Great Depression & New Deal test study guide – Flashcards
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Black Tuesday
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October 29, 1929; Stock Market Crash
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"Okies"
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name given to migrants fleeing the Dust Bowl
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Bonus Army
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group of WWI veterans who marched to Washington DC in 1932 to demand early pensions
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Election of 1932
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Hoover vs. FDR; two competing ideologies - laissez faire vs. government intervention
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New Deal
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the name given to FDR's massive plan for relief, recovery, and reform
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)
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popular American president most remembered for the New Deal
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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she was FDR's eyes and ears and a strong advocate for the New Deal
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Hundred Days
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Roosevelt's proposals for new economic programs were quickly approved by Congress during this period
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3 R's of the New Deal (3 goals)
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Relief, Recovery, and Reform
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Relief
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New Deal programs that provided direct and indirect aid to individuals and families
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Recovery
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New Deal programs designed to speed economic recovery
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Reform
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measures designed to regulate operation of banks and the stock market to prevent another crash
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Agricultural Adjustment Act,
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raised farm prices ad controlled production
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Tennessee Valley Authority,
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aimed to control flooding and promote conservation while generating electricity for rural areas in the south
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Second New Deal
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in 1925 president roosevelt launched a new set of programs and reforms which were called this.
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Works Progress Administration,
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program of Second New Deal that employed artists and construction workers
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Social Security Act
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program created during Second New Deal; provides old-age and disability pensions & unemployment insurance
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court packing
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attempt by FDR to increase the size of the Supreme Court so judges favorable to his policies would be appointed
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National Industrial Recovery Act,
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called by Roosevelt "the most important and far-reaching piece of legislation ever passed in the United States."
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Public Works Administration- Public Works projects
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created large scale public construction projects.
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Civil Works Administration
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created many manual labor jobs to supply short term relief
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Federal Housing Administration,
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provided small loans for home construction
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National Youth Administration
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provided jobs to young people
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Securities and Exchange Commission
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regulated the sale of stocks and bonds
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dust bowl
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the area that included Western Kansas and Oklahoma, Northern Texas, and Eastern Colorado and New Mexico that suffered from the black blizzards
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stock exchange
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an organized system for buying and selling shares in corporations
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great depression
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a severe economic crisis that started in the late 1920's . farm income dropped throughout the 1920's. many small banks suffered when farmers defaulted on their loans. some large banks collapsed after suffering huge losses from the stock market crash .
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polio
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paralyzed president Roosevelt
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Herbert Hoover
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was president during the Great Depression
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Hoovervilles
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Many families lived in shelters built from old boxes and formed these communities
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Brain Trust
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group of progressive lawyers, economists and social workers who advised Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Stock Market Crash of 1929
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When did many investors panic and sell their stocks. What was is called?
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The Dust Bowl
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severe drought and high winds in the American plains created what is know as?
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Great Depression
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people buying goods with credit was one cause for the _________ _____________
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Social Security Act
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Part of FDR's New Deal that provides monthly payments to people who cannot work because of age or disability.
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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
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Built about 50 dams along rivers in the south to produce power and prevent flooding
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drought
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Long period without rain
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Recovery Programs
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New Deal programs to put money into the hands of people by creating jobs.
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Alphabet Soup
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During his presidency, Roosevelt started many New Deal programs, because of their initials, this was referred to as?
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Hoovervilles (1)
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Because President Herbert Hoover was blamed for the Great Depression, towns of shacks and tents called _______________ sprung up across the country.
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California
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An effect of the Dust Bowl was that many farmers moved, or migrated, away from the Midwest. They moved to ____________. (Where did the flee)
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List at least three causes of the Great Depression.
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People buying on credit, low wages, unemployment, overproduction, stock market crash
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List at least three effects of the Great Depression.
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failed businesses, bank failures, decreasing buying power, people lost all their money, unemployment (factories laid off workers), Hoovervilles, New Deal
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How did Franklin D. Roosevelt try to help the country through the Great Depression?
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Created the New Deal with programs such as the CCC, FDIC, SEC, and SSA to provide relief, recovery, and reform for the country
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What part did The Dust Bowl play in the Great Depression?
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Created more hardship for Americans and forced many to move to California
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What are you going to get on the test?
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A
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Herbert Hoover
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US president blamed for Depression; did "Too Little, Too Late"
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speculation
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making high risk investments in the stock market in hopes of getting rich quick
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buying on margin
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practice that contributed to inflated stock prices in the 1920s; required only 10% down payment to purchase stock
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fireside chats
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talks given by FDR to explain government policies in a reassuring, informative fashion
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deficit spending
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government spending in excess of tax revenues; done in 1930s to stimulate the economy
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How did Franklin D. Roosevelt try to help the country through the Great Depression?
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Created the New Deal with programs such as the CCC, FDIC, SEC, and SSA to provide relief, recovery, and reform for the country
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What part did The Dust Bowl play in the Great Depression?
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Created more hardship for Americans and forced many to move to California
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What were the reasons for the stock market crashing
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1. Stock Market Crash of 1929, 2. Bank Failures, 3. Reduction in personal spending, 4. American economic policy in Europe, 5. Drought conditions
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How did Hoover respond to the stock market crash
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He felt that the economy was overall doing well and would come out of it on its own without government interference- looked to "Rugged Individualism"
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Why did the banks fail
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They did not have enough money in the bank to repay all of their customers at once.
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Reasons for the stock market crashing
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stock market prices climbed in spite of goods piling up, people invested on speculation and buying on margin; when stocks hit a high point they began to fall people who bought on margin could not repay their loans
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Congress of Industrial Organizations
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CIO-industrywide union that included both skilled and unskilled workers
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sit down strike
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instead of walking off their jobs, striking workers remained idle inside the plant
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no mans land
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middle of nowhere, nothing around
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what events led to the dust bowl
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Great Plains drought, overgrazing of livestock, over plowing of fields, all destroyed the natural grasses whose roots anchored the soil
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life during the dust bowl
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extreme unemployment, bread lines, many people lost their homes, people living in shacks, kids had to grow up fast to help the family,
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dust pneumonia
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breathing in dust caused people's lungs to have problems
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farming methods that changed to try and limit dust being blown around
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The administration also began to educate farmers on soil conservation and anti-erosion techniques, including crop rotation, strip farming, contour plowing, terracing and other beneficial farming practices
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Ogallala Aquifer
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one of the world's largest aquifers; located in the Great Plains;
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liberal
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favors government action to bring about social and economic reform
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conservative
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favors fewer government controls and more individual freedom in economic matters
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How did FDR change government
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He increased the president's power; he proposed bills and programs for Congress to consider instead of waiting for Congress to act
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Important New Deal programs still in use today
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Social Security; National Labor Relations Board; Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; Securities and Stock Exchange Commission
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The event that helped to end the Depression and why
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World War II;, ended unemployment- people went to work preparing for the war or actually joining the war effort
