question

Which is the CORRECT statement about self-esteem? A) Children with high self-esteem have greater initiative. B) High self-esteem children don't engage in antisocial actions. C) Self-esteem research is experimental in methodology. D) There are high correlations between school performance and self-esteem.

answer

A) Children with high self-esteem have greater initiative.

question

Erikson's stage describing socioemotional development for people in middle and late childhood is called A) integrity versus despair. B) initiative versus guilt. C) industry versus inferiority. D) identity versus identity confusion.

answer

C) industry versus inferiority.

question

Which of the following is an important developmental change in emotions during the elementary school years? A) decreased ability to understand complex emotions B) small improvements in the ability to suppress positive emotions C) increased tendency to be aware of the events leading to emotional reactions D) unable to redirect feelings

answer

C) increased tendency to be aware of the events leading to emotional reactions

question

The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes is called A) self-efficacy. B) self-esteem. C) self-determinism. D) self-concept.

answer

A) self-efficacy

question

Which of the following is recommended for parents, teachers, and other care-givers of children who are coping with a stressful event? A) Reassure children of their safety and security. B) Do not allow children to retell events. C) Protect children from reexposure to frightening situations. D) Help children make sense of what happened.

answer

A) Reassure children of their safety and security

question

Which of Kohlberg's levels of moral development involves a personal moral code? A) preconventional B) postconventional C) conventional D) All of Kohlberg's stages involve a personal moral code.

answer

B) postconventional

question

According to Kohlberg, in the __________ stage, moral thinking is tied to punishment. A) individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange B) social systems morality C) universal ethical principles D) heteronomous morality

answer

D) heteronomous morality

question

Carol Gilligan's central criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is that A) the theory reflects a gender bias. B) the theory overemphasizes the role of cognition. C) the theory underemphasizes the role of behavior. D) the theory overestimates the role of culture and family.

answer

A) the theory reflects a gender bias.

question

The moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes communication, relationships with, and concern for others is called A) the connection perspective. B) the care perspective. C) relationship emphasis. D) the justice perspectives.

answer

B) the care perspective.

question

Which type of aggression comprises a greater percentage of girls' overall aggression? A) physical B) verbal C) relational D) emotional

answer

C) relational

question

According to your textbook, which of these statements regarding gender roles is TRUE? A) Researchers have found that high-masculinity adolescent boys never engage in problem behaviors. B) Pollack suggests that boys actually benefit from bottling up their feelings. C) Bem argues that androgynous individuals are more competent, flexible and mentally healthy. D) Masculine and androgynous orientations might be less desirable in traditional academic and work settings because of the achievement demands in these contexts.

answer

C) Bem argues that androgynous individuals are more competent, flexible and mentally healthy.

question

When examining children's peer status, we find that __________ children are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked. A) popular B) neglected C) rejected D) controversial

answer

D) controversial

question

John Coie found that ____________ children have fewer social skills in making friends and maintaining positive relationships with peers. A) controversial B) rejected C) neglected D) isolated

answer

B) rejected

question

Jacob finds his relationship with Akira exciting and amusing. Which function of friendship does their relationship fulfill? A) companionship B) stimulation C) ego support D) social comparison

answer

B) stimulation

question

Schools in low-income neighborhoods face all of the following problems, EXCEPT: A) old and run-down school facilities B) fewer resources C) more experienced teachers who have become bored D) more encouragement of rote learning over thinking skills

answer

C) more experienced teachers who have become bored

question

To improve relations between ethnically diverse students, Eliot Aronson suggested A) turning the class into a jigsaw classroom. B) encouraging students to have positive personal contact with other diverse students. C) encouraging students to engage in perspective-taking. D) helping students think critically when cultural issues are involved.

answer

A) turning the class into a jigsaw classroom

question

Research by Harold Stevenson and his colleagues found that Asian students consistently outperformed American students in math because A) of innate ability. B) American parents had much higher expectations for their child's education. C) American teachers spent less time teaching math than Asian teachers did. D) Asian parents were less likely to help their children with math homework.

