question

which of the following does not describe how children develop in the preschool years of early childhood, compared to their development as toddlers?

answer

C) their verbal development slows down

question

physical development during early childhood includes which of the following?

answer

A) Cartilage turns to bone, and bones become harder

question

a key to preventing obesity in children is to...

answer

A) have individual servings of appropriate portions

question

children who cannot recognize the sensation that their bladder is full often suffer from enuresis, which is commonly known as...

answer

D) bedwetting

question

Nightmares during early childhood

answer

D) are serious only if they occur frequently

question

repeated urination in clothing or in bed is called...

answer

B) Enuresis

question

gross motor coordination allows a child to

answer

C) Jump and top

question

nightmares during early childhood #2

answer

D) are serious only if they occur frequently

question

according to the text, children are usually not physically ready to participate in organized sports until they are..

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C) about 6 years old

question

what percent of children and adults are right handed?

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D) 82%

question

the pictorial stage in young children's drawings typically begins between the ages of ____ and ______

answer

C) 4; 5

question

the reason many of the major diseases of childhood, such as measles, whopping cough, and tuberculosis, are now fairly rare in western industrialized countries is because of...

answer

A) widespread immunizations

question

injuries in childhood...

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A) are likely to be frequent but minor

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which of the following is NOT mentioned in the textbook as something that has been done legally to make young childhood safer?

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D) Require mandatory immunizations

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the risk of illness, injury, and death in childhood is most strongly related to the family's

answer

A) socioeconomic status

question

parental smoking increases the likelihood that young children may contract a number of medical problems, including which of the following?

answer

A) Pneumonia

question

what is true regarding children and food allergies?

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B) children typically outgrow many food allergies

question

the proportion of children living in poverty in the United States is...

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B) 2 in 5

question

environmental health steps to prevent lead poisoning include all of the following EXCEPT

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B) screening of residents in areas where the majority of the houses were built before 1950

question

the symbolic function allows young children to...

answer

B) refer to mental representations of objects they have seen before

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when children repeat an action that they saw someone else perform at an earlier time, they are demonstrating...

answer

A) deferred imitation

question

Focusing on only one aspect of a situation and neglecting others is called...

answer

A) centration

question

Piaget concluded that young children come to illogical conclusions because they cannot _____________ and think about several aspects of a situation at the same time

answer

C) decenter

question

according to twin and adoption studies, family life has its strongest influence during which period?

answer

D) middle childhood

question

the ability of young children to retain the meaning of a new word after having heard it used in conversation only once or twice is called...

answer

A) fast mapping

question

the mastery of the skills that are necessary before a child can begin to read include the knowledge and attitudes that underlie reading. this is referred to as

answer

A) emergent literacy

question

a system of descriptive and evaluative representations about the self is called...

answer

A) self concept

question

the judgement children make about their overall worth is their...

answer

C) Self esteem

question

understanding their emotions helps children to do all of the following EXCEPT

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D) control all social situations

question

according to erikson, which of the following is the central issue of early childhood?

answer

C) initiative versus guilt

question

psychological or behavioral differences between males and females are called

answer

B) gender differences

question

one of the measurable differences between males and females is that females....

answer

A) have a biological advantage for survival

question

gender difference are believed to be influenced by

answer

D) all of these

question

research has linked aggressive behavior in certain animals to prenatal exposure to the hormone...

answer

C) testosterone

question

according to __________, male competitiveness and aggressiveness and female nurturance develop during childhood as preparation for these adult roles

answer

A) evolutionary theory

question

which of the following patterns is INCONSISTENT with kohlbergs

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A) a young boy has acquired gender constancy and refuses to play dolls with his sister

question

in socializing children, parents generally

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B) give girls more latitude than boys with regard to gender roles

question

a method of molding character, teaching self-control, and encouraging acceptable behavior is called.....

answer

B) discipline

question

if punishment is used, it is best administered...

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A) as soon as the unacceptable behavior begins

question

which kind of parental style emphasizes control and unquestioning obedience?

answer

A) Authoritarian

question

research suggests that the most self-reliant, self-controlled, and contented children have parents who are..

answer

C) authoritative

question

which of the following statements about aggression in early childhood is NOT true?

answer

C) it increases between the ages of 2 and 5

question

all of the following are examples of relational aggression, also called indirect or psychological aggression, except...

answer

D) hair-pulling

question

fears develop during early childhood because young children...

