Health Semester Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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What are the 3 elements of health?
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1. Physical health 2. Mental/emotional health 3. Social health
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_____ is the overall state of well-being
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Health
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What are personal habits or behaviors related to the way a person lives?
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Lifestyle factors
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List five lifestyle factors
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1. Getting eight hours of sleep each night 2. Starting a day with a healthy breakfast 3. Eating a variety of nutritious foods each day 4. Being physically active for 30 to 60 minutes most days of the week 5. Maintaining a healthy weight
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What are related risks that increase in effect with each added risk?
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Cumulative risks
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Define risk behaviors
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Actions that can potentially threaten your health or the health of others
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Define prevention
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Taking steps to keep something from happening or getting worse
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What is a nationwide plan for health promotion and disease prevention designed to help improve the health of all people in the United States?
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Healthy People
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What are all the traits that are biologically passed from parent to child?
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Heredity
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Describe a person who has good mental health
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They enjoy challenges that help them grow, accept responsibility for their actions, have a sense of control over their lives, can express their emotions in appropriate ways, usually can deal with life's stresses and frustrations, generally have a positive outlook, and make thoughtful and responsible decisions
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An achievement to work toward?
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Goal
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List the six stages of the goal setting process
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1. Set a specific, realistic goal and write it down 2. List the steps you will take to reach your goal 3. Identify sources of help and support 4. Set a reasonable time frame for achieving your goal 5. Evaluate your progress by establishing checkpoints 6. Reward yourself for achieving your goal
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What is the difference between a short term goal and a long term goal?
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A short-term goal is a goal that you can reach in a short period of time and a long-term goal is a goal that you can plan to reach over an extended period of time
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Define decision making skills
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Steps that enable you to make a healthful decision
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List the six steps of the decision making process
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1. State the situation 2. List the options 3. Weigh the possible outcomes 4. Consider values 5. Make a decision and act on it 6. Evaluate the decision
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Ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important are called _____
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Values
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If a teen refuses to do drugs, they are using _____
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refusal skills
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Draw and label Maslow's hierarchy of needs
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5. Reaching potential - need for self-actualization 4. Feeling recognized - need to achieve, need to be recognized 3. Belonging - need to love and be loved, need to belong 2. Safety - need to be secure from danger 1. Physical - need to satisfy basic needs of hunger, thirst, sleep, and shelter
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What is the most basic of all needs?
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Physical needs
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Which term names a complex set of characteristics that makes you unique?
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Personality
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_____ _____ is achieved when a person reaches his or her potential
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Self actualization
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What is self esteem?
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How much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself
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Give an example of high self esteem and low self esteem
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High self esteem - valuing yourself Low self esteem - not valuing yourself
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Define stress
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The reaction of the body and mind to everyday challenges and demands
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Why do mental disorders often go untreated?
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People feel embarrassed, ashamed, and/or worry about a stigma
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What are some signs and symptoms of schizophrenia?
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Delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorders
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What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?
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A psychologist is a professional who diagnoses and treats emotional and behavioral disorders with counseling and a psychiatrist is a physician who diagnoses and treats mental disorders and can prescribe medications
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Define cluster suicides
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Series of suicides occurring within a short period of time and involving several people in the same school or community
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List four warning signs of someone who may be suicidal
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1. Direct statements such as "I wish I were dead" 2. Indirect statements such as "I can't take it anymore" 3. Writing poems, song lyrics, or diary entries that deal with death 4. Direct or indirect suicide threats
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Define the defense mechanism regression
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Returning to behaviors characteristic of a younger age, rather than dealing with problems in a mature manner
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Define the defense mechanism rationalization
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Making excuses to explain a situation or behavior, rather than taking a responsibility for it
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Define the defense mechanism suppression
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Consciously and intentionally pushing unpleasant feelings out of one's mind
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Define the defense mechanism compensation
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Making up for weakness and mistakes through gift giving, hard work, or extreme efforts
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List three examples of emotions
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1. Happiness 2. Sadness 3. Love
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Which disorder is characterized by persistent thoughts, fears, or urgings leading to uncontrollable repetitive behavior?
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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What are three examples of an anxiety disorder?
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1. Phobia 2. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 3. Panic Disorder
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Which type of disorder is characterized by patterns of behavior in which the rights of others or basic social rules are violated?
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Conduct disorder
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Define schizophrenia
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Mental disorder in which a person loses contact with reality
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List some symptoms of depression
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Changes in thinking, changes in feelings, changes in behavior
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List three possible ways to treat depression
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1. Taking medication 2. Making changes in the home or school environment 3. Counseling
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What is the difference between a mood disorder and a personality disorder
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A mood disorder is an illness that involves mood extremes that interfere with everyday living and someone with a personality disorder is unable to regulate their emotions
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Define stigma
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Mark of shame or disapproval that results in an individual being shunned or rejected by others
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Define Dietary Guidelines for Americans
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Set of recommendations about smart eating and physical activity for all Americans
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In MyPyramid each colored band represents a _____
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different food group
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What disease is associated with unhealthful weight gain?
