HDFS Chapter 10-16 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Which is the CORRECT statement about self-esteem? A) Children with high self-esteem have greater initiative. B) High self-esteem children don't engage in antisocial actions. C) Self-esteem research is experimental in methodology. D) There are high correlations between school performance and self-esteem.
answer
A) Children with high self-esteem have greater initiative.
question
Erikson's stage describing socioemotional development for people in middle and late childhood is called A) integrity versus despair. B) initiative versus guilt. C) industry versus inferiority. D) identity versus identity confusion.
answer
C) industry versus inferiority.
question
Which of the following is an important developmental change in emotions during the elementary school years? A) decreased ability to understand complex emotions B) small improvements in the ability to suppress positive emotions C) increased tendency to be aware of the events leading to emotional reactions D) unable to redirect feelings
answer
C) increased tendency to be aware of the events leading to emotional reactions
question
The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes is called A) self-efficacy. B) self-esteem. C) self-determinism. D) self-concept.
answer
A) self-efficacy
question
Which of the following is recommended for parents, teachers, and other care-givers of children who are coping with a stressful event? A) Reassure children of their safety and security. B) Do not allow children to retell events. C) Protect children from reexposure to frightening situations. D) Help children make sense of what happened.
answer
A) Reassure children of their safety and security
question
Which of Kohlberg's levels of moral development involves a personal moral code? A) preconventional B) postconventional C) conventional D) All of Kohlberg's stages involve a personal moral code.
answer
B) postconventional
question
According to Kohlberg, in the __________ stage, moral thinking is tied to punishment. A) individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange B) social systems morality C) universal ethical principles D) heteronomous morality
answer
D) heteronomous morality
question
Carol Gilligan's central criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is that A) the theory reflects a gender bias. B) the theory overemphasizes the role of cognition. C) the theory underemphasizes the role of behavior. D) the theory overestimates the role of culture and family.
answer
A) the theory reflects a gender bias.
question
The moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes communication, relationships with, and concern for others is called A) the connection perspective. B) the care perspective. C) relationship emphasis. D) the justice perspectives.
answer
B) the care perspective.
question
Which type of aggression comprises a greater percentage of girls' overall aggression? A) physical B) verbal C) relational D) emotional
answer
C) relational
question
According to your textbook, which of these statements regarding gender roles is TRUE? A) Researchers have found that high-masculinity adolescent boys never engage in problem behaviors. B) Pollack suggests that boys actually benefit from bottling up their feelings. C) Bem argues that androgynous individuals are more competent, flexible and mentally healthy. D) Masculine and androgynous orientations might be less desirable in traditional academic and work settings because of the achievement demands in these contexts.
answer
C) Bem argues that androgynous individuals are more competent, flexible and mentally healthy.
question
When examining children's peer status, we find that __________ children are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked. A) popular B) neglected C) rejected D) controversial
answer
D) controversial
question
John Coie found that ____________ children have fewer social skills in making friends and maintaining positive relationships with peers. A) controversial B) rejected C) neglected D) isolated
answer
B) rejected
question
Jacob finds his relationship with Akira exciting and amusing. Which function of friendship does their relationship fulfill? A) companionship B) stimulation C) ego support D) social comparison
answer
B) stimulation
question
Schools in low-income neighborhoods face all of the following problems, EXCEPT: A) old and run-down school facilities B) fewer resources C) more experienced teachers who have become bored D) more encouragement of rote learning over thinking skills
answer
C) more experienced teachers who have become bored
question
To improve relations between ethnically diverse students, Eliot Aronson suggested A) turning the class into a jigsaw classroom. B) encouraging students to have positive personal contact with other diverse students. C) encouraging students to engage in perspective-taking. D) helping students think critically when cultural issues are involved.
answer
A) turning the class into a jigsaw classroom
question
Research by Harold Stevenson and his colleagues found that Asian students consistently outperformed American students in math because A) of innate ability. B) American parents had much higher expectations for their child's education. C) American teachers spent less time teaching math than Asian teachers did. D) Asian parents were less likely to help their children with math homework.