answer

C) American teachers spent less time teaching math than Asian teachers did

question

perspective taking

answer

the ability to assume other people's perspectives and understand their thoughts and feelings

question

self-esteem

answer

the global evaluative dimension of the self

question

self-concept

answer

domain-specific evaluations of the self

question

self-efficacy

answer

the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes

question

preconventional reasoning

answer

the lowest level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development; the individual's moral reasoning is controlled primarily by external rewards and punishment

question

heteronomous morality

answer

Kohlberg's first stage in preconventional reasoning, in which moral thinking is tied to punishment

question

individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange

answer

the second Kohlberg stage of moral development; at this stage, individuals pursue their own interests but also let others do the same

question

conventional reasoning

answer

the second, or intermediate, level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development; at this level, individuals abide by certain standards, but they are the standards of others such as parents or the laws of society

question

mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity

answer

Kohlberg's third stage of moral development; at this stage, individuals value trust, caring, and loyalty to others as a basis of moral judgments

question

social systems morality

answer

the fourth stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development; moral judgments are based on understanding the social order, law, justice, and duty

question

postconventional reasoning

answer

the highest level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development; at this level, the individual recognizes alternative moral courses, explores the options, and then decides on a personal moral code

question

social contract or utility and individual rights

answer

the fifth Kohlberg stage; at this stage, individuals reason that values, rights, and principles undergird or transcend the law

question

universal ethical principles

answer

the sixth and highest stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development; individuals develop a moral standard based on universal human rights

question

justice perspective

answer

a moral perspective that focuses on the rights of the individual; individuals independently make moral decisions

question

care perspective

answer

the moral perspective of Carol Gilligan, which views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others

question

social conventional reasoning

answer

conventional rules that have been established by social consensus in order to control behavior and maintain the social system

question

gender stereotypes

answer

broad categories that reflect our impressions and beliefs about females and males

question

androgyny

answer

the presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person

question

popular children

answer

children who are frequently nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers

question

average children

answer

children who receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from peers

question

neglected children

answer

children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend but are not disliked by their peers

question

rejected children

answer

children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend and are actively disliked by their peers

question

controversial children

answer

children who are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked

question

intimacy in friendships

answer

self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts

question

constructivist approach

answer

a learner-centered approach that emphasizes the importance of individuals' actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teacher

question

direct instruction approach

answer

a structured, teacher-centered approach that is characterized by teacher direction and control, mastery of academic skills, high expectations for students' progress, maximum time spent on learning tasks, and efforts to keep negative affect to a minimum

question

mind-set

answer

the cognitive view, either fixed or growing, that individuals develop for themselves

question

Which of the following statements about adolescents today is TRUE? A) Most adolescents are unsuccessful in negotiating the path from childhood to adulthood. B) Most adolescents display a healthy self-image. C) Acting out and boundary testing are ways adolescents reject parental values. D) Adolescents are a homogeneous group with describable characteristics and experiences.

answer

B) Most adolescents display a healthy self-image

question

__________ is a girl's first menstruation. A) Puberty B) Menarche C) Estradiol D) Precocious puberty

answer

B) Menarche

question

__________ is/are to females what __________ is/are to males. A) Ovaries; hormones B) Hormones; sperm C) testosterone; estradiol D) estradiol; testosterone

answer

D) estradiol; testosterone

question

When Shelby began puberty before she was 8 years of age, she was considered to have __________. A) nutritional menarche B) body image preoccupation C) precocious puberty D) hormone-behavior link

answer

C) precocious puberty

question

Which of the following occurs first in male sexual maturation? A) facial hair growth B) increase in penis and testicle size C) first ejaculation D) detectable voice changes

answer

B) increase in penis and testicle size

question

Which of the following statements regarding puberty is TRUE? A) Boys have more negative body images than girls do. B) Older adolescents are more preoccupied with their body image than younger adolescents. C) Late-maturing girls are usually taller and thinner in late adolescence. D) There is little individual variation in puberty.

answer

C) Late-maturing girls are usually taller and thinner in late adolescence.

question

During adolescence, the development of the ____________ improves the ability to process information. A) prefrontal cortex B) corpus callosum C) amygdala D) hypothalamus

answer

B) corpus callosum

question

There has been a dramatic increase in what type of sex during adolescence? A) anal B) genital C) oral D) unprotected

answer

C) oral

question

The use of contraceptives by U.S. high school students has increased from 46.2% in 1991 to ___ in 2007. A) 61.5% B) 53.5% C) 66.2% D) 58.7%

answer

A) 61.5%

question

In a single act of unprotected sex, a teenage girl has a _____ risk of acquiring genital herpes. A) 1% B) 25% C) 30% D) 50%

answer

C) 30%

question

Which of the following statements regarding adolescent pregnancy is FALSE? A) Studies have found that children of adolescent mothers have lower achievement test scores and more behavioral problems than children born to adult mothers. B) Daughters of teenage mothers are more likely to become teenage mothers themselves. C) Adolescent pregnancy increases health risks for mother and offspring. D) America's adolescent pregnancy rate is among the lowest in the Western world.

