Health Science 1 Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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Who developed a vaccine for smallpox?
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Edward Jenner
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Who discovered milk pasteurization
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Louis Pasteur.
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Who founded the Red Cross
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clara barton
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Who began the professional education for nurses?
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Florence Nightengale
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Communication is the exchange of_______, ________, ________, & ________
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information, thoughts, feelings, ideas
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4 factors that must be avoided interfering with the communication process
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message must be clear & in a concise matter - receiver must be able to understand the message - receiver must be able to hear and receive the message - interruptions/distractions
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3 Parts of Communication
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sender, receiver, message
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Why does reflecting statements back to the speaker help in the communication process?
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It shows that you were listening and that you understand.
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Nonverbal communication involves the use of ______, ______, and _______ to convey messages or ideas.
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facial expressions, body language, touch to
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Why is it important to observe a person's nonverbal behavior?
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It's important part of any communication process, and the receiver is more likely to understand. Also messages should match (Nonverbal & verbal) to see if it's completely true.
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Identify 3 nonverbal ways a person can convey interest and caring
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- touch of the hand - pat on the back - firm hand shake - hug
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3 common causes of Communication Barriers
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Physical (disabilities), psychological (attitudes & prejudice), and Cultural (diversity)
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What is a common cause of anger or negative attitude?
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fear
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Ways you can deal with an angry patient
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- avoid arguing - remain calm - allow patients to express their fears or anger - remember that each person has the right to a good care & considerate treatment - show respect - see beyond the surface attitude to the human being underneath
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What is culture?
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It consists of values, beliefs, attitudes, & customs shared by a group of people and passed from one generation to the next
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3 main barriers created by cultural diversity
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beliefs and practices regarding health & illness - language differences - eye contact and touch
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4 senses a health care worker can use to make observations
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- sight - smell - touch - hearing
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Differentiate between subjective and objective observations
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ubjective - cannot be seen or felt objective - can be seen or measured
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How should an error on a health care record be corrected?
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Errors should be crossed out neatly w/ a straight line, have "error" recorded by them, & show the initials of the person making the error
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Benefits patients experience when health care workers have effective communication skills
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- (Patients feel accepted) they feel free that others have an interest and & concern in them - feel free to express their ideas & fears - develop confidence in health care worker(s) - feel they are receiving quality health care
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Identify w/ and understand another's feelings
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Empathy
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Accept responsibility because others rely on you
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dependability
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use good judgement in what you say and do
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discretion
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willing to be held accountable for your actions
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responsibility
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qualified and capable of performing a task
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competence
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accept opinions of others and learn from them
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acceptance of criticism
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display a positive attitude and enjoy work
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enthusiam
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tolerate and understanding
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patience
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show truthfulness and integrity
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honesty
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ability to begin or follow through with a task
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self motivation
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adapt to changes & learn new things
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willingness to learn
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say or do the kindest or most fitting thing
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tact
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5 factors that contribute to good health & briefly describe why each factor is beneficial
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1) diet - provides the body w/ materials needed for optimum health 2) rest - provides energy & ability to deal w/ stress 3) exercise - maintains circulation & improves muscle 4) good posture - prevents fatigue & puts less stress on muscles 5) avoiding use of tobacco, alcohol, & drugs - helps prevent damage to the body system & contributes to good health
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3 basic requirements for appearance of uniforms
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always be neat - well fitting - clean - wrinkle free
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How do you determine which type and color of uniforms to wear in your place of employment?
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Some agencies require white uniforms but others may allow you to have pastel colors. some places identify group workers
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3 ways to control body odor
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- shower daily - use deodorant - brush teeth - avoid strong odors
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3 reasons why the nails must be kept short and clean
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if long & pointed they can injure patients - transmit germs - can tear and puncture gloves
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what can be used to keep hands from becoming chapped and dry due to frequent hand-washing?
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hand cream or lotion
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why is it important to keep long hair pinned back and off the collar when a job requires close patient contact?
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prevents hair from touching patients/residents - prevents form falling in food or on equipment - blocking necessary vision during procedures
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what jewelry can be worn with a uniform?
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watch, wedding ring, & small pierced earrings
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why should excessive jewelry be avoided?
