HBS unit 3 study guide – Flashcards
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excretion
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removes metabolic waste from the blood which came from cells - urea, toxins, drugs (excretory system function)
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maintain blood volume and concentration
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balances various products and removes excess from the blood in the form of urine (excretory system function)
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Kidneys
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filter blood to make urine, maintain homeostasis by controlling the chemical composition of the blood
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ureters
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tubes that carry urine from kidney to urinary bladder
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urinary bladder
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stores urine until it is expelled
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urethra
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tube through which urine is expelled from body
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renal artery
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carries blood to the kidney
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renal vein
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carries blood away from the kidneys
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inferior vena cava
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major vein that the renal vein flows into. carries blood back to heart
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aorta
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major artery that delivers blood from the heat to the renal artery
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renal cortex
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outer region of the kidney
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renal medulla
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consist of cone shaped pyramids that lie on the inner part of the renal cortex
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renal pelvis
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area where urine collects and is transported to the bladder through the tube called the ureter
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nephron
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filter out urea and other solutes ( salt, sugar)
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blood plasma
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.............. filtered into nephron
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filtration
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fluids from blood collected. includes water and solutes
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reabsorption
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selectively reabsorb needed substances back to blood
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secretion
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pump out unwanted substances to urine
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bowmans capsule
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site of filtration, formation of filtrate
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proximal tubule, loop of henle,
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reabsorption
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distal tubule
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secretion, reabsorption
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collecting duct
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carries urine to renal pelvis, reabsorption, secretion
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respiratory system
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gas exchanges between the blood and external environment
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internal respiration
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an exchange of gases between the cells of the body and the blood way of the fluid bathing the cells
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external respiration
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gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveloi. oxygen is loaded into blood. co2 is unloaded from blood
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tidal volume
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the volume of air breathed in and without conscious effort (subconscious, normal breathing)
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reserve volume
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additional volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation of forcibly inhaled
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involuntary breathing
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medulla
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digestive system
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mouth, pharnx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
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pancreas
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enzyme producing gland located below the stomach and above intestines, excretes enzymes to break down proteins, lipids, carbs, and nucleic acids in foods
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small intestine
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absorb nutrients, glands in intestine walls help break down sugars and starches
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large intestines
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removes water and salts (electrolytes) from undigested material and to form solid waste that can be excreted
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mastication
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chewing, process by which food is crushed and grounded by teeth
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churning
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makes food in stomach break down in size giving larger Surface area
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amalase
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continues breakdowns of starches(sugars)
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pepsin
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breaks down proteins into large peptides
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carbohydrates
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simple/ complex..sugars/starches
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ketoacidosis
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burning of fat this is caused when body runs out of insulin
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ADH
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increases water reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. decreases the amount of water lost in urine (decreases urine volume) which increases blood volumes
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oxyhemoglobin
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oxygen combined with RBC
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% of filtration eventually reabsorbed into blood stream
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70%
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visceral membrane, pulmonary pluera
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surface of lungs
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parietal pluera membrane
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lines walls of thoracic cavity
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1.0010 dilute
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specific gravity
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plueral fluid
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fills in area btwn the two layers