answer
C) American teachers spent less time teaching math than Asian teachers did
question
perspective taking
answer
the ability to assume other people's perspectives and understand their thoughts and feelings
question
self-esteem
answer
the global evaluative dimension of the self
question
self-concept
answer
domain-specific evaluations of the self
question
self-efficacy
answer
the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes
question
preconventional reasoning
answer
the lowest level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development; the individual's moral reasoning is controlled primarily by external rewards and punishment
question
heteronomous morality
answer
Kohlberg's first stage in preconventional reasoning, in which moral thinking is tied to punishment
question
individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange
answer
the second Kohlberg stage of moral development; at this stage, individuals pursue their own interests but also let others do the same
question
conventional reasoning
answer
the second, or intermediate, level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development; at this level, individuals abide by certain standards, but they are the standards of others such as parents or the laws of society
question
mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity
answer
Kohlberg's third stage of moral development; at this stage, individuals value trust, caring, and loyalty to others as a basis of moral judgments
question
social systems morality
answer
the fourth stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development; moral judgments are based on understanding the social order, law, justice, and duty
question
postconventional reasoning
answer
the highest level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development; at this level, the individual recognizes alternative moral courses, explores the options, and then decides on a personal moral code
question
social contract or utility and individual rights
answer
the fifth Kohlberg stage; at this stage, individuals reason that values, rights, and principles undergird or transcend the law
question
universal ethical principles
answer
the sixth and highest stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development; individuals develop a moral standard based on universal human rights
question
justice perspective
answer
a moral perspective that focuses on the rights of the individual; individuals independently make moral decisions
question
care perspective
answer
the moral perspective of Carol Gilligan, which views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others
question
social conventional reasoning
answer
conventional rules that have been established by social consensus in order to control behavior and maintain the social system
question
gender stereotypes
answer
broad categories that reflect our impressions and beliefs about females and males
question
androgyny
answer
the presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person
question
popular children
answer
children who are frequently nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers
question
average children
answer
children who receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from peers
question
neglected children
answer
children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend but are not disliked by their peers
question
rejected children
answer
children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend and are actively disliked by their peers
question
controversial children
answer
children who are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked
question
intimacy in friendships
answer
self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts
question
constructivist approach
answer
a learner-centered approach that emphasizes the importance of individuals' actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teacher
question
direct instruction approach
answer
a structured, teacher-centered approach that is characterized by teacher direction and control, mastery of academic skills, high expectations for students' progress, maximum time spent on learning tasks, and efforts to keep negative affect to a minimum
question
mind-set
answer
the cognitive view, either fixed or growing, that individuals develop for themselves
question
Which of the following statements about adolescents today is TRUE? A) Most adolescents are unsuccessful in negotiating the path from childhood to adulthood. B) Most adolescents display a healthy self-image. C) Acting out and boundary testing are ways adolescents reject parental values. D) Adolescents are a homogeneous group with describable characteristics and experiences.
answer
B) Most adolescents display a healthy self-image
question
__________ is a girl's first menstruation. A) Puberty B) Menarche C) Estradiol D) Precocious puberty
answer
B) Menarche
question
__________ is/are to females what __________ is/are to males. A) Ovaries; hormones B) Hormones; sperm C) testosterone; estradiol D) estradiol; testosterone
answer
D) estradiol; testosterone
question
When Shelby began puberty before she was 8 years of age, she was considered to have __________. A) nutritional menarche B) body image preoccupation C) precocious puberty D) hormone-behavior link
answer
C) precocious puberty
question
Which of the following occurs first in male sexual maturation? A) facial hair growth B) increase in penis and testicle size C) first ejaculation D) detectable voice changes
answer
B) increase in penis and testicle size
question
Which of the following statements regarding puberty is TRUE? A) Boys have more negative body images than girls do. B) Older adolescents are more preoccupied with their body image than younger adolescents. C) Late-maturing girls are usually taller and thinner in late adolescence. D) There is little individual variation in puberty.
answer
C) Late-maturing girls are usually taller and thinner in late adolescence.
