Grammar Test Roberts – Flashcards
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Complex
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-In contrast to a compound sentences. (Compound sentences must contain only in dependent clauses). - A complex sentence contains both independent clause and one or more dependent or subordinate clauses (Subordinate means of lesser value/meaning dependent clauses are of lesser value than independent clauses)
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compound complex
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-Contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
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Classify the following sentence write "S" For simple, "C" for Complex, "CPD" for compound, and "CC" for compound complex. 1. When my grandmother was young, she listened to Frank Senatra.
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Complex -When my grandmother was young (dependent clause/subordinate this sentence can't stand alone) -She listened to Frank Senatra (independent this sentence can stand alone) dependent+independent=complex
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Classify the following sentence write "S" For simple, "C" for Complex, "CPD" for compound, and "CC" for compound complex. 2.Sheri, the student with the best grade in class, was asked to represent the school at the spelling bee.
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Simple Sheri (subject), the student with the best grade in class, was asked (verb) to represent the school at the spelling bee. -Sheri the student with the best grade in class (this cannot be a dependent clause b/c sherri is the subject but there is no verb.) So the sentence must be a simple sentence.
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Classify the following sentence write "S" For simple, "C" for Complex, "CPD" for compound, and "CC" for compound complex. 3. Samantha and Carrie are going to the play.
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Simple One subject+ one verb= only one independent clause which= simple sentence.
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Classify the following sentence write "S" For simple, "C" for Complex, "CPD" for compound, and "CC" for compound complex. 4. Every time i watch that show, I feel sad.
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complex Ever time i watch that show= this sentence is a dependent b/c it contains a subject (i) and a verb (watch) but it doesn't express a complete thought so it= dependent clause i feel sad= one subject (i) and one verb (feel) and expresses a complete thought dependent+independent= complex.
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Classify the following sentence write "S" For simple, "C" for Complex, "CPD" for compound, and "CC" for compound complex. 5. I went tot the store, and I spent too much money.
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compound =CPD I went to the store (independent) i spent too much money (independent) independent + independent= compound
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Classify the following sentence write "S" For simple, "C" for Complex, "CPD" for compound, and "CC" for compound complex. 6. When i left for college, my mom cried, but my dad didn't. Mrs roberts said she will rewrite this sentence in the test as... When i left for college, my mom cried, but my dad didn't shed a tear.
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compound complex When i (subject) left (verb) for college (dependent clause b/c ot has a subject and verb) My mom cried =independent clause My dad didn't shed a tear= independent clause dependent+ independent+ independent clause= compound complex
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Classify the following sentence write "S" For simple, "C" for Complex, "CPD" for compound, and "CC" for compound complex. 7.In the winter it is usually cold, snowy, and hard to get around without snow tires.
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simple In the winter( subject) it is(verb) usually cold, snowy, and hard to get around without snow tires. -This sentence has one subject + one verb= only 1 independent clause which = simple sentence.
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Classify the following sentence write "S" For simple, "C" for Complex, "CPD" for compound, and "CC" for compound complex. 8. If you don't like it, don't eat it.
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complex if you (subject) don't (verb) like it= dependent Don't (verb) eat it (subject) = independent Dependent+independent= complex
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Classify the following sentence write "S" For simple, "C" for Complex, "CPD" for compound, and "CC" for compound complex. 9. Since it is early, I think I will wait to see if I can get a better price on tickets.
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Complex Since it(subject) is(verb) early= dependent i think i (subject) will wait (verb) to see= independent clause (complete thought) if i (subject) can get (verb) a better price on tickets= dependent clause Dependent+ independent+ dependent= complex sentence.
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Classify the following sentence write "S" For simple, "C" for Complex, "CPD" for compound, and "CC" for compound complex. 10. The car dealer who sold me the car was wrong.
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Complex -The car dealer (who sold me the car) was wrong. -who sold me the car= dependent clause -the car dealer was wrong= independent dependent+ independent clause= complex
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What are the three defining characteristics of a sentence (independent clause)
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A. Subject B. Verb C. Express a complete thought/make sense
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What is wrong with the following sentence? On Jenny's way home, she found a gold man's watch. a.There is no antecedent to the pronoun "she." b. There is a comma splice c. It has a fragment. d. It has a misplaced modifier. e. Nothing is wrong with it.
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Misplaced modifier. -Is it a gold man? No -It's a mans gold watch. Not a gold man's watch.
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What is wrong with the following sentence? The dealer sold the Cadillac with the leather seats to the buyer. a. It uses the wrong tense. b. There is a comma splice c. It has a sentence fragment. d. It has a misplaced modifier. e. Nothing is wrong.
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e. Nothing is wrong with it.
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Adjective
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Adjectives describe nouns by giving some information about an object's size, shape, age, color, origin or material. They give more detail. Big, round, black, blue, english table, wooden, broken, coffee table etc.
