

New Jersey

question

How did English rule affect the Iroquois Confederacy?

answer

After a series of complex negotiations, both groups aided each other's imperial ambitions.

question

What role did Native Americans play in British imperial wars during the eighteenth century?

answer

They did much of fighting in the wars.

question

Governor William Berkeley's regime:

answer

was a corrupt alliance of the Virginia colony's wealthiest tobacco planters.

question

The Walking Purchase of 1737:

answer

was a fraudulent deal for the Lenni Lenape Indians.

question

What inspired the 1715 uprising by the Yamasee and Creek peoples against English colonists in Carolina?

answer

high debts incurred by the Yamasee and Creek in trade with the English settlers

question

Who finally ended the Salem Witch trials?

answer

the Massachusetts governor

question

Why did the accusations of witchcraft in Salem suddenly snowball in 1692?

answer

The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others.

question

Captain Jacob Leisler, the head of the rebel militia that took control of New York in 1689:

answer

was overthrown and killed in so grisly a manner that the rivalry between his friends and foes polarized New York politics for years.

question

Which of the following best sums up population diversity in colonial British America?

answer

Great Britain originally promoted emigration to the colonies as a means of ridding itself of excess population but cut back in the eighteenth century, opening the colonies to a more diverse group of settlers.

question

When the Virginia House of Burgesses decreed that religious conversion did not release a slave from bondage:

answer

it meant that, under Virginia law, Christians could own other Christians.

question

During the colonial era, Philadelphia:

answer

became home to a varied population of artisans and craftsmen.

question

Who in the Pennsylvania colony was eligible to vote?

answer

a majority of the male population

question

English and Dutch merchants created a well-organized system for \"redemptioners.\" What was this system for?

answer

for carrying indentured German families to America where they would work off their transportation debt

question

According to laws in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake:

answer

free blacks had the right to sue and testify in court.

question

Which man was once a slave, only to be freed and own slaves himself?

answer

Anthony Johson

question

The Glorious Revolution witnessed uprisings in colonial America, including ones in:

answer

New York and Maryland

question

How did the colonial elite view their role in society?

answer

It meant the power to rule--the right of those blessed with wealth and prominence to dominate others.

question

The Charter of Liberties and Privileges in New York:

answer

reflected in part an effort by the British to exert their influence and control over the Dutch.

question

\"Enumerated\" goods:

answer

were colonial products, such as tobacco and sugar, that could only be sold initially in English ports.

question

What sparked a new period of colonial expansion for England in the mid seventeenth century?

answer

the restoration of the monarchy in 1660.

question

William Penn was a member of which religious group?

answer

Quakers

question

The separation of church and state:

answer

existed only in a few colonies.

question

Which one of the following is true of the English West Indies in the seventeenth century?

answer

By the end of the century, the African population far outnumbered the European population on most islands.

question

According to New England Puritans, witchcraft:

answer

resulted from pacts that women made with the devil to obtain supernatural powers or interfere with natural processes.

question

According to the economic theory known as mercantilism:

answer

the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power

question

Spain's Las Siete Partidas, a series of laws touching on slavery:

answer

gave slaves some opportunities to claim rights under the law in the Spain's American empire.

question

Bacon's Rebellion contributed to which of the following in Virginia?

answer

the replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia's plantations

question

North American crops and products:

answer

were part of a commercial trade network that knitted together a far-flung empire.

question

The Scottish and Scotch-Irish immigrants to the colonies:

answer

were often physicians, merchants and teachers.

question

As accusations and executions multiplied in Salem, what was the long-term impact of the witchcraft trials there?

answer

The number of witchcraft prosecutions in Massachusetts declined markedly.

question

What historical evidence demonstrates that blacks were being held as slaves for life by the 1640s?

answer

Property registers list white servants with the number of years they were to work, but blacks (with higher valuations) had no terms of service associated with their names.

question

Bacon's Rebellion was a response to:

answer

worsening economic conditions in Virginia

question

Which of the following was true of small farmers in 1670s Virginia?

answer

The lack of good land, high taxes on tobacco, and falling prices reduced their prospects.

question

Slavery labor in the Chesapeake region increasingly supplanted indentured servitude during the last two decades of the seventeenth century, in part because:

answer

improving conditions in England reduced the number of transatlantic migrants.

question

When England took over the Dutch colony that became New York:

answer

the English ended the Dutch tradition of allowing married women to conduct business in their own names.

question

Carolina grew slowly until:

answer

rice as a staple crop was discovered to be extremely profitable.

question

Which of the following fits the description of a person most likely to have been accused of witchcraft in seventeenth-century New England?

answer

A woman beyond childbearing age who was outspoken, economically independent, or estranged from her husband.

question

Which of the following was true of agriculture in the colonies during the eighteenth century?

answer

Because New York's landlords had taken over so much land, agriculture grew more slowly in New York than in other colonies.

question

Which of the following was true of the colonial elite?

answer

They controlled colonial government.

question

To Quakers, liberty was:

answer

Universal entitlement

question

How did the new Massachusetts charter of 1691 change that colony's government?

answer

It made Massachusetts a royal colony rather than under the control of Puritan saints

question

In its early years, Carolina was the \"colony of a colony\" because its original settlers included many:

answer

landless sons of wealthy planters in Barbados.

question

The Virginia slave code of 1705:

answer

embedded the principle of white supremacy in law.

question

The German migration to the English colonies:

answer

led to the formation of many farming communities.

question

Unlike slavery in America, slavery in Africa:

answer

was more likely to be based in the household than on an agricultural plantation.

question

Great Britain sought to attract which of the following to its American colonies in the eighteenth century?

answer

Protestants from non-English and less prosperous parts of the British Isles.

Meaning of Jesuit

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