question
During adolescence, the development of the ____________ improves the ability to process information. A) prefrontal cortex B) corpus callosum C) amygdala D) hypothalamus
answer
B) corpus callosum
question
There has been a dramatic increase in what type of sex during adolescence? A) anal B) genital C) oral D) unprotected
answer
C) oral
question
The use of contraceptives by U.S. high school students has increased from 46.2% in 1991 to ___ in 2007. A) 61.5% B) 53.5% C) 66.2% D) 58.7%
answer
A) 61.5%
question
In a single act of unprotected sex, a teenage girl has a _____ risk of acquiring genital herpes. A) 1% B) 25% C) 30% D) 50%
answer
C) 30%
question
Which of the following statements regarding adolescent pregnancy is FALSE? A) Studies have found that children of adolescent mothers have lower achievement test scores and more behavioral problems than children born to adult mothers. B) Daughters of teenage mothers are more likely to become teenage mothers themselves. C) Adolescent pregnancy increases health risks for mother and offspring. D) America's adolescent pregnancy rate is among the lowest in the Western world.
answer
D) America's adolescent pregnancy rate is among the lowest in the Western world.
question
Mary Carskadon found through her research that when given the opportunity, adolescents will sleep almost _____ hours. A) 7 hours B) 9 hours and 25 minutes C) 11 hours and 30 minutes D) 12 hours
answer
B) 9 hours and 25 minutes
question
Smoking is likely to begin in grades _____ through _____. A) 6; 8 B) 7; 9 C) 9; 10 D) 10; 12
answer
B) 7; 9
question
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa include which characteristic? A) eating healthily B) a fear of becoming ill C) maintaining a normal body weight D) association with depression and/or anxiety
answer
D) association with depression and/or anxiety
question
Piaget's stage describing adolescent cognitive development is called A) concrete operational. B) formal operational. C) sensorimotor. D) preoperational.
answer
B) formal operational.
question
__________ is the heightened sense of self-consciousness in adolescence, described by David Elkind. A) Hypothetical-deductive reasoning B) Adolescent egocentrism C) Withdrawal D) Service learning
answer
B) Adolescent egocentrism
question
Adolescents feel that they are invincible. Elkind called this A) imaginary audience. B) executive functioning. C) values learning. D) personal fable.
answer
D) personal fable.
question
__________ is a form of education that promotes social responsibility in the community. A) Service learning B) Extracurricular activity C) Journaling D) Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
answer
A) Service learning
question
hormones
answer
powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream
question
puberty
answer
period of rapid maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs primarily during early adolescence
question
corpus callosum
answer
the location where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres
question
amygdala
answer
the region of the brain that is the seat of emotions
question
hypothetical-deductive reasoning
answer
Piaget's formal operational concept that adolescents have the cognitive ability to develop hypotheses, or best guesses, about ways to solve problems, such as an algebraic equation
question
imaginary audience
answer
involves adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they are interested in themselves; attention-getting behavior motivated by a desire to be noticed, visible, and "on stage"
question
personal fable
answer
the part of adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent's sense of uniqueness and invincibility
question
top-dog phenomenon
answer
the circumstance of moving from the top position in elementary school to the lowest position in middle or junior high school
question
Erikson's psychosocial stage of development for adolescents is called:
answer
identity vs Identity confusion
question
A person's spiritual beliefs are part of her/his __________ identity.
answer
religious
question
Who identified four identity statuses for adolescence?
answer
James Marcia
question
In identity diffusion, crisis is __________ and commitment is __________.
answer
absent; absent
question
____________ is the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment
answer
identity achievement
question
__________ is an enduring, basic aspect of self that includes a sense of membership in a cultural group and the attitudes and feelings related to that membership.
answer
ethnic identity
question
Which of these statements regarding adolescents and parents is TRUE? A) Many parents have an easy time handling the adolescent's push for autonomy. B) Parent-adolescent conflict increases in early adolescence and is severe. C) Attachment to parents decreases the probability that an adolescent will be socially competent. D) Conflict between parents and adolescents serves a positive developmental function.
answer
D) Conflict between parents and adolescents serves a positive developmental function.
question
Which of the following strategies is NOT recommended advice for adolescents who would like to make friends? A) Be nice. B) Provide social support. C) Be psychologically aggressive. D) Engage in prosocial behavior.
answer
C) Be psychologically aggressive.
question
Mary is a cheerleader and also plays volleyball. She spends most of her time with other athletes. Based on these premises to what type of group does Mary belong?
answer
crowd
question
Concerning romantic relationships, ________ occurs at about 14 to 16 years of age.
answer
exploring romantic relationships
question
__________ is a ceremony or ritual that marks an individual's transition from one status to another.
answer
a rite of passage
question
On average, adolescents spend the most time on which activity?