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Adverb
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a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. -Intensifies of the word it is modifying or lessens the meaning. infinitive: to show the team to buy a car to show his mother (e.g., gently, quite, then, there,truthfully, sloppy, really, somewhere here outside, now,first, yesterday, monthly,so ).
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Noun
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a word (other than a pronoun) used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things
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Proper noun
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Name specific people, places, things, or ideas (always begin with capital letter) Ex: Britney Spears, Central Park Zoo, Pacific Ocean, Nike,
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common noun
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Common nouns name non-specific people, places, things, or ideas (don't start with capital letter unless they start the sentence) Ex: woman, city, dog, shoe
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Collective noun
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Collective nouns are names for a collection or a number of people or things (e.g., assembly, family, crew,group,herd, array,class,jury, team,army,group,audience ).
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pronoun
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-Pronouns are words that are used to refer to a person, place, thing, and idea without repeating their names. ex: i, me ,she, he , we, yours, them, ours, theirs , their, it, this etc.
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interrogative pronoun
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Used to introduce questions, does not have to have an antecedent. -what, whom, whose Ex:Whom have you called about this?
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relative pronoun
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Used to tie together or relate groups of words ex: 1.The cyclist (who) won the race trained hard. 2.The pants (that) I bought yesterday are already stained. 3.The four team leaders, (whomever) the committee selects, will be at tomorrow's meeting. 4.Spaghetti, (which) we eat at least twice a week, is one of my family's favorite meals. 5.Where did you buy the dress (that) you wore last week? 6.The book, (when) it was finally returned, was torn and stained. 7.The store on the corner, (where) we usually buy all of our art supplies, burned to the ground.
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demonstrative pronoun
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Identify specific nouns. ex: this, that, these, those, -this book -these shirts -those socks They tell you specifically which book, shirt, or sock not just any but those.
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indefinite pronoun
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Indefinite pronouns are those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places.
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linking verb
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A linking verb connects the subject with a word that gives information about the subject, such as a condition or relationship. The most common linking verbs are forms of the verb to be: am, is, are, was, were, being, been. ex: 1."The snowman (looks) awesome." Looks is the linking verb in this case because it "links" the subject (snowman) to the adjective describing it (awesome). 2.they (are) a problem
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action verb
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action Verbs are verbs that express action. Ex: run, walk, do, drive. I'll do my homework when I get home.
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helping verb
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-Auxiliary (or Helping) verbs are used together with a main verb to show the verb's tense or to form a negative or question. The most common auxiliary verbs are have, be, and do. ex: 1.(Does) Sam write all his own reports? 2.The secretaries (haven't) written all the letters yet. 3.Terry (is) writing an e-mail to a client at the moment. **those you may think are the main verbs are helping verbs**
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predicate adjective
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Predicate adjectives describe things.Predicate adjectives also tend to appear after a linking verb and provide more information about the subject of a sentence. For example, in "Jack is handsome," Jack= subject handsome= predicate adjective. in some cases, there might even be multiple predicate adjectives in the same sentence. For example, in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou writes, "I was (happy), Dad was (proud), and my new friends were (gracious)."
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predicate nominative
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The predicate nominative (or predicate noun) is the noun or pronoun that comes after a linking verb. It renames the subject of the sentence Ex: Ben is a (fireman) Is=likning verb fireman=predicate nominative
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Transitive verb
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A transitive verb is a verb that requires one or more objects. she played the piano. played = transitive verb direct object= piano
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direct object
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-Direct Objects the noun, pronoun, or word acting as a noun that completes the meaning of a transitive verb. -They RECEIVE the action. -help you identify ask "what?" or "whom?" after an action verb. Formula:subject + action verb= whom or what/direct object. Jan drinks coffe. jan= subject drinks=verb whom/what=coffee ex2: Jan (subject) + hit (action verb)= ball (direct object)
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indirect object
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an indirect object is a noun or pronoun to whom/what or for whom/what an action is completed. The indirect object receives the direct object of the sentence. -An indirect object is always a noun, and a direct object must exist before an indirect object can exist. example: of a sentence WITHOUT an indirect object: Stan built a house. Stan built what? A house. House is the direct object. example of a sentence WITH an indirect object: Stan built Julie a house. Stan built what? A house. House is the direct object. Stan built a house for whom? Julie is the indirect object. example 2 : Max pitched Alice the baseball. Max (subject) pitched (verb) the baseball (direct object) to whom? He pitched it to Alice. Alice is the indirect object.
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preposition
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Preposition are short words in our language that show the position or relationship between one word and another. ex: on, near, by about , like, from, for, except, during, concerning, with, within, without, to, out, over...
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coordinating conjunction
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a conjunction placed between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences of equal rank, e.g., and, but, or.
