HEED 300 ch. 14, 15, 16 exam – Flashcards
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How many chambers does the heart have?
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4
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The right ventricle of the heart
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pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
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The leading cause of death in the United States is
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cardiovascular disease.
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Which of the following statements about atherosclerosis is FALSE?
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It is an irreversible process.
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Guillermo had a myocardial infarction; in other words, Guillermo had a(n)
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heart attack
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Which of the following statements regarding symptoms of heart attacks is FALSE?
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All symptoms occur in all cases
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A blood clot that develops at a distant site and then travels to a blood vessel where it becomes lodged and blocks blood flow is called a(n)
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embolism
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Which of the following conditions, with sudden onset, is NOT a signal that a stroke has occurred?
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ringing ears
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Which of the following statements about peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is FALSE?
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PVD is often fatal in older adults.
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Kevin woke up and had difficulty speaking. He went to the hospital and, several hours later, his speech was back to normal. What medical condition best describes Kevin's situation?
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transient
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What is the condition in which the heart does not pump blood as well as it should and blood and fluid backs up into the lungs?
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congestive heart failure
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The optimal range for blood pressure levels is
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systolic, less than 120; and diastolic, less than 80.
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Which of the following ethnic population groups has the highest rate of hypertension?
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Black
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Perhaps the most important noncontrollable risk factor for cardiovascular disease is
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age.
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Which of the following is NOT a noncontrollable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
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personality traits
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Which of the following statements regarding differences between men and women with heart disease is FALSE?
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If a woman has a heart attack
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Which of the following is NOT one of the major controllable risk factors known to increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease?
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vitamin deficiency
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Elevated levels of which type of lipoprotein are clearly associated with atherosclerosis?
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LDLs
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Which type of lipoprotein takes cholesterol from cells or atherosclerotic deposits back to the liver?
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HDLs
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Which of the following statements regarding high density lipoproteins (HDLs) is FALSE?
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HDL levels vary greatly with age.
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What is the leading controllable risk factor for all forms of cardiovascular disease?
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tobacco use
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Which of the following statements regarding tobacco and cardiovascular risk is FALSE?
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Tobacco decreases levels of LDL cholesterol.
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Which of the following statements is true?
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Secondhand tobacco smoke
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Which of the following statements regarding cardiovascular health and diabetes is FALSE?
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People with diabetes are less likely
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High blood levels of the amino acid ________ have been linked to increased risks of cardiovascular disease.
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homocysteine
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Which of the following statements regarding tobacco use and cardiovascular disease is FALSE?
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Smoking effects
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Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of cerebrovascular disease is FALSE?
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Clot-dissolving medications can be used for all types of strokes.
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An electrocardiogram, or EKG, is used to visualize what?
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electrical activity
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During which surgical procedure is a balloon catheter threaded into the narrowed area of a closed vessel and inflated to stretch the vessel open again?
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angioplasty
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Marian recently went through a surgery in which blood vessels were taken from her legs and then attached to her coronary arteries to allow blood to flow around some narrowed vessels. Which surgical procedure was performed on Marian?
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coronary artery bypass grafting
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A diet that supports cardiovascular health does NOT emphasize which of the following?
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high-fat dairy
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Visceral fat, as indicated by abdominal circumference and lack of physical activity, appears to be a strong indicator of risk for which type of diabetes?
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Type-2
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A combination of insulin resistance, hypertension, high lipids, and central obesity represents what medical syndrome?
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metabolic syndrome
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In the United States, ________ people are at high risk of developing diabetes in the next 10 years.
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87 million
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Type-1 diabetes is caused by
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the destruction of insulin
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Which type of diabetes is NOT associated with obesity?
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Type-1
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Type-2 diabetes accounts for ________ of all cases of diabetes.
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90 to 95 percent
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The two most common forms of chronic lung disease are asthma and
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COPD.
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Which of the following chronic lung diseases could be indicated if you have the following symptoms: an ongoing cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness?
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asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema
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A person with which of the following is most likely to require supplemental oxygen in later stages?
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emphysema
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Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding treatments for asthma?
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Inhaled steroids are used during asthma attacks.
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Cells that are capable of unlimited division and retain the ability to become different cell types are called
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stem cells.
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Which of the following is NOT a safety mechanism in place to help maintain cell order and decrease the chance of cancer developing in the body?
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initiating event
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Which of the following does NOT trigger an initiating event?
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stem cell protection
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What determines which type of cancer an individual is diagnosed with?
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the tissue in which a cancer
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The most common form of cancer, ________, is a large category of cancers that originate from epithelial tissue.
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carcinoma
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Kyle has a cancer of the lymph nodes or glands. What type of cancer does Kyle have?
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lymphoma
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Craig recently passed away from a cancer that started in his bone marrow. What type of cancer caused Craig's death?
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leukemia
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The most significant risk for most cancers is
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age
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Which of the following is NOT a source of ionizing radiation?
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UVA rays
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Certain environmental conditions can increase one's likelihood of being exposed to carcinogens and developing cancer. Which of the following is NOT an environment that increases one's exposure to carcinogens?
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dense forests
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Which of the following statements regarding tobacco use and cancer is FALSE?
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Smokers are no more likely to die
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Which of the following statements about diet's effect on cancer is FALSE?
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Diets high in fiber
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Which of the following statements about sun exposure is FALSE?
