question

During the decade of the twenties, there is a sharp rise in the extent to which people feel they

answer

are personally in control of the events in their lives.

question

The life pursuits and subjective judgments of many contemporary young people have spawned the ______________ transitional period, extending from the late teens to the mid-twenties

answer

emerging adulthood

question

Which of the following is true about emerging adulthood?

answer

Many emerging adults construct their own individualistic religious beliefs.

question

Janet, an emerging adult, believes in her ability to succeed. She is determined to overcome obstacles and takes personal responsibility for both positive and negative outcomes. Janet has a well-developed

answer

sense of personal agency

question

Which of the following statements accurately explains the recent appearance of the emerging adulthood transitional period?

answer

Entry-level positions in many fields require more education than in the past.

question

Which 22-year-old is the most likely to experience emerging adulthood?

answer

Percy, a high-SES male in the United Kingdom

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about risk and resilience in emerging adulthood?

answer

Feelings of loneliness are higher during the emerging adulthood years than at any other time in life.

question

Low-SES young people in Western nations

answer

experience a limited or nonexistent emerging adulthood.

question

Dr. Tevye recognizes that cultural change has prolonged the transition to adult roles for many young people. However, he does not agree that this change merits the creation of a new developmental period. Which of the following statements is Dr. Tevye the most likely to agree with?

answer

Transitions occur during all periods of the lifespan, with societal conditions heavily influencing their length and complexity.

question

According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of early adulthood is

answer

intimacy versus isolation.

question

Some aspects of ____________, such as childbearing and child rearing, are under way in early adulthood.

answer

generativity

question

According to Levinson, each season of life begins with a __________, which concludes the previous era and prepares the person for the next one.

answer

transition

question

According to Levinson, wide individual differences exist in the weight of central and peripheral components of a persons

answer

life structure.

question

Gia characterizes her life as full of energy and abundance, contradiction, and stress. According to Levinson, Gia is probably a(n)

answer

young adult.

question

According to Levinson, which of the following is true about gender differences in dreams?

answer

Most career-oriented women display split dreams involving both marriage and career.

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When Paul started his job, he developed a close relationship with Richard, a senior colleague. Richard helped Paul succeed in his job, and with his help, Paul was quickly promoted. According to Levinson, Richard

answer

acted as a mentor to Paul.

question

Which of the following individuals is the most likely to experience a psychological crisis during the age-30 transition?

answer

Miles, who has no romantic relationships and a dissatisfying job

question

Marnie stayed at home with her two children for 10 years before resuming her career in her early thirties. She is likely to reach career maturity and take on more authority in the community

answer

in middle adulthood.

question

The major difference between Levinson and Vaillant is that Vaillants theory

answer

denies a strict age-related schedule of change.

question

According to Vaillant, men become keepers of meaning, or guardians of their culture, in their

answer

fifties and sixties.

question

Tabitha, age 22, felt stressed about the direction of her life. She had always planned to be married by 24 and have her first baby by 26. Tabithas age-graded expectations are

answer

consistent with the feminine social clock.

question

Christine, a college graduate, held a variety of part-time jobs in her early twenties. She had neither married nor begun a career by age 30. According to Neugarten, Christine is likely to

answer

suffer from self-doubt and lack confidence.

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__________________ seems to foster confidence during early adulthood because it guarantees that young people will engage in the work of society, develop skills, and gain in understanding of the self and others.

answer

Following a social clock

question

Which of the following is true about mate selection?

answer

Little support exists for the idea that opposites attract.

question

Research suggests that when Bobby and Betty select their mates, Betty will assign greater weight to __________, while Bobby will place more emphasis on ______________.

answer

ambition; physical attractiveness

question

According to Sternbergs triangular theory of love,

answer

intimacy, passion, and commitment shift in emphasis as romantic relationships develop.

question

Adam and Dianne have a warm and trusting relationship. They share attitudes and values. They exchange trusting affection and caregiving. According to Sternberg, Adam and Dianne display ___________ love.

answer

companionate

question

Gayle has had a few dates with Joine. Early ________ love is a strong predictor of whether they will keep dating.

answer

passionate

question

In the transformation of romantic involvements from passionate to companionate, __________ may be the aspect of love that determines whether a relationship survives.

answer

commitment

question

Maryellen and Mitchell have been dating for over a year. Their romance will most likely break up without ____________ love.

answer

companionate

question

Sal and Sadie have been married for 40 years. When asked to compare their current relationship to when they were newlyweds, they are most likely to say that

answer

they love each other more now than they did earlier.

question

An important feature of good communication in a romantic relationship is

answer

constructive conflict resolution.

question

Which of the following is true about perceptions of intimate relationships in Eastern cultures?

answer

In choosing a mate, young people are expected to consider obligations to others.

question

College students of Asian ethnicity are more likely than their Caucasian-American peers to endorse a view of love strongly based on

answer

companionship.

question

Adrian developed a secure attachment to his parents when he was a child. Adrian probably characterizes his most important adult love relationship in terms of

answer

trust, friendship, and happiness.