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subordinate conjunction
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A clause, typically introduced by a conjunction, that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause. (e.g., "when it rang" (subordinate) vs. "she answered the phone when it rang")
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antecedent in a sentence is
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-the noun a pronoun represents (pronoun=it/he/she/it) Example: Martha was tires. She wanted to go to sleep. Martha=antecedent she= pronoun ex2:president Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Lincoln= antecedent his=pronoun
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Active sentence is
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In general we tend to use the active voice. That is when a subject does an action to an object. Somebody stole my laptop. (subject = Somebody / action(verb) = stole / object = my laptop)
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passive sentence is
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The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the action (the verb) and the object of a sentence rather than subject. This means that the subject is either less important than the action itself or that we don't know who or what the subject is. My laptop was stolen. (The object - now the subject = My laptop / action= was stolen) Passive: Napa Valley is known for its excellent wines. Active: [Many people] know Napa Valley for its excellent wines. Passive: Twenty civilians were killed in the bomb explosion. Active: Someone killed twenty civilians in the bomb explosion.
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an interrogative sentence is
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Interrogates/questions something
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a declarative sentence is
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Declares something ex:if you don't stop you're going to break something The sentence above is declaring you will break something if you don't stop.
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an imperative sentence is
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Involves emotion
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complement
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a word group complementing the meaning of the predicate/verb
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What is the antecedent in the following sentence? 32.Beth was upset because she couldn't finish the project in time.
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Beth
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33.The following sentence is: The following customer is being helped by the clerk. a.Active b.passive
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Passive B/C the customer is not the one helping he is the one receiving the help.
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35.She is the _________ girl in the whole first grade. a.smart b.smarter c.smartest d.most smart
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C.
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Does the sentence below need correction. If the sentence needs correction how can it be corrected. If no correction needed choose letter choice b. 36. in 1965 200 alabama state troopers attacked 525 civil rights demonstrators in selma alabama as they attempt to march to the state capitol of montgomery this was referred to as bloody Sunday a.correction needed. If so how? b.No correction needed
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a.In 1965, 200 Alabama State troopers attacked 525 civil rights demonstrators in Selma Alabama
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Does the sentence below need correction. If the sentence needs correction how can it be corrected. If no correction needed choose letter choice b. 37. samantha is a girl scout.she has badges for cooking sewing exercising and archery we are so proud of her a.correction needed. If so how? b.No correction needed
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a. Samantha is a girl scout. She has badges for cooking, sewing, exercising, and archery. We are so proud of her.
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Does the sentence below need correction. If the sentence needs correction how can it be corrected. If no correction needed choose letter choice b. 38.she yelled stop it as her brother started to pull the cats tail a.correction needed. If so how? b.No correction needed
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She yelled "stop it', as her brother started to pull the cats tail.
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Does the sentence below need correction. If the sentence needs correction how can it be corrected. If no correction needed choose letter choice b. 39. school is almost over for the year so I'm going to sleep for a week. a.correction needed. If so how? b.No correction needed
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School is almost over for the year, so I'm going to sleep for a week.
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Does the sentence below need correction. If the sentence needs correction how can it be corrected. If no correction needed choose letter choice b. 40. wow she did it a.correction needed. If so how? b.No correction needed
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Wow! She did it.
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Does the sentence below need correction. If the sentence needs correction how can it be corrected. If no correction needed choose letter choice b. 41. there are five senses sight hearing taste smell and touch and they are work together to help us understand the world a.correction needed. If so how? b.No correction needed
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There are five senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. These senses all work together to help us understand the world.
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Does the sentence below need correction. If the sentence needs correction how can it be corrected. If no correction needed choose letter choice b. 42. clean up your room and give the dog a bath a.correction needed. If so how? b.No correction needed
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Clean up your room, and give the dog a bath.
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Does the sentence below need correction. If the sentence needs correction how can it be corrected. If no correction needed choose letter choice b. 43. barbra the winner of the award did an excellent job on the project a.correction needed. If so how? b.No correction needed
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Barbra (the winner of the award) did an excellent job on the project.
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Does the sentence below need correction. If the sentence needs correction how can it be corrected. If no correction needed choose letter choice b. 44. today was a good day we accomplished all we set out to a.correction needed. If so how? b.No correction needed
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Today was a good day. We accomplished all we set out to do.
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Does the sentence below need correction. If the sentence needs correction how can it be corrected. If no correction needed choose letter choice b. 45. what will you do and where are you going when will you be back a.correction needed. If so how? b.No correction needed
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What did you do? Where will you be going? When will you be back?
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Does the sentence below need correction. If the sentence needs correction how can it be corrected. If no correction needed choose letter choice b. 46. well er i think so she faltered a.correction needed. If so how? b.No correction needed
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"Well-'er I think so," she faltered.
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Does the sentence below need correction. If the sentence needs correction how can it be corrected. If no correction needed choose letter choice b. 47. she answered one third of them the students are honor student Note: In the items above "the students" was not actually spoken, but identifies who the speaker is referring to. a.correction needed. If so how? b.No correction needed
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She answered, " One-third of them [the students] are honor students".
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