answer

D) America's adolescent pregnancy rate is among the lowest in the Western world.

question

Mary Carskadon found through her research that when given the opportunity, adolescents will sleep almost _____ hours. A) 7 hours B) 9 hours and 25 minutes C) 11 hours and 30 minutes D) 12 hours

answer

B) 9 hours and 25 minutes

question

Smoking is likely to begin in grades _____ through _____. A) 6; 8 B) 7; 9 C) 9; 10 D) 10; 12

answer

B) 7; 9

question

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa include which characteristic? A) eating healthily B) a fear of becoming ill C) maintaining a normal body weight D) association with depression and/or anxiety

answer

D) association with depression and/or anxiety

question

Piaget's stage describing adolescent cognitive development is called A) concrete operational. B) formal operational. C) sensorimotor. D) preoperational.

answer

B) formal operational.

question

__________ is the heightened sense of self-consciousness in adolescence, described by David Elkind. A) Hypothetical-deductive reasoning B) Adolescent egocentrism C) Withdrawal D) Service learning

answer

B) Adolescent egocentrism

question

Adolescents feel that they are invincible. Elkind called this A) imaginary audience. B) executive functioning. C) values learning. D) personal fable.

answer

D) personal fable.

question

__________ is a form of education that promotes social responsibility in the community. A) Service learning B) Extracurricular activity C) Journaling D) Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

answer

A) Service learning

question

hormones

answer

powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream

question

puberty

answer

period of rapid maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs primarily during early adolescence

question

corpus callosum

answer

the location where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres

question

amygdala

answer

the region of the brain that is the seat of emotions

question

hypothetical-deductive reasoning

answer

Piaget's formal operational concept that adolescents have the cognitive ability to develop hypotheses, or best guesses, about ways to solve problems, such as an algebraic equation

question

imaginary audience

answer

involves adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they are interested in themselves; attention-getting behavior motivated by a desire to be noticed, visible, and "on stage"

question

personal fable

answer

the part of adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent's sense of uniqueness and invincibility

question

top-dog phenomenon

answer

the circumstance of moving from the top position in elementary school to the lowest position in middle or junior high school

question

Erikson's psychosocial stage of development for adolescents is called:

answer

identity vs Identity confusion

question

A person's spiritual beliefs are part of her/his __________ identity.

answer

religious

question

Who identified four identity statuses for adolescence?

answer

James Marcia

question

In identity diffusion, crisis is __________ and commitment is __________.

answer

absent; absent

question

____________ is the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment

answer

identity achievement

question

__________ is an enduring, basic aspect of self that includes a sense of membership in a cultural group and the attitudes and feelings related to that membership.

answer

ethnic identity

question

Which of these statements regarding adolescents and parents is TRUE? A) Many parents have an easy time handling the adolescent's push for autonomy. B) Parent-adolescent conflict increases in early adolescence and is severe. C) Attachment to parents decreases the probability that an adolescent will be socially competent. D) Conflict between parents and adolescents serves a positive developmental function.

answer

D) Conflict between parents and adolescents serves a positive developmental function.

question

Which of the following strategies is NOT recommended advice for adolescents who would like to make friends? A) Be nice. B) Provide social support. C) Be psychologically aggressive. D) Engage in prosocial behavior.

answer

C) Be psychologically aggressive.

question

Mary is a cheerleader and also plays volleyball. She spends most of her time with other athletes. Based on these premises to what type of group does Mary belong?

answer

crowd

question

Concerning romantic relationships, ________ occurs at about 14 to 16 years of age.

answer

exploring romantic relationships

question

__________ is a ceremony or ritual that marks an individual's transition from one status to another.

answer

a rite of passage

question

On average, adolescents spend the most time on which activity?

