question

More demonstrations occurred in ______ than any other year during this time period.

answer

1965 (the year the Voting Rights Act was passed by Congress)

question

At the peak of the civil rights movement, there were about ______ demonstrations in the United States.

answer

400

question

Civil rights advocates shifted their focus away from public accommodations to voting rights after 1964 because

answer

the Civil Rights Act was passed by Congress.

question

Which of the following statements is true?

answer

Both "in the early 1960s, civil rights advocates were focused on public accommodations" and "in the mid-1960s, civil rights advocates were focused on voting" are true.

question

What core issues brought Americans together in Washington over 50 years ago?

answer

concerns over equal pay and equal rights

question

The case involving the death of the Florida teen Trayvon Martin serves as an example of __________ discrimination in modern America.

answer

de facto

question

Which national monument was the final destination of the March on Washington?

answer

Lincoln Memorial

question

Which president was considered "bold" at the time for publicly supporting equality for all Americans?

answer

Kennedy

question

Between 1960 and 2010, what was the increase in percentage of women who were college students?

answer

17 percent

question

Between 1979 and 2012, the wage gap was nearly

answer

cut in half.

question

In 1960, what was the percentage of female members in state legislatures?

answer

0 percent

question

Which demographic group had the largest wage gap between male and female workers?

answer

Asian American

question

Which demographic group had the smallest wage gap between male and female workers?

answer

Latino

question

How did the Legal Defense Fund of the NAACP change its strategy in 1948?

answer

It began to attack the "separate but equal" rule directly.

question

Which of the following is true of the state of voter ID laws in the United States?

answer

The Supreme Court struck down an Arizona law requiring that individuals produce proof of U.S. citizenship in order to register to vote.

question

Which was the most important pre-1954 case because it addressed racial discrimination in housing and property ownership?

answer

Shelley v. Kraemer

question

Under the 1965 Voting Rights Act, prior to 2013, what criteria was used for determining which voting jurisdictions needed federal preclearance before changing their voting laws or practices?

answer

past history of voting discrimination

question

Segregation or discriminatory practices that occur even when there is no explicit legal enforcement, such as school segregation in much of the United States today, is called ____ segregation.

answer

de facto

question

What organization is the major lobby for seniors and actively works for the adoption and enforcement of laws that prohibit age discrimination in employment and public accommodations?

answer

AARP

question

What level of scrutiny does the Supreme Court typically use in cases related to sex and gender discrimination?

answer

intermediate scrutiny

question

What was the Supreme Court's response to the Civil Rights Act of 1875?

answer

It declared the act unconstitutional because the Constitution protects only against acts of private discrimination, not state discrimination.

question

In Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), the Supreme Court ruled that the University of Michigan Law School's affirmative action policy was

answer

constitutional, since race was used only as a plus factor and not a quota.

question

What was accomplished by the 1947 Mendez v. Westminster case?

answer

the overturning of school segregation in Orange County

question

Which agency hears claims of discrimination brought under the Americans with Disabilities Act?

answer

EEOC

question

The "separate but equal" doctrine

answer

permitted a system of segregated social facilities.

question

What is the current status of school desegregation?

answer

The Court has ruled that race cannot be a factor in assigning students to schools to achieve greater racial diversity, so one of the few strategies to promote racial integration has been eliminated.

question

Laws passed in the 1970s make it more difficult for banks to engage in redlining, which is the practice of

answer

refusing to lend money for housing mortgages for entire neighborhoods.

question

Southern government officials used gerrymandering to

answer

dilute African American voting power through the drawing of district lines.

question

Which constitutional amendment guaranteed voting rights for African American men?

answer

fifteenth

question

The judicial test that places the burden of proof on government to show that a race-based policy serves a compelling government interest and is narrowly tailored to address identifiable past discrimination is called

answer

strict scrutiny.

question

The death penalty is not currently legal in

answer

Wisconsin.

question

The death penalty was implemented in 2010 in all the following states except

answer

Oregon.

question

Which of the following is suggested by the data presented in the chart?

answer

Violent offenders are irrational by definition.

