question

Life Span (Pg 2)

answer

The maximum number of years that humans are capable of living. The maximum appears to be 120.

question

Life Expectancy (Pg 2)

answer

The average number of years that members of a cohort can expect to live.

question

Cohort

answer

A group of people who share a particular experience or time lived together, such as people who are under-graduates between 2008-2012.

question

Life Course

answer

The path that people follow through life, or a road map or blueprint of that path. Life course is shaped by the various developmental tasks and roles that society expects of people at each chronological life stage.

question

Lifestyle

answer

A personalized version of the life course of a cohort or generation. It is also the expression of an individual's behavioral choices such as eating healthy and incorporating physical activity into daily life.

question

Life fable

answer

The story of a persons life as written and directed by that person. The picture we have in our head about our life.

question

Adulthood age groups

answer

Young adulthood 18-24, middle young adulthood 25-33 and later young adulthood 34-39.

question

Traditional age students

answer

Are early young adults 18-24.

question

Nontraditional age students

answer

Are students of all other ages-middle young adults,later young adults, and individuals in middle or older adulthood.

question

Young Adult Developmental Expectations

answer

Growth and development do not end with the maturation of the body. It shifts to the development of the attitudes that foster the assumption of an array of roles.

question

Initial Adult Identity

answer

Transformation from adolescence into early young adulthood. Internally they are constructing perceptions of themselves as the adults they wish to be.

question

Establishing indepedence

answer

Society expects by the time a young adult completes their college education they should be moving away from dependent relationships. Includes: travel, new relationships, military, marriage, and college studies.

question

Preventative/prospective medicine

answer

Physician centered medical care in which areas of risk for chronic illnesses are identified so that they might be lowered.

question

Risk factor

answer

A bio-medical index such as serum cholesterol level or a behavioral pattern such as smoking associated with chronic illness.

question

High-risk health behavior

answer

A behavioral pattern such as smoking associated with a high risk of developing a chronic illness.

question

Morbidy

answer

Pertains to illness and disease.

question

Mortality

answer

Pertains to death.

question

Empowerment

answer

The nurturing of an individual's or groups ability to be responsible for their own health and well-being.

question

Personalized medicine

answer

Uses the newly established understanding of the human genome and associated technology to identify genetic markers that suggest predispositions for future illnesses.

question

Regenerative medicine

answer

Uses stem cell technology to grow replacement body tissues and structures.

question

Health promotion

answer

A movement in which knowledge practices and values are transmitted to people for use in lengthening their lives, reducing the incidence of illness and feeling better.

question

Wellness

answer

A process intended to aid individuals in unlocking their full potential through the development of an overall wellness lifestyle.

question

Trans-theoretical Model

answer

The process of behavioral change unfolds over time and progresses through defined stages. Predictable stages: Pre-contemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage, maintenance stage, termination stage, people go through in establishing new habits and patterns of behavior.

question

Precontemplation Stage

answer

The first stage of change during which a person is not thinking about making a change and may not be aware there is a problem.

question

Contemplation Stage

answer

Progress toward change begins as they move into a contemplation stage during which they might develop the desire to change but has little understanding of how to go about it.

question

Preparation Stage

answer

Following the contemplation stage a preparation stage begins during which the change begins to appear to be not only desirable, but possible.

question

Action Stage

answer

Plans for change are implemented during the action stage which changes are made and sustained for a period of about six months.

question

Maintenance Stage

answer

The fifth stage is the maintenance stage during which new habits are consolidated and practiced for an additional six months.

question

Termination Stage

answer

The sixth and final stage refers to the point at which new habits are well established and so efforts to change are complete.

question

Holistic health (Pg 14)

answer

A view of health in terms of its physical, emotional, social, intellectual, spiritual, and occupational makeup. Health that moves beyond the cure/prevention of illness and the postponement of death.

