question

What was the basis for the bishop of Rome's claims to superior authority in christendom?

answer

Jesus's statement to the disciple Peter that "you are Peter and on this rock I will build my church" better known as the "Petrine Authority"

question

Emperor Justinian's most lasting achievement was

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the codification of Roman law in CorpusJuris Civilis

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Saint Augustine began writing the City of God in response in the

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Sake of Rome

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As the ancient world collapsed, Christianity

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All of the above- preserved elements of Greco-Roman civilization; was a dynamic and creative force in decaying society; became the essential shaper of the civilization to come

question

Jesus has been referred to as Christ because he-

answer

was the Lord's anointed

question

A central factor in the decline of the Roman Empire was the

answer

high cost defending the empire

question

All of the following aspects of the Roman Empire facilitated the spread of Christianity from

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the active persecution of Christianity from the very beginning by the Roman state gave the faith an added quality of nobility

question

Of the societies we have studied, Germanic society has the most parallels with

answer

the heroic society described in Homer's epics (early Greeks)

question

The earliest surviving Christian writings are

answer

Saint Paul's Epistles

question

What were the three central ingredients of the Early middle ages in the West?

answer

late Roman civilization, Christianity, and German

question

What was the main accomplishment off the Nicean Code?

answer

it set out a list of beliefs that all Christians needed to hold

question

The first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity was

answer

Constantine

question

What prevented the East Germans from becoming full members of the Roman world they occupied?

answer

religious differences

question

Although the Byzantine Empire lasted until 1453, it lost

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All of the above- Spain to the Visigoths; Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and North Africa to the Arabs; territories in Italy to the Ostrogoths, Lombards, and Normans

question

Why do some historians believe that the Merovingians belong to the final phase of the ancient world?

answer

the Merovingians still operated within the contours of the decaying empire

question

Over the long run, the Merovingian was of succession shifted power from Kings to

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nobles

question

The Shiites

answer

believe the right to govern the Islamic world belongs to the descendants of Ali, the son-in-law of the prophet

question

The founders of the Carolingian line were

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Pepin of Landen and Bishop Amulf of Metz

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Charles Martel's victory in 732 stopped the advance into Western Europe of the

answer

Muslims from Spain

question

Within little more than a century of its founding, Islam

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All of the above- united all the tribes of Europe; developed its holy book; spread as far as Spain in the West and India in the East

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Byzantine identity was thoroughly

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Greek with a little Latin influence

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Who did the Pope crown as emperor of the Romans in AD 800

answer

Charlemagne

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When Western Europe reached the point of greater disorganization in the 6th century, which of the following brought order to the chaos?

answer

religion

question

What does the word Islam mean?

answer

submission to the will of God

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The new European civilization that emerged in Europe during the Middle Ages

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All of the above- had Christianity as its unter; was predominantly Gernanic in its social and legal relationships; would produce the intellectual and material breakthroughs that made the world modern

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How did the first crusaders and their successors survive in the Holy Land?

answer

through peaceful co-existence with the Muslim population

question

The ideology of Vassalage glorified

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service and loyalty

question

An issue in the investiture controversy was the

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right of secular rulers to appoint and confirm bishops

question

The Norman conquest of England

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Ultimately remade England by making it feudal under French speaking kings

question

What was the central issue in the conflict that emerged between the papacy and the empire after the death of emperor Henry III?

answer

the election of Popes

question

Crusade was a vehicle promoted bu the papacy for reinforcing

answer

European and Papal identity

question

The effects of the viking onslaught on Europe included

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All of the above- economic collapse; disappearance of royal authority; renewal of the decentralization process begun with the decline of Rome

question

In the Middle Ages various popes used which of the following to subordinate Kings to their will?

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All of the above- excommunication; the interdict; decrees

question

The first great pan-European style of the architecture is called

answer

Romanesque

question

Increased grain production led to

answer

All of the above- less starvation; more meat, milk, maure; more possiblities for trade and revival of town life

question

What was the outcome of the fourth crusade?

answer

the conquest of the Byzantine Empire by Western crusades

question

Why did burghes and merchants in many towns in France, the Netherlands, and Italy set out their rights in charters?

answer

to ensure their relative freedom from noble and church interference

question

According to the author of the textbook, the most important sign of breakdown in the Middle Ages was

answer

the decline of the papacy

question

The plague most likely reached Europe via

answer

merchant shops in the Mediterranean

question

One may say of the Battle of Crecy that is

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illustrated dramatically the power of the long bow

question

Guilds performed all of the following functions except

answer

encouraging competition

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Which is true about the Great Schism?

answer

at one time there were three men who claimed to be pope

question

The usual pattern in the High Middle Ages was for peasant rebellions to occur

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during economic troubles when nobles and kings broke with tradition and increased their demands

question

How did Europe integrate and make sense of the mass of ancient knowledge flooding the West?

answer

through the creation of the university

question

The general term for the intellectual movement of university thinkers of the period between 1150 and 1350 is

answer

scholasticism

question

The feudal tradition contributed to later development of the idea of liberty because

answer

vassals possessed personal rights that the lord was legally bound to respect

question

Why did so many insurrections break out in Europe after the plague?