question

Which of the following is true about deterrence based on the data presented in this chart?

answer

The murder rate for states that have the death penalty and have conducted at least one execution is higher than in states that do not have the death penalty.

question

Which aspect of the Fourth Amendment has made government surveillance programs controversial?

answer

warrantless searches

question

Concerns about privacy led Senator Udall to advocate having a national debate on the use of

answer

metadata.

question

What is the name of the surveillance program that was cited as being effective against terrorism?

answer

Prism

question

What percentage of the U.S. prison population is Hispanic?

answer

21 percent

question

Which category of criminal offenders make up the smallest segment of the U.S. prison population?

answer

public-order offenders

question

Which geographic region has a significantly higher level of incarceration per 100,000 residents?

answer

South

question

Which race/ethnicity represents the second-largest group within the U.S. prison population?

answer

White

question

The Fifth Amendment protects against

answer

double jeopardy.

question

In the 2006 case of United States v. Grubbs, the Supreme Court ruled that

answer

police could conduct searches using such "anticipatory warrants."

question

Which of the following is true of the Supreme Court's treatment of student speech?

answer

It has allowed conditional restrictions on student free speech depending on the content of the speech.

question

The Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade was based on the

answer

right to privacy.

question

Civil liberties are

answer

limitations on government action.

question

The free exercise clause protects

answer

right to believe in and practice one's religion of choice.

question

Fighting words fall outside constitutional protection because they

answer

directly incite violence.

question

Eminent domain is the power of government to

answer

take private property for public use.

question

Which of the following is a component of the Lemon test?

answer

determining whether government involvement advances a particular religion

question

The Supreme Court ruled in Lawrence v. Texas that the right to privacy

answer

extends to gay and lesbian citizens.

question

The most dramatic restraint imposed on police by the Bill of Rights, which can free those people who are known to have committed the crime of which they have been accused, is the

answer

exclusionary rule.

question

The right of the people "to keep and bear Arms" is based on

answer

participation in state militias.

question

Speech that is accompanied by conduct and that can be regulated by the government to preserve public order is called

answer

speech plus.

question

In the important 1945 case concerning eminent domain, the Supreme Court essentially ruled that

answer

the "public interest" used to justify eminent domain can mean anything a legislature wants it to mean.

question

Selective incorporation

answer

considers the provisions of the Bill of Rights one by one and selectively applies them as limits on the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.

question

Which of the following statements about the death penalty is accurate?

answer

The United States is the only Western nation that still executes criminals.

question

The idea of the separation of church and state is most closely associated with the

answer

establishment clause.

question

____ liberties place restraints on how government is supposed to act, while ____ liberties limit what the government has the power to do.

answer

Procedural; substantive

question

Which of the following is established by the Fifth Amendment?

answer

The courts cannot hold trials for serious offenses without provision for a grand jury.

question

At the present time, ______ percent of the total funding for public K-12 education comes from the federal government.

answer

12

question

Critics of No Child Left Behind contend that

answer

All of these are correct

question

The No Child Left Behind law

answer

was strongly supported by President George W. Bush.

question

Why were crowds gathered in Colorado in this video?

answer

to take the opportunity to legally buy both medical and recreational marijuana

question

How have dispensaries, licensed sellers of marijuana, been effected by legalization in Colorado?

answer

Dispensaries have seen sales double and even triple since recreational marijuana became legal.

question

With the country divided on the legalization of marijuana, and Denver's mayor opposed to it, what is the status of recreational marijuana in Colorado?

answer

The federal government will not interfere with the states, and all state and local officials will act in accordance with the new state laws to regulate marijuana sales like other industries.

question

Which category accounts for nearly 57 percent of the federal money provided to state and local governments?

answer

health

question

Identify the demographic group that would best explain why some states are recipients of more than $100 billion in federal assistance.

answer

number of citizens who are retired and rely on Social Security and Medicare

question

What geographic region contributes the most in federal taxes?

answer

Northeast

question

What geographic region receives the most federal assistance?

answer

Southeast

question

In a federal system, power is distributed

answer

between the state and national governments.