question

Health

answer

A reflection of the ability to use and apply both the intrinsic and extrinsic resources related to each dimension of our holistic make-up to participate full in the activities that sustain role fulfillment, foster the mastery of developmental expectations and experience a sense of well-being as we evaluate our progress through life.

question

The difference between emotional wellness and psychological health is that psychological health is

answer

related to how people express their emotions.

question

Psychologically healthy people tend

answer

to accept life's disappointments.

question

It is generally accepted that self-esteem comes from

answer

within ourselves.

question

The term self-concept refers to

answer

an individual's internal picture of himself.

question

The cornerstone of emotional intelligence is

answer

knowing your emotions.

question

Which of the following BEST illustrates an emotionally healthy response?

answer

When your cat dies, you think it might be silly to cry, but you cry anyway.

question

According to Abraham Maslow, before the basic needs of belonging and love can be met, which other needs must to be satisfied first?

answer

physiological needs, safety and security

question

Individuals who allow others to mistreat them, don't take care of themselves, and have difficulty being by themselves, tend to have low

answer

Self-esteem.

question

Which of the following has been shown to have a positive effect on reducing coronary heart disease and increase longevity?

answer

spiritual health.

question

The effect that the environment has on personality refers to

answer

nurture.

question

The biopsychological model addresses how biological, psychological, and social factors interact and affect psychological health.

answer

True

question

The psychologically healthy person accepts himself and others.

answer

True

question

People with low self-esteem have no difficulty being by themselves.

answer

False

question

Genetic factors do not influence personality.

answer

False

question

Maintaining a sense of humor is an important part of emotional health.

answer

True

question

Research shows that a sense of humor has no effect on physical healing.

answer

False

question

When people find it difficult to initiate or participate in conversation with others, it is likely that they have not developed some of their communication skills.

answer

True

question

When you have something negative to say to someone, it is best to start the conversation with the negative message.

answer

False

question

Verbal communication requires that you function skillfully both as a listener and a sender of spoken ideas.

answer

True

question

There are no cultural differences regarding personal space or distance between individuals.

answer

False

question

A technique in which people are taught to improve their health and performance by using signals from their own bodies.

answer

biofeedback.

question

Guided imagery is a form of

answer

visualization.

question

The goal of many meditation techniques is to

answer

clear the mind of conscious thoughts.

question

Which of the following is FALSE regarding hypnosis? It

answer

is perhaps the oldest and most understood type of relaxation technique.

question

Exposing an individual to specific stressful situations a little at a time, under controlled and safe conditions, is known as stress

answer

inoculation.

question

Stress inoculation teaches individuals to relax using deep breathing and

answer

progressive muscle relaxation.

question

In addition to stress management, stress inoculation has been helpful in

answer

anger management.

question

The tendency to make something more likely to happen as a result of your own expectations and attitudes is referred to as

answer

self-fulfilling prophecy.

question

To make more time in your busy day, you decide to cut your sleep time from seven hours a night to four. Why is this a bad idea?

answer

Your health will deteriorate over time.

question

Which of the following will promote a good night's sleep? You should

answer

take a bath or shower.

question

Research has shown that there is a correlation between stress and inadequate social relationships.

answer

True

question

Studies have shown that aromatherapy can lower stress levels.

answer

True

question

Most people react similarly to the same stressor.

answer

False

question

Selye's general adaptation syndrome describes how the human body responds to stressors.

answer

True

question

Eustress is a type of stress that enhances the quality of life.

answer

True

question

Stress is actually unhealthy and abnormal at any level.

answer

False

question

Many of our responses to stress are innate, basic, human survival mechanisms.

answer

True

question

During the fight or flight response, the body attempts to reestablish its equilibrium.

answer

False

question

Remaining in a constant state of physiological arousal for an extended period of time is called chronic stress.

answer

True

question

The second stage of the general adaptation syndrome is marked by a rapid increase in the intensity of the body's response to stress.

answer

False

question

The use of multiple activities to achieve cardiorespiratory fitness is called

answer

cross-training.