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Sunburns during adulthood
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Many naturally occurring environmental exposures increase risk for cancer. Residents in many parts of North America are exposed to low levels of the radioactive gas ________ in their homes, particularly in homes with basements.
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radon
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Which of the following infection-to-cancer-type associations is NOT correct?
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hepatitis B to skin cancer
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Which of the following statements about reproductive behaviors' effects on cancer rates is FALSE?
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Pregnancy appears to increase
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The leading cause of cancer death is attributed to what type of cancer?
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lung
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Mary Lou's cancer began in her skin and then spread to her liver and brain. What type of cancer does Mary Lou likely have?
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melanoma
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The genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with an increased risk for what type of cancer?
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breast
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Which of the following statements regarding lung cancer is FALSE?
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Chest X-rays are recommended
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Which of the following is NOT among the risk factors for breast cancer?
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late onset of menarche
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that decreases the risk for breast cancer?
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use of hormone replacement therapy
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Hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk for which of the following conditions?
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colon cancer
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Which of the following is NOT a strong risk factor for ovarian cancer?
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use of oral contraceptive pills
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Which cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in men and the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men (excluding skin cancer)?
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prostate cancer
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Which of the following statements regarding prostate cancer is FALSE?
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Most warning signs occur
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One of the main screening tests available for prostate cancer is the ________ test.
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PSA
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Which of the following statements about colon cancer is FALSE?
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Postmenopausal women
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Colon cancer screening tests include all of the following EXCEPT the
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colon-specific
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Risk for endometrial cancer is increased by all of the following EXCEPT
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having multiple sex partners.
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Which of the following statements about ovarian cancer is FALSE?
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Women with a genetic predisposition
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Which of the following is NOT a type of skin cancer?
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sarcoma
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Tanning lamps emit mostly UV radiation that is associated with signs of skin aging, such as wrinkling and sagging. In addition, which of the following skin cancers have been associated with tanning beds?
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melanoma, basal cell, and squamous cell
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Which of the following statements regarding basal and squamous cell skin cancer is FALSE?
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Rates of both cancers are decreasing
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Recommended ways of reducing sun exposure include staying out of the sun during midday (10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.), wearing protective clothing (including a hat to shade the face and neck, long sleeves, and long pants), and using sunscreen with a sun protective factor (SPF) of ________ or higher.
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15
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The common features of a red, scaly area with a non-healing sore describe which type of skin cancer?
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squamous cell
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When evaluating skin for changes in moles, which of the following is NOT a characteristic to be concerned about?
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frequency
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Which of the following statements about cancer screening tests is true?
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Genetic screening is reserved
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Belinda recently completed a treatment program for breast cancer. For the last year, she took a drug treatment that worked to interfere with rapid cell division. What type of cancer treatment did Belinda undergo?
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chemotherapy
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Approximately how many people living in the United States have had cancer?
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14 million
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What is the leading cause of unintentional injury death for Americans at all ages?
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motor vehicle crashes
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Which of the following statements about motor vehicle injuries is FALSE?
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The proportion of speeding
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of distraction when driving?
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auditory
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Airbags are an example of
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passive restraints.
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All children age ________ and younger should ride in the back seat.
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13
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Which of the following statements regarding pedestrian safety is FALSE?
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Most pedestrian deaths
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Which of the following statements about water safety is FALSE?
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There are no laws in place
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Which of the following is NOT an important safety-promoting behavior for riding a bike?
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following the specific traffic laws
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Which of the following is NOT a primary reason for ATV injury and death in the U.S.?
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moderate speeds
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What is the most common cause of injury visits to the emergency room for younger children and older adults?
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falls
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How often should batteries be replaced in battery-powered smoke detectors?
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every 6 to 12 months
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What causes the majority of back injuries?
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poor lifting technique
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Rates of violent crime in the United States are similar to those in many other developed countries, EXCEPT for
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homicide
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Which of the following statements about violent crime is true?
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Violence is more common
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Which law requires colleges and universities receiving federal funding to disclose information about crime on and around their campus?
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Jeanne Clery
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Which term describes deliberate mental or physical discomfort, embarrassment, or ridicule imposed as a requirement for joining an organization?
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hazing
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Which of the following describes a verbal, written, or symbolic act that conveys a grossly negative view of a particular person or group based on that person or group's gender, ethnicity, race, religion, sexual orientation, or disability?
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hate speech
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What is the predominant trigger for violent acts on campus?
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current or former relationships
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Which of the following is used as a date-rape drug?
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GHB
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Which of the following statements about stalking patterns in the United States is FALSE?
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There are laws to protect
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The majority of sexual harassment claims result from which form of harassment?
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hostile environment
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A person who is sexually attracted to and aroused by children is a
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pedophile.
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The cycle of abuse in an intimate relationship that is characterized by escalating tension, a violent episode, and a period of lowered tension and nonviolence is known as
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battered woman
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Who of the following are most likely to be victims of child abuse?
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infants
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All of the following are part of the cycle of domestic violence EXCEPT
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self-assertion.
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All of the following are widely protected classes in situations of hate crime EXCEPT
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gender.
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Which of the following statements about hate crimes is true?
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Hate crimes against lesbian
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What is the category of victimization defined as the imposition of sexual activity on someone through the threat of nonphysical force?
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sexual coercion
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Which of the following statements about sexual assault is FALSE?
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Most sexual assault victims
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Violence directed against persons or property for the purpose of instilling fear and helplessness is called
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terrorism
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Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution has repeatedly surfaced in the gun control debate?
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Second
