HIS112 final – Flashcards
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Between 800 and 1000, Western Europe was (a) reabsorbed briefly into the Byzantine empire. (b) devastated by the "little ice age." (c) divided, invaded, and reorganized.
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(c) divided, invaded, and reorganized.
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Which is an area untouched by Viking raiders? (a) Ireland. (b) Russia. (c) Italy.
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(b) Russia
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In the 9th century, the "Danelaw" was (a) Jutland. (b) part of Sweden then under Danish control. (c) part of Britain then under Danish control.
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(c) part of Britain then under Danish control.
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Alfred the Great (a) united all of non-Danish England under his authority. (b) crowned Charles the Bald in 843. (c) created the new monastic rule known as Alfredism.
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(a) united all of non-Danish England under his authority
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The textbook talks of West and East Francia. Most of West Francia eventually became the kingdom of France. Most of East Francia became part of (a) the Lombard Kingdom. (b) the Magyar imperium. (c) the Holy Roman Empire.
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(c) the Holy Roman Empire.
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Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of early feudalism? (a) public power in private hands. (b) the lord-vassal tie. (c) powerful kingship.
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(c) powerful kingship.
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A critical new technology in the development of feudalism was (a) the heavy, wheeled plow. (b) the stirrup. (c) the longbow.
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(b) the stirrup
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Which match is NOT correct? (a) Louis the Pious: Charlemagne's heir. (b) Otto: Holy Roman Empire. (c) Hugh Capet: Saxony.
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(c) Hugh Capet: Saxony
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Hugh, Earl of Chester died (a) in the Battle of Hastings. (b) in rebellion against his king. (c) as a monk.
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(c) as a monk
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The Treaty of Verdun in 843 (a) established the Papal States. (b) divided Charlemagne's empire among his three grandsons. (c) ended the War of Spanish Succession.
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(b) divided Charlemagne's empire among his three grandsons.
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The ninth and tenth centuries were a time of renewed pressure on Europeans from (a) the imperial ambitions of the Byzantine emperors. (b) Viking raiders, Magyar horsemen, and Muslim pirates. (c) overpopulation and famine.
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(b) Viking raiders, Magyar horsemen, and Muslim pirates.
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Around the year 1000, Italy was (a) united under the Lombard King Ulfrich. (b) politically dominated by bishops and their cities. (c) controlled by the emirs of al-Andalus.
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(b) politically dominated by bishops and their cities.
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In West Francia c. 1000, which BEST describes the political situation? (a) Rule by counts and dukes. (b) Rule by centralized Capetians. (c) Rule by papacy
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(a) Rule by counts and dukes.
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In East Francia c. 1000, which of the following was established? (a) a new Hussite kingdom. (b) a Holy Roman Empire. (c) a Neopolitan Alliance.
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(b) a Holy Roman Empire.
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In Italy c. 1000, (a) autonomous cities dominated their regions. (b) the Byzantine emperor ruled over the entire peninsula. (c) the Lombards held the Papal States.
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(a) autonomous cities dominated their regions.
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The treaty of Verdun in 843 divided (a) Lombardy from Picardy. (b) the Carolingian empire into thirds. (c) Roman Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy.
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(b) the Carolingian empire into thirds.
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Alfred the Great (e. 871-899) began the process of consolidating power in (a) England. (b) France. (c) Germany.
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(a) England.
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The story of Lady Godiva is about (a) bishops and adultery. (b) Coventry and tolls. (c) bandits and ransoms.
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(b) Coventry and tolls.
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Primogeniture means (a) of royal birth. (b) inheritance by first-born son. (c) infants born without original sin.
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(b) inheritance by first-born son.
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Which best summarizes the circumstances of the medieval West, Byzantium, and Islamic states between 1000 and 1300? (a) the West began to prosper, while the fortunes of Byzantium and Islam declined. (b) the Byzantine state remained stable, but al-Andalus expanded at the expense of the medieval West. (c) all three civilizations shrank, thanks to the invasions of the Huns.
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(a) the West began to prosper, while the fortunes of Byzantium and Islam declined.
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Which of the following was NOT a result of the Agricultural Revolution? (a) population growth. (b) women began to outlive men. (c) Europeans began to eat more vegetables than ever before.
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(c) Europeans began to eat more vegetables than ever before.
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Most medieval peasants lived within three critical institutions: manors, villages, and (a) publicans. (b) parishes. (c) confraternities.
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(b) parishes.
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Masters, apprentices and journeymen were regulated by medieval (a) guilds. (b) manors. (c) cathars.
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(a) guilds.
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Burghers or burgesses (a) followed the Bogomil heresy. (b) lived in cities and towns. (c) worked as intermediaries between lords and peasants.