answer

watching television

question

Delinquency rates are higher among all the following groups EXCEPT: A) minorities. B) low socioeconomic status youth. C) youth living in urban, high-mobility neighborhoods. D) females.

answer

D) females

question

__________ is (are) the third leading cause of death in adolescents.

answer

suicide

question

All the following are common components in programs designed to prevent or reduce adolescent problems EXCEPT: A) intensive individual attention. B) peer mediation. C) community-wide multiagency collaborative approaches. D) early identification and intervention.

answer

peer mediation.

question

narcissism

answer

a self-centered and self-concerned approach toward others

question

crisis

answer

Marcia's term for a period of identity development during which the adolescent chooses among meaningful alternatives

question

commitment

answer

Marcia's term for the part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in what they are going to do

question

identity foreclosure

answer

Marcia's term for adolescents who have made a commitment but have not experienced a crisis

question

identity moratorium

answer

Marcia's term for adolescents who are in the midst of a crisis but whose commitments are either absent or vaguely defined

question

identity achievement

answer

Marcia's term for adolescents who have undergone a crisis and have made a commitment

question

clique

answer

a small group that ranges from 2 to about 12 individuals, averaging about 5 to 6 individuals, which can form because adolescents engage in similar activities

question

According to Arnett, which of the following are NOT key features that characterize emerging adulthood? A) identity exploration B) instability C) commitment to others D) self focused

answer

C) commitment to others

question

In the United States, which of the following is the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood? A) economic independence B) independent decision making C) holding a more-or-less permanent full-time job D) graduation from high school

answer

C) holding a more-or-less permanent full-time job

question

Regarding early adult health knowledge and behavior, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) College students have a poor understanding of what it takes to prevent illness and promote health. B) College students clearly see the relationship between their risk of heart attack and their nutrition and exercise habits. C) In early adulthood, few people stop to think about how their personal lifestyles will affect their health later in their adult lives. D) Most young adults have realistic beliefs about their future health risks.

answer

C) In early adulthood, few people stop to think about how their personal lifestyles will affect their health later in their adult lives.

question

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of physical development in early adulthood? A) reaching the peak of physical performance B) notice of the decline in physical performance C) large changes in the sensory systems D) increase in the body's fatty tissue

answer

large changes in the sensory systems

question

According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, what percentage of American adults 20 years of age and older are obese?

answer

33%

question

All the following biological factors EXCEPT __________ are involved in obesity. A) a change in the human genome B) leptin C) set point D)

answer

A) a change in the human genome

question

Regarding alcohol and drug use, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) About 10% of alcoholics recover, whether they are in a treatment program or not. B) An estimated 20% to 35% of individuals who become alcoholics are believed to have a predisposition towards it. C) Binge drinking peaks at about age 18. D) Cultural variations underscore the environment's role in alcoholism.

answer

D) Cultural variations underscore the environment's role in alcoholism.

question

Which of the following conclusions was NOT made by the 1994 survey of sexual practices among Americans? A) Men think about sex far more often than women do. B) Adultery is less common than originally believed. C) Married and cohabitating people have sex more often than noncohabitating couples. D) Americans' sexual lives are more liberal than suggested by previous surveys

answer

D) Americans' sexual lives are more liberal than suggested by previous surveys

question

Regarding the development of a nonheterosexual sexual orientation, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Being raised by a gay parent increases one's likelihood of being homosexual. B) Sexual orientation is determined by a combination of factors. C) Male homosexuality is thought to be caused by growing up with a dominant mother and weak father. D) Female homosexuality is believed to be caused by girls choosing masculine role models.

answer

Sexual orientation is determined by a combination of factors.

question

Sexually transmitted infections affect about one in every ______ adults.

answer

6

question

Which of the following is NOT a protective measure against AIDS? A) knowing your and your partner's risk status B) having protected sex C) taking acyclovir D) not having sex with multiple partners

answer

C) taking acyclovir

question

__________ is when one person uses his or her power over another individual in a sexual manner.

answer

sexual harassment

question

Which theorist suggests that young adults become less idealistic as they enter the work force and face the constraints of reality?

answer

Gisela Labouvie-Vief

question

According to William Perry, adolescent thinking is __________, and adult thinking is __________.

answer

absolute; relative

question

__________ is a characteristic of postformal thought.

answer

Knowing that the correct answer may vary from situation to situation

question

Researchers have found that creativity peaks in one's _____.

