Health Flashcards 2
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Pathogens that have been bred in the laboratory in a weakened form are known as ______ organisms.
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vaccinated
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For which of the following diseases would one receive a vaccine made from a pathogen that was killed in the laboratory?
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rubella
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Vaccines confer ______ immunity.
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active
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A person who is exposed to a disease and is subsequently injected with antibodies produced by others has been given
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passive
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A serum that contains a variety of antibodies and is injected to provide temporary immunity is called
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gamma goublin
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When the body responds to a relatively harmless substance as a dangerous pathogen and mounts an immune response, this response is called
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allergic reactions
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Substances that provoke allergies are known as
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allergens
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Which of the following is not considered a common allergen?
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viruses
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The antibody most involved in triggering an allergic reaction is
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immunoglobulin E
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The substance that increases the inflammatory response and the secretion of mucus following exposure to an allergen is
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histomine
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Key components of a typical asthma attack include all of the following except
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anaphylatic
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Which of the following is not considered a pathogen
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histomine
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Meningitis is an infection of the
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membrane covering the brain and spinal sord
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Streptococcus and staphylococcus are examples of
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bacteria
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Johnny has a red, sore throat with white patches on the tonsils, swollen lymph nodes, fever, and a headache. Which of the following bacteria caused Johnny's symptoms?
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strep
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A common bacterium found on the skin in healthy people but capable of causing infection if it enters the body is
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staph
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Which of the following statements is not true regarding tuberculosis?
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it affects the digestive tract
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Lyme disease can cause all of the following except
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ulcers
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Lyme disease is transmitted by a
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deer tick
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Most ulcers are caused by
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HPI
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Tetanus is also known as
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lockjaw
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Whooping cough is a respiratory illness cause by the bacterium
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bordetalla pertussis
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Generally, antibiotics are useful against
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bacteria
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Viral diseases are the most common form of ______ disease.
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contagious
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Colds are almost always transmitted by
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hand-to-hand contact
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Which of the following statements regarding the common cold is true?
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it may be caused by more than 200 viruses
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Influenza usually causes all of the following symptoms except
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gas
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Influenza is highly contagious and spread via
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respiratory droplets
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A vaccine is available to prevent infection by
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influenza
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All of the following are childhood viral illnesses that have waned in the United States except
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influenza
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The herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis is
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EBV
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Viral encephalitis causes inflammation of the tissue in the
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brain
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The mildest form of hepatitis is hepatitis
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A
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Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes associated with hepatitis is called
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jaundice
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Which virus can cause irreversible paralysis and death in some infected individuals?
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polyomitis
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Rabies is most often transmitted by
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animal bite
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Warts on the hands are caused by infection with a type of
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virus
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Molds, mushrooms, and yeasts belong to which group
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fungi
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The fungus that causes yeast infections is called
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candida albicans
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Hepatitis B is transmitted mainly by
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sexual contact
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Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding STDs?
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cannot be transmitted unless the person had symptoms
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Which country has the highest STD rate of any developed nation?
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USA
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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disables immune functions of CD4 T cells
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Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding the global spread of HIV/AIDS?
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Asia and Africa are on par with each other
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Worldwide, the most common route of HIV infection is
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heterosexual contact
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Shortly after HIV infection, most, but not all of those infected, will develop
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pnemonia
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The average time span between the initial HIV infection and the onset of disease symptoms in untreated people is _______________ years
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11
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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the asymptomatic phase of HIV infection?
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all
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Transmission of HIV occurs through which of the following?
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unprotected sex with somebody who has HIV
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three main routes of HIV transmission?
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eating off of a persons untensils
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The riskiest sexual activity for contracting HIV is
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being the receptive partner during anal intercourse
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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding oral sex and the transmission of HIV?
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less risk than intercourse
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Studies have found that women who frequently used _______________ for contraception were at greater risk for HIV transmission.
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spermicides
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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding HIV transmission and infection?
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higher risk if the person just brushed their teeth or flossed
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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the transmission of HIV?
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easier from female-male than male-female
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Needle-sharing among drug users often leads to HIV transmission because
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they may be contaminated with blood
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The transmission of HIV from mother to child is called
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perinatal
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Vertical transmission of HIV is
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mother-child
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Signs and symptoms of HIV infection include all of the following, EXCEPT
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weight gain
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In people with HIV infection, the amount of virus in the body can be measured with a(n)
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HIV RNA
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The infection most often seen in people with HIV infection is
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pnemonia
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A rare form of cancer that has become common among men with HIV infection is
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Kaposi's
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The initial screening test for HIV antibodies is the
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ELISA
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The test that is used as a confirming test for HIV is the
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western blot
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The status of the immune system in someone with HIV infection can be monitored by checking
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CD4 T cell counts
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A test that shows how fast HIV from a patient's blood sample can reproduce itself is known as
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HIV replication capacity
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Anonymous tests for HIV continue to be available because of concerns that people with HIV infection will be
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all
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All of the following guidelines are important when considering HIV testing, EXCEPT that you should
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wait for symptoms
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The first three classes of antiviral drugs developed for HIV infection include all of the following, EXCEPT
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transctiptase
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A widely used drug in the treatment of HIV infection that inhibits reproduction of the virus is
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AZT
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Protease inhibitors
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target the development of a protein coat around new copies of HIV.
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A class of antiviral drugs that block HIV from invading and infecting cells are known as
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entry
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Drugs frequently used to treat opportunistic infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis are
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antibiotics
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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding pregnancy and HIV?
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more than 50 percent
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Long-term antiviral therapy for HIV infection
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is very expensive
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Which of the following will NOT offer a high protection against HIV transmission during oral sex?
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oral contraceptives
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All of the following are risk factors for contracting HIV, EXCEPT
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mutual masterbation
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Chlamydia is the most prevalent _______________ STD.
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bacterial
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Chlamydia infection is the leading cause of _______________ in men under age 35
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uerethritis
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Infants with chlamydia infection
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are infected during delivery
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Genital herpes is most often caused by
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HS 2
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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding genital herpes?
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after infection it lives dormant
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Herpes is considered a serious STD for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT
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high fertility rate
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A drug used to treat herpes is
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acylovir
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Inflammation of the liver is known as
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hapatitis
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Men who have sex with other men should be vaccinated for
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HIV
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The hepatitis B virus can be transmitted via all of the following, EXCEPT
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toilet seats
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Which of the following is considered a means of transmission of HBV?
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all
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Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding hepatitis
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can't be transmitted to an unborn chils
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The spiral-shaped organism that causes syphilis is a
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bacterium
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A chancre is a sign of
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syphilis
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Characteristics of primary syphilis include
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lesion at site of entry
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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding secondary syphilis?
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3-6 weeks
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Dementia, cardiovascular damage, blindness, and death are possible complications of
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tertiary syphilis
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All of the following are TRUE regarding syphilis in pregnant women, EXCEPT there is
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no risk of infection
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A common sexually transmitted disease caused by an organism is
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lice
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Typical symptoms of trichomoniasis in women include
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green foul smelling discharge
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The drug of choice in treating trichomoniasis is
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flagyl
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If left untreated, trichomoniasis can increase the risk of
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HIV transmission
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The most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age is
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bacterial vagiosis