answer
watching television
question
Delinquency rates are higher among all the following groups EXCEPT: A) minorities. B) low socioeconomic status youth. C) youth living in urban, high-mobility neighborhoods. D) females.
answer
D) females
question
__________ is (are) the third leading cause of death in adolescents.
answer
suicide
question
All the following are common components in programs designed to prevent or reduce adolescent problems EXCEPT: A) intensive individual attention. B) peer mediation. C) community-wide multiagency collaborative approaches. D) early identification and intervention.
answer
peer mediation.
question
narcissism
answer
a self-centered and self-concerned approach toward others
question
crisis
answer
Marcia's term for a period of identity development during which the adolescent chooses among meaningful alternatives
question
commitment
answer
Marcia's term for the part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in what they are going to do
question
identity foreclosure
answer
Marcia's term for adolescents who have made a commitment but have not experienced a crisis
question
identity moratorium
answer
Marcia's term for adolescents who are in the midst of a crisis but whose commitments are either absent or vaguely defined
question
identity achievement
answer
Marcia's term for adolescents who have undergone a crisis and have made a commitment
question
clique
answer
a small group that ranges from 2 to about 12 individuals, averaging about 5 to 6 individuals, which can form because adolescents engage in similar activities
question
According to Arnett, which of the following are NOT key features that characterize emerging adulthood? A) identity exploration B) instability C) commitment to others D) self focused
answer
C) commitment to others
question
In the United States, which of the following is the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood? A) economic independence B) independent decision making C) holding a more-or-less permanent full-time job D) graduation from high school
answer
C) holding a more-or-less permanent full-time job
question
Regarding early adult health knowledge and behavior, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) College students have a poor understanding of what it takes to prevent illness and promote health. B) College students clearly see the relationship between their risk of heart attack and their nutrition and exercise habits. C) In early adulthood, few people stop to think about how their personal lifestyles will affect their health later in their adult lives. D) Most young adults have realistic beliefs about their future health risks.
answer
C) In early adulthood, few people stop to think about how their personal lifestyles will affect their health later in their adult lives.
question
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of physical development in early adulthood? A) reaching the peak of physical performance B) notice of the decline in physical performance C) large changes in the sensory systems D) increase in the body's fatty tissue
answer
large changes in the sensory systems
question
According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, what percentage of American adults 20 years of age and older are obese?
answer
33%
question
All the following biological factors EXCEPT __________ are involved in obesity. A) a change in the human genome B) leptin C) set point D)
answer
A) a change in the human genome
question
Regarding alcohol and drug use, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) About 10% of alcoholics recover, whether they are in a treatment program or not. B) An estimated 20% to 35% of individuals who become alcoholics are believed to have a predisposition towards it. C) Binge drinking peaks at about age 18. D) Cultural variations underscore the environment's role in alcoholism.
answer
D) Cultural variations underscore the environment's role in alcoholism.
question
Which of the following conclusions was NOT made by the 1994 survey of sexual practices among Americans? A) Men think about sex far more often than women do. B) Adultery is less common than originally believed. C) Married and cohabitating people have sex more often than noncohabitating couples. D) Americans' sexual lives are more liberal than suggested by previous surveys
answer
D) Americans' sexual lives are more liberal than suggested by previous surveys
question
Regarding the development of a nonheterosexual sexual orientation, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Being raised by a gay parent increases one's likelihood of being homosexual. B) Sexual orientation is determined by a combination of factors. C) Male homosexuality is thought to be caused by growing up with a dominant mother and weak father. D) Female homosexuality is believed to be caused by girls choosing masculine role models.
answer
Sexual orientation is determined by a combination of factors.
question
Sexually transmitted infections affect about one in every ______ adults.
answer
6
question
Which of the following is NOT a protective measure against AIDS? A) knowing your and your partner's risk status B) having protected sex C) taking acyclovir D) not having sex with multiple partners
answer
C) taking acyclovir
question
__________ is when one person uses his or her power over another individual in a sexual manner.
answer
sexual harassment
question
Which theorist suggests that young adults become less idealistic as they enter the work force and face the constraints of reality?
answer
Gisela Labouvie-Vief
question
According to William Perry, adolescent thinking is __________, and adult thinking is __________.
answer
absolute; relative
question
__________ is a characteristic of postformal thought.
answer
Knowing that the correct answer may vary from situation to situation
question
Researchers have found that creativity peaks in one's _____.