answer

40's

question

A recent survey states that the main sources of stress included all of the following EXCEPT: A) lack of advancement opportunities B) low salaries C) forced objectives D) uncertain job expectations

answer

C) forced objectives

question

Which of the following statements regarding work in early adulthood is FALSE? A) Ethnic diversity is increasing in most developed countries. B) Work and lack of work can both be sources of stress. C) In the United States, one-half of all lawyers, physicians, computer scientists, and chemists today are females. D) Juggling work and family responsibilities is an issue for dual-earner couples.

answer

C) In the United States, one-half of all lawyers, physicians, computer scientists, and chemists today are females.

question

emerging adulthood

answer

the transition from adolescence to adulthood (approximately 18 to 25 years of age) that involves experimentation and exploration

question

aerobic exercise

answer

sustained exercise (such as jogging, swimming, or cycling) that involves oxygen intake and that stimulates heart and lung activity

question

addiction

answer

pattern of behavior characterized by an overwhelming involvement with using a drug and securing its supply

question

postformal thought

answer

a form of thought that involves understanding that the correct answer to a problem can vary and requires reflective thinking; the search for truth is often an ongoing, never-ending process

question

Which of the following aspects of childhood temperament is related to delayed entry into a stable job track during adulthood?

answer

inhibition

question

Tom, a young adult, is often emotional, possessive and demands closeness in his relationships. His adult attachment style would be described as

answer

anxious

question

Computer dating services ask questions about a person's characteristics and attitudes. This practice demonstrates that __________ is an important component in interpersonal attraction.

answer

similarity

question

__________ provides an explanation about why people are attracted to others who are similar to them in attitudes and values. A) Consensual validation B) The matching hypothesis C) Love D) Intimacy versus isolation

answer

Consensual validation

question

What is Erikson's sixth stage of socioemotional development, which describes the most important issues dealt with in early adulthood? A) identity versus identity confusion B) intimacy versus isolation C) generativity versus stagnation D) integrity versus despair

answer

B) intimacy versus isolation

question

__________ love is to romantic love as __________ love is to affectionate love. A) Compassionate; compassionate B) Compassionate; passionate C) Passionate; compassionate D) Passionate; passionate

answer

C) Passionate; compassionate

question

Which researcher is known for studying romantic love and suggesting that sexual desire is the most important ingredient of romantic love? A) Robert Sternberg B) Phillip Shave C) Ellen Berscheid D) Zick Rubin

answer

C) Ellen Berscheid

question

According to Robert Sternberg, consummate love involves the presence of

answer

passion, intimacy, and commitment.

question

Which of the following statements regarding gender differences in friendships is TRUE? A) Men have more close friends than women do. B) Male friends are more likely to talk rather than engage in activities together. C) Female patterns of friendship typically involve activities. D) Women's friendships are more intimate.

answer

Women's friendships are more intimate.

question

According to Popenoe, et al, all of the following EXCEPT _______ are problems that many couples who cohabit face. A) disapproval by parents B) owning property jointly C) legal rights on the dissolution of the relationship D) sexual problems

answer

sexual problems

question

In the United States, the average duration of a marriage is just over ______ years.

answer

9

question

Many people remarry not for love but for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A) financial reasons B) help in rearing children C) religious reasons D) reduction in loneliness

answer

C) religious reasons

question

Which of John Gottman's successful marriage principles is reflected in his advice to regulate emotions, compromise, and be tolerant of each other's faults?

answer

solving solvable conflicts

question

According to Hetherington which of the following pathways for divorcees is described by one who spends time in singles bars and has casual sex for about a year then begins to want a stable relationship?

answer

The libertine

question

Which of the following statements regarding marriage is TRUE? A) Realistic expectations and myths about marriage contribute to marital dissatisfaction and divorce. B) Overall, women are less expressive and affectionate in marriage. C) The presence of children increases marital satisfaction. D) Happily married people live longer, healthier lives than divorced people or those who are unhappily married.

answer

D) Happily married people live longer, healthier lives than divorced people or those who are unhappily married.

question

Which of the following statements regarding parenting roles is TRUE? A) There is a tendency today toward larger families. B) Having children late in life provides many more benefits than having children early. C) Mothers are naturally better parents than fathers are. D) One of the consequences of having fewer children is that men are apt to invest a greater amount of time in fathering.