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(b) lived in cities and towns.
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Manorialism allowed medieval elites (a) to extract wealth from the peasantry. (b) to dominate towns as well as the countryside. (c) to recreate the latifundia of Roman times.
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(a) to extract wealth from the peasantry.
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A burgher or burgess c. 1200 would have been found most often in a (a) town. (b) village. (c) castle.
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(a) town.
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Godric of Finchale ended his life as a hermit, but before that he made a fortune as (a) a crusader. (b) a seafaring merchant. (c) the sheriff of Norfolk.
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(b) a seafaring merchant.
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Godric of Finchale lived for 100 years and during his life he was both (a) a pagan and a Christian. (b) a knight and an archbishop. (c) a merchant and a hermit.
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(c) a merchant and a hermit.
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The Central Middle Ages are dated in your textbook as circa (a) 1000-1300. (b) 900-1350 (c) 800-1200.
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(a) 1000-1300.
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Usury was (a) the loaning of money at interest. (b) denial of the presence of Christ in the wine and bread of the mass. (c) a required trait of a good courtly lover.
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(a) the loaning of money at interest.
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Historians talk about a "communal movement" in medieval Europe. The medieval commune (a) gave rise to the first major medieval heresy. (b) was the equivalent of the modern Jewish ghetto. (c) had a charter guaranteeing its own government, courts, taxes, and customs.
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(c) had a charter guaranteeing its own government, courts, taxes, and customs.
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Which came first in the expanding economy of the Central Middle Ages? (a) The demographic revolution. (b) The commercial revolution. (c) The agricultural revolution.
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(c) The agricultural revolution.
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At the castle of Canossa in 1077, what critical event occurred? (a) Emperor Henry IV humbled himself before Pope Gregory VII. (b) King John of England captured Pope Boniface VIII. (c) celibacy was declared as required for all clergy.
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(a) Emperor Henry IV humbled himself before Pope Gregory VII.
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Of all early universities, the greatest was in (a) Rome. (b) Paris. (c) Aachen.
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(b) Paris.
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"Canon" law is (a) military law. (b) ecclesiastical law. (c) manorial law.
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ecclesiastical law
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The struggle of pope and emperor over "lay investiture" concerned (a) laypeople wearing clerical clothing. (b) lay control of Church appointments. (c) lay investment in monastic development.
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(b) lay control of Church appointments.
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The Investiture Controversy involved (a) lay authority over clergy. (b) papal control of central Italy. (c) kings becoming vassals of the pope.
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(a) lay authority over clergy.
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The Papacy reached its greatest power under (a) Urban II, c. 1100. (b) Hadrian IV, c. 1150. (c) Innocent III, c. 1200.
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(c) Innocent III, c. 1200.
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The papalist position argued that the pope was the head of Christendom, the imperialist position argued that the Holy Roman Emperor should rule in matters religious as well as temporal, and the clericalist position argued that (a) a representative assembly of clergy should govern Europe. (b) Church and state should coexist. (c) neither popes not emperors had legitimate authority to govern.
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(b) Church and state should coexist.
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The Gregorian reform is named after Pope Gregory VII who ruled (a) 1073-1085. (b) 1173-1185. (c) 1273-1285.
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(a) 1073-1085.
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The shift "from memory to written record" (a) facilitated the growth of papal power over lordly power. (b) discouraged the growth of municipal schools. (c) speaks to an increase in the use of government and personal documentation.
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(c) speaks to an increase in the use of government and personal documentation.
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In consolidating the Papal States, popes faced (a) rebellions in Rome. (b) difficulties with the Holy Roman Empire. (c) neither. (d) both.
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(d) both.
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Lombardy is located (a) north of Rome. (b) south of Rome. (c) east of Rome. (d) west of Rome.
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(a) north of Rome.
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Which of the following was NOT an object of papal reform? (a) improve the moral character of the clergy. (b) reclaim authority over the Eastern Orthodox Church. (c) limit lay influence over Church matters.
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(b) reclaim authority over the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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Compared to 1000, the papacy in 1300 was (a) more powerful. (b) less powerful. (c) about as powerful.
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(a) more powerful.
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The Fourth Lateran Council meet in 1215. Who presided? (a) Leo III. (b) Boniface VIII. (c) Innocent III.
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(c) Innocent III.
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Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153) is associated with (a) the Cluniac reform. (b) the mendicant reform. (c) the Cistercian reform.
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(c) the Cistercian reform
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The Fourth Lateran Council met in (a) 1115. (b) 1215. (c) 1315.
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(b) 1215.