answer
40's
question
A recent survey states that the main sources of stress included all of the following EXCEPT: A) lack of advancement opportunities B) low salaries C) forced objectives D) uncertain job expectations
answer
C) forced objectives
question
Which of the following statements regarding work in early adulthood is FALSE? A) Ethnic diversity is increasing in most developed countries. B) Work and lack of work can both be sources of stress. C) In the United States, one-half of all lawyers, physicians, computer scientists, and chemists today are females. D) Juggling work and family responsibilities is an issue for dual-earner couples.
answer
C) In the United States, one-half of all lawyers, physicians, computer scientists, and chemists today are females.
question
emerging adulthood
answer
the transition from adolescence to adulthood (approximately 18 to 25 years of age) that involves experimentation and exploration
question
aerobic exercise
answer
sustained exercise (such as jogging, swimming, or cycling) that involves oxygen intake and that stimulates heart and lung activity
question
addiction
answer
pattern of behavior characterized by an overwhelming involvement with using a drug and securing its supply
question
postformal thought
answer
a form of thought that involves understanding that the correct answer to a problem can vary and requires reflective thinking; the search for truth is often an ongoing, never-ending process
question
Which of the following aspects of childhood temperament is related to delayed entry into a stable job track during adulthood?
answer
inhibition
question
Tom, a young adult, is often emotional, possessive and demands closeness in his relationships. His adult attachment style would be described as
answer
anxious
question
Computer dating services ask questions about a person's characteristics and attitudes. This practice demonstrates that __________ is an important component in interpersonal attraction.
answer
similarity
question
__________ provides an explanation about why people are attracted to others who are similar to them in attitudes and values. A) Consensual validation B) The matching hypothesis C) Love D) Intimacy versus isolation
answer
Consensual validation
question
What is Erikson's sixth stage of socioemotional development, which describes the most important issues dealt with in early adulthood? A) identity versus identity confusion B) intimacy versus isolation C) generativity versus stagnation D) integrity versus despair
answer
B) intimacy versus isolation
question
__________ love is to romantic love as __________ love is to affectionate love. A) Compassionate; compassionate B) Compassionate; passionate C) Passionate; compassionate D) Passionate; passionate
answer
C) Passionate; compassionate
question
Which researcher is known for studying romantic love and suggesting that sexual desire is the most important ingredient of romantic love? A) Robert Sternberg B) Phillip Shave C) Ellen Berscheid D) Zick Rubin
answer
C) Ellen Berscheid
question
According to Robert Sternberg, consummate love involves the presence of
answer
passion, intimacy, and commitment.
question
Which of the following statements regarding gender differences in friendships is TRUE? A) Men have more close friends than women do. B) Male friends are more likely to talk rather than engage in activities together. C) Female patterns of friendship typically involve activities. D) Women's friendships are more intimate.
answer
Women's friendships are more intimate.
question
According to Popenoe, et al, all of the following EXCEPT _______ are problems that many couples who cohabit face. A) disapproval by parents B) owning property jointly C) legal rights on the dissolution of the relationship D) sexual problems
answer
sexual problems
question
In the United States, the average duration of a marriage is just over ______ years.
answer
9
question
Many people remarry not for love but for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A) financial reasons B) help in rearing children C) religious reasons D) reduction in loneliness
answer
C) religious reasons
question
Which of John Gottman's successful marriage principles is reflected in his advice to regulate emotions, compromise, and be tolerant of each other's faults?
answer
solving solvable conflicts
question
According to Hetherington which of the following pathways for divorcees is described by one who spends time in singles bars and has casual sex for about a year then begins to want a stable relationship?
answer
The libertine
question
Which of the following statements regarding marriage is TRUE? A) Realistic expectations and myths about marriage contribute to marital dissatisfaction and divorce. B) Overall, women are less expressive and affectionate in marriage. C) The presence of children increases marital satisfaction. D) Happily married people live longer, healthier lives than divorced people or those who are unhappily married.
answer
D) Happily married people live longer, healthier lives than divorced people or those who are unhappily married.
question
Which of the following statements regarding parenting roles is TRUE? A) There is a tendency today toward larger families. B) Having children late in life provides many more benefits than having children early. C) Mothers are naturally better parents than fathers are. D) One of the consequences of having fewer children is that men are apt to invest a greater amount of time in fathering.