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B) have trouble separating reality from fantasy

question

which country has mandated that families have only one child?

answer

B) China

question

with regard to physical growth during middle childhood,

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C) both boys and girls gain about the same amount of weight each year

question

compared with early childhood, during middle childhood, sleep needs

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B) decline

question

which of the following statements is true?

answer

D) rough and tumble play peaks in middle childhood

question

which of the following statements is true?? (body image)

answer

D) all of the above

question

the outcomes of the changes in diet and exercise for many American children is that...

answer

B) they usually have a better body image and self esteem

question

the most prevalent chronic illness in childhood is

answer

B) asthma

question

what is the leading cause of death in middle childhood?

answer

A) injury by accident

question

according to Piaget, children enter which stage at about the age of 7?

answer

C) concrete operational

question

the use of estimation in solving math problems appears to ____ during middle childhood

answer

A) Improve

question

which memory strategy links items together in a story or scene?

answer

B) elaboration

question

intelligence tests used in middle childhood are..

answer

A) good predictors of achievement in school, especially for verbal children

question

which of the following elements is NOT included by Robert Sternberg in his triarchic theory of intelligence?

answer

D) Conceptual

question

the rules by which words are organized into phrases and sentences are called

answer

A) syntax

question

the skills involved in developing meta cognition include all of the following strategies except

answer

D) improving spelling

question

what is the effect of parents' involvement in their children's schooling?

answer

A) parental involvement improves children's attitudes and performance

question

which parenting style seems to promote high achieving children?

answer

C) authoritative

question

congress adopted an act to improve educational accountability, parental options, and local flexibility. this act is called

answer

B) no child left behind

question

homeschooling is legal in ___ of the 50 united states

answer

D) 50

question

mental retardation is indicated by an iq below

answer

D) 70

question

disorders that interfere with specific aspects of school achievement are called...

answer

B) learning disabilities

question

in the neo-piagetian scheme of self-concept development, the third stage of development, which begins around 7 or 8 years of age, involves the ability to form

answer

A) representational systems

question

the major contributor to selfesteem is

answer

C) coordination of personal and social demands

question

a child with high self-esteem would..

answer

C) volunteer to help someone else

question

ericksons developmental crisis of middle childhood ( 6 to 12) is

answer

C) industry versus inferiority

question

children become more empathetic and more inclined to prosocial behavior during the period of

answer

B) middle childhood

question

prosocial children tend to

answer

D) all of the above

question

parents can help children develop coregulation by

answer

D) all of these

question

which of the following parental statements is most representative of the process of coregulation?

answer

B) if you touch the television again you will get a time out

question

parents who continue to use physical punishment after age 10 tend to have children who

answer

D) are likely to have poor relationships with the parents as they approach adolescence

question

which of the following is not a type of nontraditional family structure referred to in the textbook?

answer

A) two parent families

question

which of the following factors is not usually mentioned in discussions about what influences a childs adjustment to divorce?

answer

B) whether the child has a healthy sense of self

question

which of the following statements regarding children raised by gay or lesbian parents us true?

answer

A) the child tend to have positive relationships with their parents

question

negative influences of peer groups include all of the following except

answer

b) counteracting the parents influence

question

unpopularity during middle childhood is

answer

C) often related to later adjustment problems.

question

according to one study, girls value which aspect of friendship?

answer

A) depth

question

since people often become hostile when someone acts aggressively toward them, a hostile attibution bias may become

answer

B) self fulfilling prophecy

question

the long term influence of televised violence is greatest in

answer

B) middle childhood

question

a primetime for bullying to take place is

answer

A) early childhood

question

bullying can affect the school atmosphere and increases the likelihood that children will manifest all following except

answer

C) being held back in school

question

extreme fear and/or avoidance of social situation is known as

answer

C) social phobia

question

which of the following does not describe childhood depression?

answer

C) it is rarely serious and can safely be ignored

question

which type of therapy is based on learning theory?

answer

C) behavior

question

resilient children are most likely to be all of the following except,

answer

D) experiencing a challenging situation or frustration problem for the first time

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