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Can interfere w/ patient care & distracts from professional appearance of the worker
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what is the purpose of make-up
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to create natural appearance & add to the attractiveness of a person
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An association regulating a particular health career issues a statement that a person has fulfilled the requirements of education and performance and meets the standards:
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certification
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A government agency authorizes an individual to work in a given occupation after the individual has completed an approved education program & passed a state board test:
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Licensure (Certification)
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A regulatory body in a health care area administers examinations & maintains a list of qualified personnel:
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Registration
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T/F diagnostic related groups (DRGs) are one way Congress is trying to control costs for gov't insurance plans such as Medicare & Medicaid
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True
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T/F Holistic Health care promotes physical, emotional, social, intellectual, & spiritual well-being
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True
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T/F Telemedicine uses video, audio, & computer systems to provide medical &/or health care services
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True
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T/F Complementary therapies are methods of treatment used in place of biomedical therapies
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False
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Ways to promote physical wellness include_________
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avoiding alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, drugs, & risky sexual behavior
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What is the federal act that requires states to establish training & competency evaluation programs for nursing & geriatric assistants?
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OBRA
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3 methods of cost containment
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- DRG's ~ related groups instead of going far out of town - turning off lights (energy efficient) - going to therapy instead of getting surgery
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2 complementary/alternative (CAM) methods of health care
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-Holistic - helps body & spiritual well being (hypnosis - therapy for mind) - alternative works w/o drugs/medical treatment It's important bc some patients may not want to be on medications, have surgery so you can help in hypnosis
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Provide care for the teeth & dental disease
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Dental Offices
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Provide care for accidents or sudden illness
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Emergency care services
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Located in large companies or industries
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Industrial health care centers
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Provide guidance, counseling, & chemical abuse treatment centers
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mental health facilites
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Provide care for individuals w/ physical or mental handicaps to allow maximum self-care & function
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Rehabilitation facilities
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Provide a variety of services in patient's home
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home health care
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provide care for terminally ill persons
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hospice agencies
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provide total health care directed toward preventive health care
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health maintenance organizations
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Isolated radium in 1910
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Marie Curie
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Established the patterns of heredity
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Gregory Mendal
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described the circulations of blood to & from the heart
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William Harvey
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Began public health & sanitation systems
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Romans
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Discovered Xrays in 1895
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William Roentgen
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father of medicine
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hippocrates
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provide assistance & care for mainly elderly patients
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Long-term Care
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provide assistance & care for accidents or sudden illness
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Emergency care
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deal w/ mental disorders
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mental health
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Hospitals are classified
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private or non-profit government or university based
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3 services offered by medical offices
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examination, diagnostic, & treatment
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3 examples of services that can be provided by home health care agencies
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nursing care, personal care, therapy
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purpose/main goal care provided for rehabilitation facilites
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to obtain maximum self care
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3 services offered by school health services
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speech, vision, hearing problems
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An international agency sponsored by the United nations is the _______
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WHO
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A national agency that deals w/ health problems in America is the _____
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USDHHS
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National organization that is involved in the research of disease is the ______
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NIH
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Federal agency that establishes & enforces standards that protect workers from job-related injuries & illnesses is the _________
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OSHA
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4 services that can be offered by state & local health departments
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Health education Clinics Environmental health immunization
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how do nonprofit/voluntary agencies receive their funding?
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fundraisers & donations
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2 nonprofit/voluntary agencies
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march of dimes American heart associations
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payment is made to the insurance company for health care coverage
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premium
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deductible
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paid by the patient before health insurance pays
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pays biggest part then pay left over
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75/25% co insurance
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prevention & check-ups are covered
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HMOs
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provided by large companies & company makes contract e/ doctor & hospitals ( costs less)
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PPOs
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degree awarded by a college or university after a prescribe course of study that usually lasts four or more years is a/an
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bachelors degree
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a process by which a gov't agency authorizes individuals to work in a given occupation after the person has completed an approved education program & passed a state board test is ___
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___ licensure
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in order to renew licenses or maintain certification, individuals must obtain additional hours of education called____
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continuing education units
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also called satellite clinics or satellite centers, are health care facilities found in many types
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clinics
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cares for people with acute illnesses and injuries, people care for are called patients
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hospitals
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work w/ couples who are pregnant or considering pregnancy
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Genetic counseling center
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allow residents who can care for themselves to live in their own apartments. may provide some assistants
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assisted living facilities
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what type of illness happens slowly & lasts for along time?
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chronic
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what type of illness occurs quickly and does not last very long?
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acute
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vary from offices that are privately owned by one doctor to large complexes that operate as corporations and employ many doctors and other health care professionals
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medical offices
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what is a person called that is being cared for in a long-term care facility
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resident
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what is a person called that is being cared for at home
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client
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what type of illness means that someone is dying
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terminal
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provide assistants & care for mainly elderly patietns
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long term care facilities
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what is a person called that is being cared for in a hospital
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patient