question

The Supreme Court ruling in United States v. Lopez is important because

answer

it was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress under the commerce clause.

question

Under the traditional system of dual federalism, the national government's primary functional role was

answer

the assistance of the nation's commerce.

question

The implied powers of the necessary and proper clause allow

answer

the national government to interpret its delegated powers expansively.

question

Which of the following is an example of a concurrent power?

answer

the power of both the national and state governments to charter banks and corporations

question

The power to declare war is an example of which type of power?

answer

expressed

question

Why has the controversy over same-sex marriage been so closely linked to the full faith and credit clause?

answer

It raises the issue of whether one state will recognize legal same-sex unions made in another state.

question

The commerce clause of Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution affords Congress broad regulatory power over what?

answer

interstate commerce

question

What type of situation in American federalism has often resulted in the act of preemption?

answer

A state action is found to be inconsistent with a federal requirement.

question

Most of the rules and regulations Americans face in their daily lives are set by

answer

state and local governments.

question

Which of the following statements about the evolution of federalism under the George W. Bush administration is accurate?

answer

The Bush administration oversaw a massive increase in federal authority over public education.

question

McCulloch v. Maryland is an important case because

answer

in this case, the U.S. Supreme Court interpreted the delegated powers of Congress broadly, creating the potential for increased national powers.

question

Block grants consist of federal aid to state or local governments that is

answer

to be spent within a specified policy area, though without the narrow regulations of categorical grants.

question

New Federalism was generally characterized by

answer

granting state and local governments greater control of nationally funded programs.

question

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) was important because it

answer

gave the national government significant new authority to regulate interstate commerce.

question

Specific powers provided to the national government in the U.S. Constitution are called __________ powers.

answer

expressed

question

What is the purpose of the Tenth Amendment?

answer

to limit the powers of the central government by establishing reserved powers for states and individuals

question

Which of the following would best exemplify a characteristic of a unitary system of government?

answer

The national government selects the textbooks and curriculum for all schools.

question

"Regulations or new conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on state and local governments for which they are not reimbursed by the national government" is the definition of

answer

unfunded mandates.

question

In what way did the federal government attempt to combat state opposition to national policies for a time in the 1960s?

answer

bypassing states altogether by making federal grants directly to local governments

question

Governor Quinn said that denying marriage equality has the effect of creating

answer

second-class citizens

question

How did President Lincoln articulate the connection between liberty and equality in America?

answer

He cited the Declaration of Independence.

question

What was one of the policy ambitions of passing the marriage equality law in Illinois?

answer

to promote equality in other states

question

According to polling data in 1960, more than ______ percent of American adults said they trusted the government to "do the right thing" all of the time or most of the time.

answer

70

question

By the 1980s, trust in government dropped to about ______ percent.

answer

25

question

Over the last 40 years, trust in government rose above 50 percent just once. This happened

answer

after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding trust in government?

answer

Trust in government today is at an all-time low

question

The population of the United States has grown approximately _____ times since 1790.

answer

??

question

According to the most recent census data, what geographic region is home to the majority of Americans?

answer

south

question

Historically, which demographic group has made up the majority of the population in the United States?

answer

20-44

question

Identify the demographic group that has more than tripled, as a percentage, since 1790.

answer

65+

question

What geographic region has experienced a consistent decline in percentage of population?

answer

northeast

question

The 1896 Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson was most directly related to the debate over equality of

answer

access to public institutions.

question

A belief in equality of results is

answer

not a part of the U.S. political culture.

question

Which of the following can be said to have characterized American politics for much of the past half-century?

answer

a pervasive sense of apathy and cynicism

question

Who gets what, when, and how is a definition of

answer

politics

question

Which of the followings statements about trust in government is accurate?

answer

Public trust in government in the United States dipped to historically low levels during the fight over the Affordable Care Act.

question

Which of the following was true of digital citizenship in 2012?

answer

Which of the following was true of digital citizenship in 2012?

question

Which of the following statements about recent immigration trends and the foreign-born population in the United States is accurate?

answer

People born in Asia constitute the second-largest group of foreign-born residents.