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The most troubling heretics of the Central Middle Ages were the (a) Cathars. (b) Gugliemites. (c) Poor Men of London.
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(a) Cathars.
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Which match is NOT correct? (a) Poor Clares: nursing. (b) Franciscans: poverty. (c) Dominicans: preaching.
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(a) Poor Clares: nursing.
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Moses Maimonides sought to reconcile Judaism and (a) Christianity. (b) the writings of Aristotle. (c) Islam.
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(b) the writings of Aristotle.
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The carved oak figure known today as the Gero Cross is an example of a shift toward a greater emphasis on (a) Christ's redemptive suffering. (b) the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary. (c) God's harsh judgment.
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(a) Christ's redemptive suffering.
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Talmud, Kabbalah, Maimonides. All these speak to (a) the piety of medieval Jews. (b) Cordoba in the heyday of Al-Andalus. (c) Arabic influence in Christian theology.
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(a) the piety of medieval Jews.
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Which came first? (a) Cistercian monks. (b) Dominican and Franciscan friars. (c) Cluniac monks.
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(c) Cluniac monks.
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John and Giovanni; William and Guglielmo; Thomas and Tommaso. These are examples of (a) the greater value placed on boys, compared to girls. (b) the Europeanization of Europe. (c) the influence of the Hohenstaufen dynasty.
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(b) the Europeanization of Europe.
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The term "Reconquest" is usually used with reference to (a) Christian advance against Muslim lands in Iberia. (b) Christian crusades to their "Holy Land." (c) the sack of Constantinople in 1204.
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(a) Christian advance against Muslim lands in Iberia.
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In the eleventh century, Sicily and the southern Italian peninsula fell under the control of (a) Saracens. (b) Romans. (c) Normans.
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(c) Normans.
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German expansion was mostly to the (a) north. (b) east. (c) west.
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(b) east.
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The First Crusade was preached by Pope Urban II in 1095. It (a) ended in a swamp near Constantinople. (b) captured Jerusalem. (c) was led by Richard the Lion-Hearted.
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(b) captured Jerusalem.
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The "military orders" were designed to accommodate (a) monkly knights. (b) ordinary people who wanted to participate in the crusades. (c) papal legates.
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(a) monkly knights.
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In the history of Jewish-Christian relations in the Middles Ages, the twelfth century marks the beginning of (a) forcing Jews to lend money to Christian businesses. (b) admitting Jewish men to Christian universities. (c) violent persecutions of Jews by Christians.
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(c) violent persecutions of Jews by Christians.
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A great solidier and leader, Richard the Lion-Hearted was also (a) a crusader. (b) a relentless collector of taxes. (c) both.
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(c) both.
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Robert Guiscard and Sichelgaita were associated with (a) Iberia. (b) Ireland. (c) Italy.
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(c) Italy.
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From 1100, Germans began to expand their influence in which direction? (a) westward into Flemish lands. (b) northwards into Danish lands. (c) eastwards into Slavic lands.
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(c) eastwards into Slavic lands.
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The medieval crusader states were established in modern-day (a) Egypt and Libya. (b) Israel, Lebanon, and Syria. (c) Turkey and Saudia Arabia.
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(a) Egypt and Libya.
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After c. 1250, the Holy Roman Empire (a) controlled all of Italy, except the Papal States. (b) fell under the control of the Rus. (c) was a weak confederation.
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(c) was a weak confederation.
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Louis IX of France ruled from 1226 to 1270. He is associated with (a) the establishment of the Salian dynasty. (b) royal sanctity. (c) the convening of the Estates General.
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(b) royal sanctity.
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Blanche of Castile (1182-1252) (a) was a saint and mystic. (b) saved the Capetian monarchy. (c) inspired the Third Crusade in 1204.
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(b) saved the Capetian monarchy.
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Between 1000 and 1300, the Holy Roman Empire (a) merged with France. (b) disintegrated. (c) was replaced by the German Republic.
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(b) disintegrated.
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After 1250, the Italian peninsula was controlled by (a) the papacy. (b) the king of Sicily. (c) regional principalities.
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(c) regional principalities.
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The Angevin Empire refers to lands held by (a) Henry II of England, c. 1175. (b) Philip the Fair of France, c. 1300. (c) Isabella of Spain, c. 1250.
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(a) Henry II of England, c. 1175.
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Between 1000 and 1300, monarchs in France (a) disappeared. (b) exercised power only in the region surrounding Paris. (c) triumphed.
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(b) exercised power only in the region surrounding Paris.
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Edward I subdued Wales, devastated Scotland, and (a) used parliament to make new law. (b) invaded France. (c) created the first income tax.
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(a) used parliament to make new law.