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Type 2 diabetes
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Define calories
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Units of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food
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Any substance in food that the body needs is _____
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a nutrient
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List the six basic nutrients
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1. Proteins 2. Fats 3. Vitamins 4. Minerals 5. Water 6. Carbohydrates
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Which nutrients are sometimes water-soluble and sometimes fat soluble?
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Vitamins
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What percentage of your daily calories should come from fat?
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Less than 25%-35%
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List three types of carbohydrates
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1. Simple 2. Complex 3. Fiber
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List three foods that are high in fiber
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1. Vegetables 2. Whole grains 3. Nuts
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What does your body break calories down into?
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Their simplest forms, usually glucose
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What percentage of your daily calories should come from protein?
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10%-15%
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What is the process by which the body breaks down substances and gets energy from food?
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Metabolism
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Define cross-contamination
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Spreading of pathogens from one food to another
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Define BMI
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Measure of body weight relative to height
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Skinfold testing can be used to measure _____
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BMI
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List the fat soluble vitamins
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A, D, E, K
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List the water soluble vitamins
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B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, folic acid
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What is cholesterol?
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Waxy, fatlike substance
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What is the body's most essential nutrient?
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Water
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Describe the eating disorder bulimia
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Involves cycles of overeating and purging, or attempts to rid the body of food
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Describe the eating disorder anorexia
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Irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves
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What is the nutrient found in salt, which is often linked with high blood pressure?
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Sodium
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If individuals increase their muscle mass, the number of calories they burn while they rest will _____
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increase
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Define osteoporosis
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Condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily
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List some physical benefits of exercise
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Strengthens your muscles and bones, boosts your energy level, improves your posture
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Which principle of fitness involves gradually increasing the demands on your body?
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Progression
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What is a reasonable rate of weight loss per week?
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1-2 pounds a week
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Define aerobic exercises
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All rhythmic activities that use large muscle groups for an extended period of time
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Give three examples of aerobic exercise
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1. Jogging 2. Swimming 3. Riding a bike
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Define anaerobic exercise
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Intense, short bursts of activity in which the muscles work so hard that they produce energy without using oxygen
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Give two examples of anaerobic exercise
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1. Sprinting 2. Lifting weights
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Stretching exercises improve what aspect of fitness?
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Flexibility
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Define exercise
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Purposeful physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive, and that improves or maintains physical fitness
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When is the best time to stretch during an exercise session?
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During a cool-down
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List three symptoms of hypothermia
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1. Drowsiness 2. Weakness 3. Confusion
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Is a sprain a major injury?
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No
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List three examples of fad diets
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1. Miracle foods 2. Magic combinations 3. Liquid diets
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What is the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves?
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Nicotine
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List four long term effects of tobacco
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1. Brain chemistry changes 2. Respiration and heart rate increase 3. Taste buds are dulled and appetite is reduced 4. Users have bad breath, yellowed teeth, and smelly hair, skin, and clothes
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What effect does smoking have on blood vessels?
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It constricts them
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What is a carcinogen?
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A cancer-causing substance
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Leukoplakia can develop into what condition?
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Oral cancer
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List four long term effects of tobacco use
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1. Chronic bronchitis 2. Emphysema 3. Lung cancer 4. Coronary heart disease and stroke
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What is ETS?
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Air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke
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What are some ways to reduce the effects of ETS?
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Establish smoke-free areas, make a rule that smokers go outside, open windows
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Which organ oxidizes alcohol?
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Liver
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What is fermentation?
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The chemical amount of yeast on sugars
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What is BAC?
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The amount of alcohol in a person's blood, expressed as a percentage
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List and describe the three stages of alcoholism
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1. Abuse: Alcoholism may begin with social drinking. A physical and psychological dependence develops. The person may experience memory loss and blackouts, and may begin to lie or make excuses to justify his or her drinking. 2. Dependence: The person cannot stop drinking and is physically dependent on alcohol. The drinker tries to hide the problem, but performance on the job, at school, and at home suffers. 3. Addiction: In the final stage of alcoholism, the person is addicted. At this stage, the liver may be already damaged, and so less alcohol may be required to cause drunkenness. If the alcoholic stopped drinking, he or she would experience severe withdrawal symptoms.
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Define FAS
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A group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems
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Children with fetal alcohol syndrome tend to have what characteristics?
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Small head and deformities of face, hands, or feet; heart, liver, and kidney defects; vision and hearing problems; central nervous system problems, developmental disabilities, and poor coordination; difficulties in learning and short attention span; hyperactivity, anxiety, and social withdrawal
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Alcohol interferes with the liver's ability to _____
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Metabolize
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Define intoxication
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The state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance, and the person's physical and mental control is significantly reduced
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In most states, "Driving While Intoxicated" is defined as having a blood concentration of _____
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0.08%
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List some short term risks of alcohol
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Slows reaction time, impairs vision, diminishes judgment
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List four long term effects of alcohol use
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1. Damage to brain cells and a reduction in brain size 2. Increase in blood pressure, which may lead to a heart attack or stroke 3. Build up of fat cells in the liver, which can lead to cell death 4. Destruction of the pancreas
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Define binge drinking
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Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks in one sitting