answer

they were a product of the raised expectations of the lower classes

question

How did the first crusaders and their successors surivive in the Holy Land?

answer

through peaceful co-existence with the Muslim population

question

All of the following technological innovations increased European agriculture productivity in the Middle Ages EXCEPT

answer

the introduction of oxen for ploughing

question

In 1381, English peasants rebelled in response to

answer

new laws tying them to the land and increased taxes

question

All of following statements about Joan of Arc are true EXCEPT

answer

as the name indicates her family was noble

question

During the late Middle Ages

answer

All of the above- societies experienced crop failure, famine, starvation war, and rebellion; the population fell, many villages were abandoned and many were unemployed; Italy experienced a major new cultural movement

question

The word renaissance means

answer

rebirth

question

Secularism in the Italian Renaissance meant

answer

preoccupation with life in the world

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The renaissance originated in

answer

the city-states of northern Italy

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The painter of the ceiling at the Vatican's Sistine Chapel

answer

Michaelangelo

question

In the 'The Prince,' Machiavelli states that

answer

All of the above- a successful prince must be both wiley and virtuous but must always appear virtuous, even when he is not; a new army comprised of citizens is necessary to free Italy of its invaders; it is more important to know how politics and government actually operate than how ideally they should be run

question

The distinctly modern outlook developed

answer

from the Italian Renaissance through the age of Enlightenment

question

Which could be described as a universal or renaissance man?

answer

Leonardo Da Vinci

question

Who was a printer in Mainze, Germany who is associated with the development of the printing press

answer

Johann Gutenberg

question

The renaissance may refer to

answer

All of the above- a cultural movement that attempted to recover and use ancient Greco- Roman learning; a movement that spread from Italy to the rest of Europe beginning in the late 15th century; the period from 1350 and 1600

question

Patronage of the arts in Renaissance Italy served

answer

to manifest the power of the patron to focus on civic patron; to provide justification of power

question

What tools and skills developed in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries enabled the European voyages of exploration?

answer

changes in ship building resulted in ships that were stronger, lighter, and faster and improvements in navigational technology

question

Which explorer first surveyed the Indian Ocean?

answer

Zheng He

question

The most important factor in the Spanish conquest of Mexico and Peru was

answer

European disease

question

Sugar growers in the New World turned to Africa as a slave source because

answer

All of the above- the great decline in the number of Indians made Columbus's suggestion of enslaving Indians impractical; Africans had a greater resistance to European diseases then the Indians; some African chiefs found that they could profit enormously through this trade

question

What did Columbus hope to achieve by sailing west across the Atlantic?

answer

he sought to reach Asia

question

The age of exploration and commercial expansion

answer

All of the above- created a rudimentary world economy; set the stage for European domination of most of the globe by 1900; contributed to unprecedented dynamisn in European Civilization

question

Encomiendas were

answer

royal grants of authority over a piece of land and its Native American residents

question

What made the Eastern Mediterranean and the Silk Road and largely inaccessible to Europeans in the fifteenth century?

answer

the rise of the ottoman Empire

question

All of the following helped cause the Age of European Exploration EXCEPT?

answer

the Mughals' continued encroachment into central Europe

question

How did the Portuguese obtain most of their African slaves?

answer

by trading European goods for slaves through African agents

question

Which of the following best summarizes the political consequences of Luther's split with Rome?

answer

the German princes allied themselves with Martin Luther against Emperor and Pope

question

The Jesuits used all of the following in their campaign against Protestantism EXCEPT

answer

compromise with the Protestants

question

In catholic practice at the beginning of the 16th century, indulgences referred to

answer

cancellation of punishment for sins for cash payments

question

Calvinist ethics were most compatible with

answer

capitalism

question

For Luther the final religious authority was

answer

the Bible

question

English Calvinists were known as

answer

Puritans

question

Luther's idea spread rapidly in 16th century Europe

answer

All of the above- because several important German princes adopted them in their Kingdoms; because printing press produced many pamphlets allowing Luther's ideas to spread quickly; they offered a solution to how do I know I am scared?

question

Which depicts Europe Circa 1550- the dark shaded area most likely represents the religions

answer

under Protestant influence

question

Martin Luther's criticism of the Roman Catholic Church was greated aided by

answer

the printing press

question

The Weber Thesis attempted to draw connections between the rise of Calvinism and the rise of

answer

Capitalism

question

The founder of the Protestant Reformation was the

answer

German- Martin Luther

question

Who benefited most from the religious controversy generated by the Reformation?

answer

centralizing monarchs, because they gained more independent authority

question

The core issue in Luther's protest against the Catholic Church was

answer

church's failure to teach the doctrine of salvation by faith alone

question

In the debate on the relationship of Protestantism and Capitalism

answer

all of these

question

The peace of Augsburg temporarily stopped violence by

answer

giving each ruler the power to determine which religion would be allowed in his territory

question

The Black Death that struck Europe in the middle the fourteenth century originated in-

answer

Mongolia

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