Guffey 4 – Flashcard
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what does the sender do in communication?
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encodes (selects) words or symbols to express an idea in a message
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how does a senders message travel?
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travels verbally over a channel (such as an email, website, tweet, letter, or smartphone call) or is expressed nonverbally with gestures or body language
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what can interfere with the message between a sender and receiver?
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"noise" -- such as loud sounds, misspelled words, or other distractions
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what does the receiver do?
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decodes (interprets) the message and may respond with feedback, informing the sender of the effectiveness of the message
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what can cause miscommunication between a sender & receiver?
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barriers such as bypassing, differing frames of reference, lack of language skill, and ditractions
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how should business writing be?
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purposeful, economical, and audience oriented
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what is phase 1 of the 3x3 writing process and what does it involve?
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PREWRITING-involves analyzing the message, anticipating the audience, and considering ways to adapt the message to the audience
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what is phase 2 of the 3x3 writing process and what does it involve?
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DRAFTING-involves researching the topic, organizing the material, and drafting the message
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what is phase 3 of the 3x3 writing process?
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REVISING-includes editing, proofreading, and evaluating the message
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how does a writing process help a writer?
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helps a writer by providing a systematic plan describing what to do in each step of the process
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what must communicators do before drafting?
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decide why they are creating a message and what they hope to achieve
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what do communicators do after identifying the purpose of a message?
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visualize both the primary and secondary audiences, which helps them choose the most appropriate language, tone, and content
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what should senders usually remember about receivers?
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they will usually be thinking WHAT'S IN IT FOR ME? (WIIFM)
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what 7 things does a sender use to select the channel they will send a message through?
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1. by considering the importance of the message 2. the amount and speed of feedback required 3. the necessity of a permanent record 4. the cost of the channel 5. the degree of formality desired 6. the confidentiality and sensitivity of the message 7. the receiver's preference and level of technical expertise
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what does the term "audience benefits" involve?
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looking for ways to shape the message from the receiver's, not the sender's view
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what do expert writing techniques include?
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using conversational but professional language along with positive language that tells what can be done rather than what can't be done
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what improves readability and effectiveness?
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plain language, familiar terms, strong verbs, and concrete nouns
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during phase 1 of the 3x3 writing process, what do TEAMS usually do?
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they usually work together in brainstorming and working out their procedures and assignments
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during phase 2 of the 3x3 writing process, what do TEAMS usually do?
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individual members research and write their portions of the project report of presentation
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during phase 3 of the 3x3 writing process, what do TEAMS usually do?
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work together to combine and revise their drafts
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what type of collaboration tools may teams use?
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e-mail, instant messaging, texting, wikis, word procession functions, web conferencing, google docs, or other software