answer
D) One of the consequences of having fewer children is that men are apt to invest a greater amount of time in fathering.
question
According to Tannen, men's lack of ______ talk bothers many women.
answer
rapport
question
secure attachment style
answer
adults that have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned with or stressed out about their romantic relationships
question
avoidant attachment style
answer
adults that are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and once in a relationship tend to distance themselves from their partner
question
anxious attachment style
answer
these individuals demand closeness, are less trusting and are more emotional, jealous and possessive
question
consensual validation
answer
Individuals are attracted to people who are similar to them because our own attitudes and behavior are supported and confirmed when someone else's attitudes and behavior are similar to our own.
question
matching hypothesis
answer
explains that although we may prefer a more attractive person in the abstract, in the real world we end up choosing someone who is close to our level of attractiveness
question
romantic love
answer
also called eros; emotion that has strong sexual and infatuation components and often predominates in the early period of a love relationship
question
affectionate love
answer
also called "companionate love"; the individual desires to have the other person near and has a deep, caring affection for that person
question
rapport talk
answer
the language of conversation; it is a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships
question
report talk
answer
talk that is designed to give information and includes public speaking
question
The changing nature of middle age can be accounted for by the fact that A) average life expectancy has increased dramatically in the past century. B) people today are more active and productive at later ages. C) medical discoveries have improved health in adulthood. D) All of these explain why the concept of middle age is changing.
answer
D) All of these explain why the concept of middle age is changing
question
Regarding physical changes in middle adulthood, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Midlife changes are mostly rapid. B) Genetic factors alone are the primary predictors of which chronic diseases will appear and when. C) Physical changes include changes in physical appearance such as wrinkles and age spots. D) Being overweight is not a critical health problem in middle adulthood.
answer
C) Physical changes include changes in physical appearance such as wrinkles and age spots.
question
In middle adulthood, individuals typically experience which of the following sleep patterns?
answer
around the same number of hours spent in sleep as in early adulthood
question
______________ is a condition in middle adulthood which can lead to the development of diabetes and is characterized by hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance.
answer
Metabolic syndrome
question
During midlife, ________________ slowly accumulates on the artery walls, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
answer
cholesterol
question
________ is the transitional time between the beginning of the climacteric period and menopause.
answer
Perimenopause
question
Research has found that as much as ______ of the erectile dysfunction in middle-aged men stem from physiological problems.
answer
75%
question
Which of the following statements regarding menopause is TRUE? A) The average age at which women experience menopause is 42. B) The average age at which women have their last period is 51. C) The majority of women experience serious psychological problems related to menopause. D) Hormone replacement therapy has been researched and been found to have minimal side-effects.
answer
B) The average age at which women have their last period is 51.
question
The success rate for the drug Viagra is between _________.
answer
60% and 85%.
question
A physiological cause of impotence is
answer
hypertension, diabetes and elevated cholesterol.
question
Which researcher(s) argue(s) that crystallized intelligence increases in middle age, while fluid intelligence decreases?
answer
John Horn
question
Who initiated the Seattle Longitudinal Study?
answer
K. Warner Schaie
question
_______________ is the ability to recognize and understand patterns, and relationships in a problem and use this understanding to solve other instances of the problem.
answer
Inductive reasoning
question
__________ involves having an extensive, highly organized knowledge and understanding of a particular domain.
answer
Expertise
question
According to the Seattle Longitudinal Study, verbal memory peaks in the
answer
50's
question
Why do psychologists believe leisure takes on increased importance in middle adulthood?
answer
Middle adults need to begin preparing psychologically for retirement; Men in midlife who take annual vacations are less likely to die of coronary heart disease, Middle adulthood physical and career changes produce expanded opportunities for leisure.
question
In the MacArthur Study of Midlife Development (published in 1999), which percentage of middle-aged adult Americans considered religion or spirituality a major part of their lives?
answer
70%
question
Which of the following statements regarding religious experience is TRUE? A) Religion has not been shown to play a role in coping. B) Belonging to a religious group can help some individuals cope more effectively. C) Religion is a cause of good physical health. D) A self-directing coping style is linked more closely to improved psychological adjustment than turning to religious groups.
answer
Belonging to a religious group can help some individuals cope more effectively.