question

Because Jessies past relationships have been characterized by jealousy and emotional distance, she feels a great deal of mistrust toward her romantic partners. She is anxious about people getting too close and stresses the need for independence in her relationships. Based on this information, we can conclude that Jessie has a(n) __________ attachment history.

answer

avoidant

question

Adult friends tend to be

answer

similar to each other in most ways.

question

Women generally evaluate their same-sex friendships more positively than men because

answer

women experience a more equitable balance of power.

question

Throughout adulthood, friendships continue to be

answer

vital contexts for personal sharing.

question

Which statement is true of long-lasting male friendships compared to shorter-term friendships?

answer

Long-lasting male friends disclose more personal information to one another.

question

Compared with same-sex friendships, other-sex friendships

answer

are as common as romantic relationships during the college years.

question

Which person will probably have the highest number of other-sex friends?

answer

Kari, an employed female chemist

question

Which of the following is true about other-sex friendships?

answer

When a solid other-sex friendship evolves into a romance, it may be very stable and enduring.

question

Lisa, age 27, is unhappy because she lacks the gratifying friendships she once had during college and she does not have an intimate partner. Lisa is experiencing

answer

loneliness.

question

Which of the following is true about loneliness?

answer

Loneliness rises during early adulthood because young adults expect more from their intimate ties.

question

If they are all statistically average, which of the following individuals is most likely to be lonely?

answer

Donna, who is 25 years old and has recently divorced

question

Immigrants from collectivist cultures report

answer

higher levels of loneliness than people born in the United States and Canada.

question

Sarah is socially anxious and has an avoidant attachment history. Which of the following is probably true?

answer

She has periods of intense loneliness.

question

Which person is the most likely to experience loneliness?

answer

Melissa, who is socially unresponsive

question

As long as it is not overwhelming, ___________ can motivate young people to reach out to others.

answer

loneliness

question

Emma left home to attend college and lived on her own until she got married. As her own children grew up and left home, her parenting responsibilities declined. She eventually retired and her husband died. This sequence of life phases that Emma has experienced is referred to as the

answer

family life cycle.

question

Which of the following is true about the family life cycle?

answer

Some people do not experience all family life-cycle phases.

question

Residential independence

answer

rises steadily with agea trend evident in most industrialized nations.

question

Which individual is most likely to establish early residential independence?

answer

Gretchen, whose parents are divorced and combative

question

Tanya is a single 22-year-old. She moved out of her parents home and into her own apartment just to be independent. Which of the following statements about Tanya is probably true?

answer

Nearly half of young adults like Tanya return home for a brief time after leaving.

question

Which of the following young adults is the most likely to live with his parents?

answer

Jose, a Hispanic American

question

Which young adult is more likely to live on her own?

answer

Julia, an economically successful Caucasian American

question

Leaving home very early is associated with a(n)

answer

unsuccessful work life.

question

What percent of Americans marry at least once?

answer

90

question

The average age of first marriage in the United States has

answer

increased for both men and women over the last half century.

question

________ is the most consistent predictor of marital stability.

answer

Age of marriage

question

Which couple will face extra challenges in achieving a successful transition to married life?

answer

Ken, an African-American Baptist, and Eileen, an Asian-American Mormon, who married at age 21

question

Jessica and Rick are married. They both try to balance the time and energy they devote to their occupations, their children, and their relationship. They have a(n) __________ marriage.

answer

egalitarian

question

Mike and Carol are married. Mike is the head of the household. He works outside the home as an architect. Carol devotes herself to caring for Mike and their children and creating a comfortable home. They have a(n) ____________ marriage.

answer

taditional

question

Adria is a well-educated woman who is seeking a job in engineering. Adria probably expects to form a(n) ____________ marriage.

answer

egalitarian

question

Barney and Cynthia met in college and married after they both graduated. They both work full-time. Which of the following is probably true?

answer

Cynthia spends nearly twice as much time as Barney on housework.

question

Which of the following couples is most likely to report high marital satisfaction?

answer

Taylor and Lucas, who waited to get married they until both had secure employmen

question

Which of the following statements about marital satisfaction is true?

answer

The sharing of family responsibilities usually enhances both mens and womens marital satisfaction.

question

Today, in Western industrialized nations, parenthood is a(n)

answer

matter of true individual choice.

question

Which of the following statements is true about violence in families?

answer

When researchers ask American couples about fights that led to acts of hostility, men and women report similar rates of assault.

question

Which of these factors is most likely to lead to partner abuse

answer

The abuser is dependent, jealous, and possessive.

question

Many perpetrators treated for partner abuse

answer

repeat their violent behavior with the same or a new partner.

question

Which woman is more likely to delay parenthood or decide against it altogether?

answer

Renae, who has a high-status, demanding job.

question

Stimulation and fun, as well as growth and learning experiences, are some of the most important reasons that many adults cite for choosing to

answer

have children.

question

The most common disadvantage of parenthood cited by contemporary couples is

answer

the loss of freedom.

