Hematology: Practice Test for Exam 1 – Flashcards
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A peripheral blood smear made with a proper technique should contain what three parts (in alphabetical order)?
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Body, Feathered edge, Monolayer
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True/False: One can reliably estimate the red cell density of the smear as being decreased, normal or increased with practice
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True
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True/False: Estimating absolute numbers of RBCs is not a wise pursuit since variability in manual preparation of the smear is common
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True
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True/False: Rouleaux formation is considered typical for the dog
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False
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True/False: Canine eosinophils have granules that often appear vacuolated and are of variable size unlike other species
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True
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What are the 3 blood cell lineages in alphabetical order?
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Erythroid, lymphoid, myeloid
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Name the blood cells that are included in the erythroid lineage?
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Erythrocytes
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Name the blood cells that are included in the lymphoid lineage?
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B-cells, NK cells, T-cells
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Name the blood cells that are included in the myeloid lineage (in alphabetical order)?
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Basophils, Eosinophils, Macrophages/Monocytes, Neutrophils
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Bonus: What is the cell lineage of thrombocytes/platelets? (hint: what cell gives rise to thrombocytes?)
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Megakaryocytic
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What is the primary function of Neutrophils?
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Phagocytosis
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What is the normal kinetic flow of neutrophils?
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Marrow to blood to tissue
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What are the 3 pools of neutrophils in the blood and their respective time frames?
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Proliferating (2-3 days), Maturing (2-3 days), Storage (5 days)
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What are the two pools of neutrophils in the blood?
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Freely circulating (8-12 hrs), Marginating
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Abnormal maturation of neutrophils in the bone marrow leads to what kind of neutrophil?
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Toxic neutrophil
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What are the features of toxic neutrophils (4)?
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Basophilic cytoplasm, Bizarre nuclear morphology, Dohle bodies, Giantism,
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In which part of a peripheral blood smear should rouleaux, agglutination, and microfilaria be evaluated?
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Body
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In which part of a peripheral blood smear should number and morphology of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets be evaluated?
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Monolayer
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In which part of a peripheral blood smear should platelet clumps, large cells, and microfilaria be evaluated?
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Feathered edge
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Choose the correct option: To perform a leukocyte differential count, identify the leukocytes for a total of 100 or 200 cells. Determine the percentage/average for each leukocyte and then multiply this percentage/average by the total WBC count per μl to obtain the absolute count of each WBC.
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Percentage (both answers)
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Greater than what range of platelets is considered normal/adequate for a 100x objective?
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8-10 (6-7 platelets/100x objective is considered low (slightly decreased) and 3-4 platelets/100x objective is considered very low (decreased or significantly decreased))
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To estimate the absolute platelet number (platelets/μl) on a peripheral blood smear, one can use what formula?
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Number of platelets/HPF X 20,000 = number of platelets/μl
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What is the embryonic site of blood cell production?
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Yolk sac
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What are the early fetal development sites of blood cell production (in alphabetical order)?
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Liver, spleen
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What are the late fetal development and adult sites of blood cell production (in alphabetical order)?
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Bone marrow, peripheral lymphoid organs
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What is the avian site of blood cell production (Hint: contains a "B" word and a "F" word)?
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Bursa of Fabrcius
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What is the site of T lymphocyte production (also starts with a "T")?
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Thymus
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True/False: Marrow is redder in younger animals
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True
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What is the marrow production time of basophils?
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24-36 hrs
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What is the blood transit time of basophils
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18-24 hrs
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True/False: Lymphocytes have one circulation pattern
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False
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What is unique about monocyte bone marrow storage?
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No storage pool in marrow
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Choose the correct word: Macrophages are short/long lived in inflamed tissue.
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Short
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If you had an increase in immature neutrophils with a normal neutrophil count that would be ____ left shift.
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Degenerative
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If ____ are present there is evidence of systemic toxemia.
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Toxic neutrophils
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What bone would you avoid in a growing dog/cat for a bone biopsy?
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Humerus
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What is the production time for erythropoiesis?
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4-6 days
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In erythropoiesis, what is the name of the cell that comes after rubricyte and before polychromatophilic erythrocyte?
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Metarubricyte
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What is the normal myeloid to erythroid ratio?
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1:1
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What is the term for pancytopenia with the absence of active marrow?
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Aplastic anemia
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Gram negative endotoxemia, drug induced side effects, and tissue necrosis are causes of?
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Myelotoxicity
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What condition occurs when the bone marrow undergoes severe damage resulting in collagen deposition?
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Myelofibrosis