question
According to Victor Frankl, which of the following is NOT one of the three most distinct human qualities? A) religion B) spirituality C) freedom D) responsibility
answer
religion
question
middle adulthood
answer
the developmental period beginning at approximately 40 to 45 years of age and extending to about 60 to 65 years of age
question
climacteric
answer
midlife transition in which fertility declines
question
crystallized intelligence
answer
according to Horn, accumulated information and verbal skills which increase with age
question
fluid intelligence
answer
according to Horn, the ability to reason abstractly, which starts to steadily decline in middle adulthood
question
working memory
answer
closely related to short-term memory but places more emphasis on mental activity; refers to a kind of "workbench" area where the brain manipulates and assembles information—making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language
question
meaning-making coping
answer
involves drawing on beliefs, values, and goals to change the meaning of a stressful situation, especially in times of chronic stress, as when a loved one dies
question
Which of the following is Erikson's stage for middle adulthood?
answer
generativity versus stagnation
question
Providing nurturance and guidance to children is an example of __________ generativity.
answer
parental
question
According to Daniel Levinson, adults experience a transition to middle adulthood from ages
answer
40-45
question
According to Levinson, how many major conflicts occur in a man's life since adolescence?
answer
4
question
Which researcher is associated with the Grant Study?
answer
George Vaillant
question
The contemporary life-events approach places emphasis on all of the following EXCEPT A) the economic cost of life events. B) mediating factors of life events. C) adaptation to life events. D) the sociohistorical context of life events.
answer
A) the economic cost of life events.
question
Regarding the cultural context of middle adulthood, which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Most cultures distinguish between young adults and old adults. B) In many cultures, the concept of middle age is not clear. C) In many nonindustrialized societies, a woman's status often declines in middle age. D) The nature of middle age for women in other cultures depends on the modernity of the culture and the culture's view of gender roles.
answer
C) In many nonindustrialized societies, a woman's status often declines in middle age.
question
Which study demonstrated that the big five factors of personality showed considerable stability over adulthood?
answer
Costa and McCrae's Baltimore Study
question
Which longitudinal study distinguished three main groups among the women studied?
answer
Helson's Mills College study
question
In a study by Roberts, Walton, and Bogg, ______ was found to continue to develop in late adulthood.
answer
conscientiousness
question
In the Helson's Mills College Study, women experienced a
answer
midlife consciousness
question
With regard to middle age, which factor in love becomes more important?
answer
loyalty
question
Of married adults at midlife, most say their marriages are
answer
excellent or very good
question
Out of divorcees in middle adulthood, ________ out of four said that they made the right decision to dissolve their marriage, and reported a positive outlook on life.
answer
three
question
Regarding empty nest syndrome, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Parents who live vicariously through their children are less likely to experience empty nest feelings. B) For most parents, marital satisfaction decreases during the years after child rearing. C) Empty nest syndrome may involve "boomerang kids". D) Marital partners have less time for each other with their children gone.
answer
Empty nest syndrome may involve "boomerang kids".
question
Regarding sibling relationships, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Most adult sibling relationships are not close. B) Adult siblings who are close tended to be close in childhood. C) It is quite common for adult siblings to develop closeness for the first time in adulthood. D) All of these statements are true.
answer
Adult siblings who are close tended to be close in childhood.
question
Which of the following is NOT a grandparenting style? A) formal B) care giving C) fun-seeking D) distant
answer
B) care giving
question
Regarding intergenerational relationships, which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Motivation of adult children to provide social support to their older parents is linked with earlier family experiences. B) Married men were more involved with their wives' family than with their own. C) Mothers and daughters tend to have the weakest intergenerational relationships. D) Women's relationships across generations are thought to be closer than other family bonds.
answer
C) Mothers and daughters tend to have the weakest intergenerational relationships
question
contemporary life-events approach
answer
emphasizes that how a life event influences the individual's development depends not only on the life event, but also on mediating factors, the individual's adaptation to the life event, the life-stage context, and the sociohistorical context
question
social clock
answer
the timetable according to which individuals are expected to accomplish life's tasks, such as getting married, having children, and establishing themselves in a career
question
Big Five Factors of Personality
answer
emotional stability (neuroticism), extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
question
empty nest syndrome
answer
a decrease in marital satisfaction after children leave home
question
prefrontal cortex
answer
The area of the brain related to a higher order thinking skill
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New