question

After the birth of a first child, parents gender roles

answer

often become more traditional.

question

For most new parents, the arrival of a new baby

answer

does not cause significant marital strain.

question

Postponing childbearing until the late twenties or thirties

answer

eases the transition to parenthood.

question

Brad and Karin found that their gender roles became more traditional after the birth of their first child, despite the egalitarian marriage they both had worked hard to achieve. Which of the following will probably occur after the birth of their second child?

answer

Brad will take an active role in parenting by caring for one child while Karin tends to the other.

question

Stephanie is a new mother. While she is entitled to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave from work, she returns to her job after only four weeks. What is the most likely reason for Stephanies decision?

answer

Financial pressures do not allow her to take more time off without pay.

question

Men and women today are _____________ than in previous generations.

answer

less certain about how to rear children

question

Mr. and Mrs. McPhillips work together as a coparenting team. This will likely result in

answer

favorable child development.

question

Which of the following is true about parenting young children?

answer

Rearing young children is a powerful source of adult development.

question

Parents of __________ often report a dip in marital and life satisfaction.

answer

adolescents

question

Which of the following is true about parent education?

answer

Fathers frequently turn to mothers to figure out how to relate to their child, especially if they have a close marriage.

question

Improved family communication, more flexible parenting attitudes, and social support are all benefits of

answer

parent education courses.

question

In view of recent trends, it is likely that most Americans will spend a substantial part of their adult lives

answer

single.

question

Which groups of people are overrepresented among singles after age 30?

answer

Men in blue-collar occupations and women in prestigious careers.

question

Raymond is a single African American in his thirties. Statistically, what is the most likely reason for Raymonds singlehood?

answer

unemployment

question

Which of the following statements about singlehood is accurate?

answer

Because they marry later, more young adult men than women are single.

question

Russell and Janine are involved in a sexually intimate relationship and share an apartment. Their relationship is referred to as

answer

cohabitation.

question

In Western nations, there has been an especially dramatic increase in cohabitation among

answer

well-educated young people.

question

Which person is the most likely to cohabit instead of getting married?

answer

Trevor, who is divorced

question

Which of the following is true about the differences between American and Western European attitudes toward cohabitation?

answer

When cohabiting Western Europeans decide to marry, they more often do so to legalize their relationship.

question

Dennis and Kristen are an American cohabiting couple who are not engaged to be married. Compared with their friends who waited to live together until after they were engaged or married, which of the following is likely to be true?

answer

They are more androgynous.

question

Cohabiters are more likely than married people to

answer

have poorer-quality relationships.

question

Same-sex civil unions are ____________ heterosexual marriages.

answer

as stable as

question

Bernice and Leo never had children. They married in their thirties, and their efforts at fertility treatments did not succeed. Bernice and Leo are

answer

involuntarily childless.

question

The voluntary childless are usually

answer

college-educated.

question

Childlessness interferes with adjustment and life satisfaction

answer

only when it is beyond a persons control.

question

Divorce rates in the United States have ______ since the mid-1980s.

answer

stabilized

question

Most divorces occur

answer

within the first 7 years of marriage.

question

About _______ of divorced people remarry.

answer

two-thirds

question

Which of the following is true about factors related to divorce?

answer

Infidelity and substance abuse are among the strongest predictors of divorce.

question

Which of the following individuals is the most likely to have an especially hard time following a divorce?

answer

Beatrice, who was a homemaker throughout her marriage

question

Remarriages are

answer

especially vulnerable to breakup.

question

Which of the following individuals is the most likely to quickly establish positive bonds with stepchildren?

answer

Barry, a stepfather with children of his own

question

In the United States, ___________ make up the largest group of never-married parents.

answer

African-American young women

question

For never-married low-SES women, child support enforcement

answer

reduces financial stress.

question

Which of the following is true about children of never-married mothers?

answer

They are benefited by parental marriage only if the father is a reliable source of support.

question

Research suggests that

answer

gay parents are just as committed and effective as heterosexual parents

question

Sabines mother is a lesbian. Sabine will most likely be

answer

heterosexual and well-adjusted.

question

The Wheelocks are both attorneys. Research suggests that Mrs. Wheelocks career path will be __________ and Mr. Wheelocks career path will be __________.

answer

discontinuous; continuous

question

On average, people in their twenties move to a new job every

answer

two years.

question

Laurie just started a new job in her chosen field. She wants to select a helpful mentor. Which person would probably be her best choice?

answer

a member of her professional association

question

Women just graduating from college now earn ________ as much as men.

answer

about 80 percent

question

Ten years after college graduation, the gender pay gap

answer

widens.

question

Women who pursue nontraditional careers

answer

usually have masculine traits, such as high achievement orientation and self-reliance.

question

African Americans usually _______________ than Caucasian Americans with equivalent job qualifications.

answer

experience less stable employment

question

The dominant family form today is the

answer

dual-earner marriage.

HDFS 2400 – Chapter 14

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