question

What is most likely to happen to Neda if she changes some of her running workouts for other activities such as cycling or swimming?

answer

She will most likely enjoy her fitness routine more.

question

Drugs that function like testosterone to produce increases in weight, strength, endurance, and aggression are called

answer

anabolic steroids.

question

Many athletes illegally use anabolic steroids in order to gain

answer

muscle mass.

question

Which of the following BEST describes the damage caused by long-term illegal use of anabolic steroids?

answer

It has multiple negative effects on both the body and the mind.

question

An individual's peak bone mass is obtained by the age of

answer

20

question

Which of the following BEST describes a hamstring pull? It is

answer

a strained muscle on the back of the upper thigh.

question

Delina is a collegiate gymnast. She suffers from bulimia, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Her condition is known as

answer

the female triad.

question

Why is it important for children to participate in fitness activities?Why is it important for children to participate in fitness activities?

answer

Most children who are obese during childhood become obese adults.

question

Of the following, the BEST way to make sure your children become physically fit is to

answer

model a physically active lifestyle.

question

The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommends at least 150 minutes per month of moderate intensity exercise to achieve substantial health benefits.

answer

False

question

Achilles tendinitis is only a risk for elite runners.

answer

False

question

Pain, when exercising, is a sign that something is wrong, and you should stop and assess the situation.

answer

True

question

Regular aerobic exercise not only strengthens the heart and lungs, but can also help your body to resist infections.

answer

True

question

The oxygen-deprived form of energy production that fuels many intense, short-duration activities is a life-threatening condition.

answer

False

question

Anaerobic literally means "without oxygen."

answer

True

question

Muscular fitness is the term used to represent the capabilities of the skeletal muscles to perform contractions.

answer

True

question

The popular forms of resistance training are all based on the overload principle.

answer

True

question

The terms isotonic and isometric describe the same type of resistance training.

answer

False

question

All joints can be equally flexible, if properly stretched

answer

False

question

empowerment

answer

The nurturing of an individual's or group's ability to be responsible for their own health and well-being.

question

health

answer

A reflection of the ability to use the intrinsic and extrinsic resources related to each dimension of our holistic makeup to participate fully in the role-related activities that contribute to growth and development, with the goal of feeling a sense of well-being as we evaluate our progress through life.

question

health promotion

answer

A movement in which knowledge, practices, and values are transmitted to people for use in lengthening their lives, reducing the incidence of illness, and feeling better.

question

high-risk health behavior

answer

A behavioral pattern, such as smoking, associated with a high risk of developing a chronic illness.

question

holistic health

answer

A view of health in terms of its physical, emotional, social, intellectual, spiritual, and occupational makeup.

question

morbidity

answer

Pertaining to illness and disease.

question

mortality

answer

Pertaining to death.

question

nontraditional-age students

answer

An administrative term used by colleges and universities for students who, for whatever reason, are pursuing undergraduate work at an age other than that associated with the traditional college years (18-24).

question

preventive or prospective medicine

answer

Physician-centered medical care in which areas of risk for chronic illnesses are identified so that they might be lowered.

question

risk factor

answer

A biomedical index such as serum cholesterol level or a behavioral pattern such as smoking associated with a chronic illness.

question

traditional-age students

answer

College students between the ages of 18 and 24.

question

wellness

answer

A process intended to aid individuals in unlocking their full potential through the development of an overall wellness lifestyle.

question

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

answer

Inability to concentrate well on a specified task; often accompanied by above-normal physical movement.

question

basic needs

answer

Deficiency needs that are viewed as essential and fundamental, including physiological, safety and security, belonging and love, and esteem needs.

question

biopsychological model

answer

A model that addresses how biological, psychological, and social factors interact and affect psychological health.

question

bipolar disorder

answer

A mood disorder characterized by alternating episodes of depression and mania.

question

clinical depression

answer

A psychological disorder in which individuals experience a lack of motivation, decreased energy level, fatigue, social withdrawal, sleep disturbance, disturbance in appetite, diminished sex drive, feelings of worthlessness, and despair.

question

emotional intelligence

answer

The ability to understand others and act wisely in human relations and measure how well one knows one's emotions, manages one's emotions, motivates oneself, recognizes emotions in others, and handles relationships.

question

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

answer

An anxiety disorder that involves experiencing intense and nonspecific anxiety for at least six months, in which the intensity and frequency of worry is excessive and out of proportion to the situation.

question

learned helplessness

answer

A theory of motivation explaining how individuals can learn to feel powerless, trapped, and defeated.

question

learned optimism

answer

An attribution style regarding permanence, pervasiveness, and personalization; how people explain both positive and negative events in their lives, accounting for success and failure.

question

mania

answer

An extremely excitable state characterized by excessive energy, racing thoughts, impulsive and/or reckless behavior, irritability, and being prone to distraction.

question

metaneeds

answer

Secondary concerns, such as spirituality, creativity, curiosity, beauty, philosophy, and justice, that can be addressed only after the basic needs are met.

question

nature

answer

The innate factors that genetically determine personality traits.

question

neurotransmitters

answer

Chemical messengers that transfer electrical impulses across the synapses between nerve cells.

question

nurture

answer

The effects that the environment, people, and external factors have on personality.

question

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

answer

An anxiety disorder characterized by obsessions (intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses causing a great deal of distress) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety or stress that is associated with the obsessive thoughts).

question

panic disorder

answer

An anxiety disorder characterized by panic attacks, in which individuals experience severe physical symptoms. These episodes can seemingly occur "out of the blue" or because of some trigger and can last for a few minutes or for hours.

question

permanence

answer

The first dimension of learned optimism, related to whether certain events are perceived as temporary or long lasting.

question

personalization

answer

The third dimension of learned optimism, related to whether an individual takes things personally or is more balanced in accepting responsibility for positive and negative events.

question

pervasiveness

answer

The second dimension of learned optimism, related to whether events are perceived as specific or general.

question

psychological health

answer

A broadly based concept pertaining to cognitive functioning in conjunction with the way people express their emotions; cope with stress, adversity, and success; and adapt to changes in themselves and their environment.

question

schizophrenia

answer

One of the most severe mental disorders, characterized by profound distortions in one's thought processes, emotions, perceptions, and behavior. Symptoms may include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and maintaining a rigid posture or not moving for hours.

question

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

answer

A type of depression that develops in relation to the changes in the seasons.

question

self-actualization

answer

The highest level of psychological health, at which one reaches his or her highest potential and values truth, beauty, goodness, faith, love, humor, and ingenuity.

question

self-concept

answer

An individual's internal picture of himself or herself; the way one sees oneself.

question

self-esteem

answer

An individual's sense of pride, self-respect, value, and worth.

question

social phobia

answer

A phobia characterized by feelings of extreme dread and embarrassment in situations in which public speaking or social interaction is involved.

question

alarm stage

answer

The first stage of the stress response, involving physiological, involuntary changes that are controlled by the hormonal and the nervous systems; the fight or flight response is activated in this stage.

question

chronic stress

answer

Remaining at a high level of physiological arousal for an extended period of time; it can also occur when an individual is not able to immediately react to a real or a perceived threat.

question

circadian rhythms

answer

The internal, biological clock that helps coordinate physiological processes with the 24-hour light/dark cycle.

question

distress

answer

Stress that diminishes the quality of life; commonly associated with disease, illness, and maladaptation.

question

eustress

answer

Stress that enhances the quality of life.

question

exhaustion stage

answer

The point at which the physical and the psychological resources used to deal with stress have been depleted.

question

fight or flight response

answer

The physiological response to a stressor that prepares the body for confrontation or avoidance.

question

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

answer

Sequenced physiological responses to the presence of a stressor, involving the alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages of the stress response.

question

intrapsychic stressors

answer

Our internal worries, self-criticisms, and negative self-talk.

question

perfectionism

answer

A tendency to expect perfection in everything one does, with little tolerance for mistakes.

question

procrastination

answer

A tendency to put off completing tasks until some later time, sometimes resulting in increased stress.

question

resistance stage

answer

The second stage of the stress response during which the body attempts to reestablish its equilibrium or internal balance.

question

self-fulfilling prophecy

answer

The tendency to make something more likely to happen as a result of one's own expectations and attitudes.

question

stress

answer

The physiological and psychological state of disruption caused by the presence of an unanticipated, disruptive, or stimulating event.

question

stress response

answer

The physiological and psychological responses to positive or negative events that are disruptive, unexpected, or stimulating.

question

stressors

answer

Factors or events, real or imagined, that elicit a state of stress.

question

test anxiety

answer

A form of performance anxiety that generates extreme feelings of distress in exam situations.

question

Yerkes-Dodson Law

answer

A bell-shaped curve demonstrating that there is an optimal level of stress for peak performance; this law states that too little or too much stress is not helpful, whereas a moderate level of stress is positive and beneficial.

question

amenorrhea

answer

The absence of menstruation.

question

anabolic steroids

answer

Drugs that function like testosterone to produce increases in muscle mass, strength, endurance, and aggressiveness.

question

anaerobic energy production

answer

The body's means of energy production when the necessary amount of oxygen is not available.

question

ballistic stretching

answer

A "bouncing" form of stretching in which a muscle group is lengthened repetitively to produce multiple quick, forceful stretches.

question

cardiorespiratory endurance

answer

The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to process and transport oxygen required by muscle cells so that they can contract over a period of time.

question

duration

answer

The length of time one needs to exercise at the THR to produce a cardiorespiratory training effect.

question

ergogenic aids

answer

Supplements that are taken to improve athletic performance.

question

exercise

answer

A subcategory of physical activity; it is planned, structured, repetitive, and purposive in the sense that an improvement or maintenance of physical fitness is an objective.5

question

flexibility

answer

The ability of joints to function through an intended range of motion.

question

frequency

answer

The number of exercise sessions per week; for aerobic fitness, three to five days are recommended.

question

intensity

answer

The level of effort put into an activity.

question

isokinetic exercises

answer

Muscular strength training exercises in which machines are used to provide variable resistances throughout the full range of motion at a fixed speed.

question

isometric exercises

answer

Muscular strength training exercises in which the resistance is so great that the object cannot be moved.

question

isotonic resistance exercises

answer

Muscular strength training exercises in which traditional barbells and dumbbells with fixed resistances are used.

question

muscular endurance

answer

The aspect of muscular fitness that deals with the ability of a muscle or muscle group to repeatedly contract over a long period of time.

question

muscular fitness

answer

The ability of skeletal muscles to perform contractions; includes muscular strength and muscular endurance.

question

muscular strength

answer

The component of physical fitness that deals with the ability to contract skeletal muscles to a maximal level; the maximal force that a muscle can exert.

question

osteoarthritis

answer

Arthritis that develops with age; largely caused by weight bearing and deterioration of the joints.

question

osteoporosis

answer

A decrease in bone mass that leads to increased incidence of fracture, primarily in postmenopausal women.

question

overload principle

answer

The principle whereby a person exercises at a level above which he or she is normally accustomed to.

question

physical activity

answer

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure. 5

question

physical fitness

answer

A set of attributes that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity. 5

question

sarcopenia

answer

A reduction in the size of the muscle fibers, related to the aging process.

question

static stretching

answer

The slow lengthening of a muscle group to an extended stretch; followed by holding the extended position for 15 to 60 seconds.

question

target heart rate (THR)

answer

The number of times per minute the heart must contract to produce a training effect.

Health 101 – Chapters 1-4 – Flashcards

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