answer

D) One of the consequences of having fewer children is that men are apt to invest a greater amount of time in fathering.

question

According to Tannen, men's lack of ______ talk bothers many women.

answer

rapport

question

secure attachment style

answer

adults that have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned with or stressed out about their romantic relationships

question

avoidant attachment style

answer

adults that are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and once in a relationship tend to distance themselves from their partner

question

anxious attachment style

answer

these individuals demand closeness, are less trusting and are more emotional, jealous and possessive

question

consensual validation

answer

Individuals are attracted to people who are similar to them because our own attitudes and behavior are supported and confirmed when someone else's attitudes and behavior are similar to our own.

question

matching hypothesis

answer

explains that although we may prefer a more attractive person in the abstract, in the real world we end up choosing someone who is close to our level of attractiveness

question

romantic love

answer

also called eros; emotion that has strong sexual and infatuation components and often predominates in the early period of a love relationship

question

affectionate love

answer

also called "companionate love"; the individual desires to have the other person near and has a deep, caring affection for that person

question

rapport talk

answer

the language of conversation; it is a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships

question

report talk

answer

talk that is designed to give information and includes public speaking

question

The changing nature of middle age can be accounted for by the fact that A) average life expectancy has increased dramatically in the past century. B) people today are more active and productive at later ages. C) medical discoveries have improved health in adulthood. D) All of these explain why the concept of middle age is changing.

answer

D) All of these explain why the concept of middle age is changing

question

Regarding physical changes in middle adulthood, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Midlife changes are mostly rapid. B) Genetic factors alone are the primary predictors of which chronic diseases will appear and when. C) Physical changes include changes in physical appearance such as wrinkles and age spots. D) Being overweight is not a critical health problem in middle adulthood.

answer

C) Physical changes include changes in physical appearance such as wrinkles and age spots.

question

In middle adulthood, individuals typically experience which of the following sleep patterns?

answer

around the same number of hours spent in sleep as in early adulthood

question

______________ is a condition in middle adulthood which can lead to the development of diabetes and is characterized by hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance.

answer

Metabolic syndrome

question

During midlife, ________________ slowly accumulates on the artery walls, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

answer

cholesterol

question

________ is the transitional time between the beginning of the climacteric period and menopause.

answer

Perimenopause

question

Research has found that as much as ______ of the erectile dysfunction in middle-aged men stem from physiological problems.

answer

75%

question

Which of the following statements regarding menopause is TRUE? A) The average age at which women experience menopause is 42. B) The average age at which women have their last period is 51. C) The majority of women experience serious psychological problems related to menopause. D) Hormone replacement therapy has been researched and been found to have minimal side-effects.

answer

B) The average age at which women have their last period is 51.

question

The success rate for the drug Viagra is between _________.

answer

60% and 85%.

question

A physiological cause of impotence is

answer

hypertension, diabetes and elevated cholesterol.

question

Which researcher(s) argue(s) that crystallized intelligence increases in middle age, while fluid intelligence decreases?

answer

John Horn

question

Who initiated the Seattle Longitudinal Study?

answer

K. Warner Schaie

question

_______________ is the ability to recognize and understand patterns, and relationships in a problem and use this understanding to solve other instances of the problem.

answer

Inductive reasoning

question

__________ involves having an extensive, highly organized knowledge and understanding of a particular domain.

answer

Expertise

question

According to the Seattle Longitudinal Study, verbal memory peaks in the

answer

50's

question

Why do psychologists believe leisure takes on increased importance in middle adulthood?

answer

Middle adults need to begin preparing psychologically for retirement; Men in midlife who take annual vacations are less likely to die of coronary heart disease, Middle adulthood physical and career changes produce expanded opportunities for leisure.

question

In the MacArthur Study of Midlife Development (published in 1999), which percentage of middle-aged adult Americans considered religion or spirituality a major part of their lives?

answer

70%

question

Which of the following statements regarding religious experience is TRUE? A) Religion has not been shown to play a role in coping. B) Belonging to a religious group can help some individuals cope more effectively. C) Religion is a cause of good physical health. D) A self-directing coping style is linked more closely to improved psychological adjustment than turning to religious groups.

answer

Belonging to a religious group can help some individuals cope more effectively.

