Question 1

In reference to cancer prevention, which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

Including more fats in the daily diet and avoiding irritating fibrous foods can help in preventing stomach, colon, and rectal cancer.

Question 2

Pregnant women whose diet is deficient in folic acid are at heightened risk of bearing a child with what type of birth defect?

Accepted Answer

Neural Tube Defect

Question 3

Regular consumption of which of the following foods is believed capable of reducing an individual\'s chances of developing cancer?

Accepted Answer

Broccoli

Question 4

The death rate due to which of the following type of cancer has declined dramatically over the past 50 years because of improved diagnostic procedures?

Accepted Answer

Uterine Cancer

Question 5

The fact that asbestos workers who smoke are 60 times more likely to develop lung cancer than are their nonsmoking colleagues is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Synergism

Question 6

What are aflatoxins?

Accepted Answer

Carcinogens produced by a fungus growing on grains and nuts

Question 7

What is P53

Accepted Answer

A tumor suppressor gene whose mutant form is believed responsible for many cancers

Question 8

What is the cause of Down Syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Presence of 47 chromosomes per cell rather than the normal 46

Question 9

Which of the following statements about lung cancer is true?

Accepted Answer

Lung cancer rates are higher among both men and women in regions where are quality is poor.

Question 10

Which of the following types of cancer is sometimes associated with a prior viral infection?

Accepted Answer

Liver cancer

Question 11

Which of the following substances acts as a mutagen, a teratogen, and a carcinogen?

Accepted Answer

X-rays

Question 12

Which of these teratogenic substances is the cause of approximately 5% of all deaths among newborns un the U.S., most of them resulting from low birth weight caused by a reduction in blood oxygen levels?

Accepted Answer

Cigarette smoke

Question 13

For which toxic substances do researchers say there is no safe level--no threshold below which exposure will result in no adverse health impact?

Accepted Answer

Asbestos and lead

Question 14

Mesothelioma, a cancer of the lung or stomach lining, is known as a \"marker disease\" because its only known cause is exposure to what toxic substance?

Accepted Answer

Asbestos

Question 15

Human poisonings due to mercury exposure most commonly result in what kind of health damage?

Accepted Answer

Brain and/or nervous system disorders

Question 16

The most serious effect of lead poisoning is:

Accepted Answer

Damage to brain and central nervous system

Question 17

PCBs, which biomagnify as they move up the food chain, are most commonly taken up by humans when they eat certain kinds of:

Accepted Answer

Freshwater fish

Question 18

Reaffirming dioxin\'s status as an environmental toxin, a recent EPA report cited which of the following as the major threat posed by TCDD and related chemicals?

Accepted Answer

Disruption of endocrine hormones

Question 19

What is the most problematic step in the risk assessment process?

Accepted Answer

Assessing the actual amount and duration of exposure received by human populations

Question 20

Where do PCBs, dioxins, or any of the chlorinated hydrocarbons concentrate in living tissues?

Accepted Answer

Fat

Question 21

Which of the following is the leading source of dioxin emissions in the U.S.?

Accepted Answer

Medical waste incinerators

Question 22

Which of the following is characteristic of both PCBs and dioxin?

Accepted Answer

Chemically very stable, don\'t break down readily

Question 23

Which of the following toxic substances has been found as a contaminant in farmed salmon?

Accepted Answer

PCBs

Question 24

Which two of the following toxic substances are capable of crossing the placental barrier and causing severe fetal damage in humans?

Accepted Answer

Lead and mercury

Question 25

An example of a persistent, broad-spectrum insecticides is:

Accepted Answer

DDT

Question 26

If a pesticide label indicates the product is \"EPA-Registered,\" what does this mean in practical terms?

Accepted Answer

The product is legal to sell and use in the United States

Question 27

In recent years there has been a sharp rise in the incidence of malaria in many tropical countries due to

Accepted Answer

Development of resistant strains of insects

Question 28

In which of the following groups of organisms would you expect to see the greatest effects of pesticide biomagnification?

Accepted Answer

Quarternary Consumers (e.g. Pelicans)

Question 29

Serious gastrointestinal diseases such as cholera and dysentery are carried by the insect vector:

Accepted Answer

Houseflies

Question 30

The mosquito-borne illness of greatest concern in the United States today is:

Accepted Answer

West Nile virus

Question 31

What characteristic of the organophosphate insecticides make them more environmentally acceptable than the chlorinated hydrocarbons?

Accepted Answer

Not persistent

Question 32

What characteristic of botanical insecticides such as pyrethrum and rotenone makes them useful?

Accepted Answer

They are very effective against a wide range of insect pests, yet are harmless to humans and pets

Question 33

What is the basic cause of the phenomenon known as \"secondary pest outbreak\"?

Accepted Answer

Population explosion of formerly insignificant pests which become economically important after spraying eliminates most of their natural enemies

Question 34

What was the major reason EPA gave for banning the use of most chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides?

Accepted Answer

The chemicals had been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals

Question 35

Which of the following pesticidal groups is most acutely toxic to the pesticide applicator?

Accepted Answer

Organophosphate insecticides

Question 36

Which of the following is nonselective herbicide, capable of killing any plant in contacts?

Accepted Answer

Glyphosate

Question 37

A type of allergic reaction known as \"Chinese restaurant syndrome\" is experienced by many consumers who eat foods containing the food additive:

Accepted Answer

Monosodium glutamate (MSG

Question 38

Chronic arthritis may develop as a lasting after-effect of which food borne illness?

Accepted Answer

Salmonellosis

Question 39

For which two bacterial food-borne diseases is the infective dose thought to be very low?

Accepted Answer

E.coli 0157:H7 and listeriosis

Question 40

How does the federal government attempt to regulate pesticide residues on food?

Accepted Answer

By setting \"tolerance levels\" for the maximum amount that may be present on specific crops

Question 41

Outbreaks of bacterial food poisoning are most often associated with eating:

Accepted Answer

Poultry, meat, or dairy products

Question 42

Sneezing on foods during preparation or handling food when an open cut or skin eruption is present is a likely way to inoculating foods with the pathogen responsible for which food borne disease?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus intoxication

Question 43

Some authorities advise consumers to avoid regular consumption of hot dogs, bacon, and lunch-meats because they contain a suspected carcinogenic food additive which is intended to deter spoilage and to make the meat look fresher. What is this controversial food additive?

Accepted Answer

Sodium nitrite

Question 44

The incidence of both tapeworm and roundworm infections in the U.S. has been increasing as a result of the growing popularity of which ethnic specialty?

Accepted Answer

Sushi

Question 45

what is the \"Danger Zone\"- the temperature range which will support the multiplication of food poisoning bacteria and which should be avoided as much as possible during handling, preparation, and storage of susceptible foods?

Accepted Answer

41 F-140 f

Question 46

What is the most likely way in which the American consumer is currently being exposed to potentially dangerous pesticide residues?

Accepted Answer

By eating imported fruits and vegetables on which overuse of chemicals banned in the U.S. is common

Question 47

Which of the following food borne diseases is particularly worrisome to public health officials because the pathogen involved is capable of growing quite well at temperatures considerably lower than those within the \"Danger Zone\"?

Accepted Answer

Listeriosis

Question 48

Why are many researchers today worried about the continued use of antibiotics such as penicillin and tetracycline in livestock feed?

Accepted Answer

Their use may promote the development of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics and this resistance can then be transferred to bacteria which cause human diseases

Question 49

For the average American, which of the following represents the single largest source of exposure to ionizing radiation on a yearly basis?

Accepted Answer

Radon gas

Question 50

The sharp increase in skin cancer rates during the past few decades in the U.S. has largely been attributed to excess exposure to:

Accepted Answer

Ultraviolet light

Question 51

What disease is most frequently associated with low-level exposure to ionizing radiation?

Accepted Answer

Leukemia

Question 52

What is the minimum SPF sunscreen rating that is effective for preventing skin damage?

Accepted Answer

15

Question 53

When would the largest number of health problems associated with detonation of a \"dirty bomb\" occur?

Accepted Answer

Immediately after the initial explosion, due to the blast itself

Question 54

Which from of ionizing radiation is least penetrating, capable of being blocked by a layer of skin?

Accepted Answer

Alpha particles

Question 55

Which of the following statements in reference to health effects of radiation is false?

Accepted Answer

If a person received a 2 Sv whole body dose of radiation within 5 minutes, the damage would be less than if the same dose were received over a period of 5 months

Question 56

Which of the following forms of radiation is non-ionizing?

Accepted Answer

Ultraviolet light

Question 57

Which of the following statements about skin cancer is false?

Accepted Answer

Malignant melanomas are the most common type of skin cancer, responsible for 400,000 new cases annually

Question 58

Which of the following parts of the body is most vulnerable to the damaging effects of microwaves?

Accepted Answer

Eyes

Question 59

Which type of skin cancer has the highest fatality rate?

Accepted Answer

Malignant melanoma

Question 60

Why are substances that emit beta particles of special concern?

Accepted Answer

They are chemically similar to normal boy constituents, if taken internally they are incorporated into the bones or thyroid

Question 61

Which of the following diseases is caused by a point mutation?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 62

A mutation is defined as any change in the _____ material.

Accepted Answer

Genetic

Question 63

During which of the following stages of fetal development is exposure to a teratogenic agent likely to be the most damaging?

Accepted Answer

3rd through the 8th week of pregnancy

Question 64

According to the American Cancer Society, the only cancers for which death rates have been rising in recent years are:

Accepted Answer

Esophageal cancer and liver cancer

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