question

Which of the following was an effect of the National Origins quota system?

answer

The foreign-born population of the United States reached an all-time low by 1970.

question

Personal and economic freedom are both definitions of

answer

liberty

question

Because they understand how politics affects their lives, knowledgeable citizens tend to

answer

be more engaged in politics

question

Representatives make decisions about public policy in a(n) ____ democracy.

answer

representatives

question

Political efficacy is the

answer

belief that citizens can affect government.

question

What was revealed in the documents leaked by Edward Snowden?

answer

The National Security Agency had been secretly collecting information on Americans for years.

question

Which of the following wanted to promote political participation for the middle classes?

answer

bourgeoisie

question

The practice of direct democracy includes which of the following?

answer

ballot referenda

question

Over the last century, America's population has become ____ elderly and ____ young since the Founding.

answer

more;less

question

A government is made up of the

answer

formal institutions that rule a people.

question

The people are sovereign in a(n)

answer

democracy

question

Under the U.S. Constitution

answer

states decide their own way of selecting electors in presidential elections.

question

At the present time, the electoral college is typically favored

answer

by republicans

question

What aspect of the Constitution was brought up as the central issue regarding the health care reform law?

answer

The Commerce Clause

question

Which of the following is true about the Philadelphia Convention of 1787?

answer

The framers were deeply divided on the issue of presidential selection.

question

What evidence does one panelist provide to show that the Constitution is working?

answer

continuing debate about how to interpret the Constitution

question

What is the key to understanding the Constitution in a contemporary context?

answer

court interpretations

question

Which state had the most influence in the House of Representatives?

answer

Virginia

question

Comparing the population map with the proportional map of the United States, which state is most accurate in size?

answer

Virginia

question

How many Senators were there in the first Congress?

answer

26

question

The process of amending the Constitution is ____, leading to a ____ proportion of proposed amendments succeeding.

answer

difficult; very small

question

One key demonstration of the weakness of the Articles of Confederation was

answer

the size and duration of Shays's Rebellion.

question

Which of the following statements about the Declaration of Independence is accurate?

answer

It specifically identified and focused on grievances, aspirations, and principles that might unify the various colonial groups.

question

Which of the following was established in the Tenth Amendment?

answer

Powers not specifically granted by the Constitution to the federal government were reserved to the states or to the people.

question

Which of the following structural aspects was established for the legislature by the Constitution?

answer

The Senate was given the power to approve presidential appointments.

question

The Bill of Rights mollified concerns about

answer

an overly powerful central government.

question

Antifederalists' concerns about the Constitution

answer

included a concern that the Constitution did not specifically enumerate protected civil liberties.

question

The New England-based merchants and southern planters

answer

organized together in opposition to taxes imposed by the Stamp and Sugar Acts.

question

The concept of the "mixed regime," so called by theorists such as Montesquieu and incorporated into the Constitution, meant that each branch of government

answer

had a distinct constituency.

question

The core component of the New Jersey Plan was that

answer

each state would be equally represented in the new regime regardless of that state's population.

question

The total boycott of all British goods in the colonies came immediately after which event?

answer

creation of the First Continental Congress

question

Under the Great Compromise, the Senate

answer

was an arena where large and small states would compete on equal footing.

question

The elastic clause

answer

gives Congress the ability to pass laws necessary to carry out its expressed powers.

question

Which of the following did the Antifederalists most vigorously disapprove of?

answer

the elastic clause

question

The executive leader or presiding officer specified by the Articles of Confederation

answer

did not exist; the Articles specified no executive leader.

question

In general, the Federalists' future vision of the United States

answer

triumphed over the Antifederalist vision.

question

Proponents of the idea of the "living" Constitution would likely support the concept of

answer

judicial review.

question

As a political value, individual liberty

answer

was preeminent for the Constitution's authors.

question

Income taxes

answer

were not in existence in the mid-eighteenth century.

question

Changing the structure or composition of the federal government

answer

has been the motivating factor behind most of the post-Bill of Rights amendments.

question

The Articles of Confederation

answer

preceded the U.S. Constitution.

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