question

According to Victor Frankl, which of the following is NOT one of the three most distinct human qualities? A) religion B) spirituality C) freedom D) responsibility

answer

religion

question

middle adulthood

answer

the developmental period beginning at approximately 40 to 45 years of age and extending to about 60 to 65 years of age

question

climacteric

answer

midlife transition in which fertility declines

question

crystallized intelligence

answer

according to Horn, accumulated information and verbal skills which increase with age

question

fluid intelligence

answer

according to Horn, the ability to reason abstractly, which starts to steadily decline in middle adulthood

question

working memory

answer

closely related to short-term memory but places more emphasis on mental activity; refers to a kind of "workbench" area where the brain manipulates and assembles information—making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language

question

meaning-making coping

answer

involves drawing on beliefs, values, and goals to change the meaning of a stressful situation, especially in times of chronic stress, as when a loved one dies

question

Which of the following is Erikson's stage for middle adulthood?

answer

generativity versus stagnation

question

Providing nurturance and guidance to children is an example of __________ generativity.

answer

parental

question

According to Daniel Levinson, adults experience a transition to middle adulthood from ages

answer

40-45

question

According to Levinson, how many major conflicts occur in a man's life since adolescence?

answer

4

question

Which researcher is associated with the Grant Study?

answer

George Vaillant

question

The contemporary life-events approach places emphasis on all of the following EXCEPT A) the economic cost of life events. B) mediating factors of life events. C) adaptation to life events. D) the sociohistorical context of life events.

answer

A) the economic cost of life events.

question

Regarding the cultural context of middle adulthood, which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Most cultures distinguish between young adults and old adults. B) In many cultures, the concept of middle age is not clear. C) In many nonindustrialized societies, a woman's status often declines in middle age. D) The nature of middle age for women in other cultures depends on the modernity of the culture and the culture's view of gender roles.

answer

C) In many nonindustrialized societies, a woman's status often declines in middle age.

question

Which study demonstrated that the big five factors of personality showed considerable stability over adulthood?

answer

Costa and McCrae's Baltimore Study

question

Which longitudinal study distinguished three main groups among the women studied?

answer

Helson's Mills College study

question

In a study by Roberts, Walton, and Bogg, ______ was found to continue to develop in late adulthood.

answer

conscientiousness

question

In the Helson's Mills College Study, women experienced a

answer

midlife consciousness

question

With regard to middle age, which factor in love becomes more important?

answer

loyalty

question

Of married adults at midlife, most say their marriages are

answer

excellent or very good

question

Out of divorcees in middle adulthood, ________ out of four said that they made the right decision to dissolve their marriage, and reported a positive outlook on life.

answer

three

question

Regarding empty nest syndrome, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Parents who live vicariously through their children are less likely to experience empty nest feelings. B) For most parents, marital satisfaction decreases during the years after child rearing. C) Empty nest syndrome may involve "boomerang kids". D) Marital partners have less time for each other with their children gone.

answer

Empty nest syndrome may involve "boomerang kids".

question

Regarding sibling relationships, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Most adult sibling relationships are not close. B) Adult siblings who are close tended to be close in childhood. C) It is quite common for adult siblings to develop closeness for the first time in adulthood. D) All of these statements are true.

answer

Adult siblings who are close tended to be close in childhood.

question

Which of the following is NOT a grandparenting style? A) formal B) care giving C) fun-seeking D) distant

answer

B) care giving

question

Regarding intergenerational relationships, which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Motivation of adult children to provide social support to their older parents is linked with earlier family experiences. B) Married men were more involved with their wives' family than with their own. C) Mothers and daughters tend to have the weakest intergenerational relationships. D) Women's relationships across generations are thought to be closer than other family bonds.

answer

C) Mothers and daughters tend to have the weakest intergenerational relationships

question

contemporary life-events approach

answer

emphasizes that how a life event influences the individual's development depends not only on the life event, but also on mediating factors, the individual's adaptation to the life event, the life-stage context, and the sociohistorical context

question

social clock

answer

the timetable according to which individuals are expected to accomplish life's tasks, such as getting married, having children, and establishing themselves in a career

question

Big Five Factors of Personality

answer

emotional stability (neuroticism), extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

question

empty nest syndrome

answer

a decrease in marital satisfaction after children leave home

question

prefrontal cortex

answer

The area of the brain related to a higher order thinking skill

HDFS Chapter 10-16 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards