Home Page Arts And Humanities English Linguistics AP Government government unit 1 Answers - Flashcards

government unit 1 Answers – Flashcards

Evie Nicholson

7 July 2022

question

government

answer

the term generally used to describe the formal institutions through which a land and its people are ruled.

question

political efficacy

answer

the belief that ordinary people can affect what government does by taking action for the government to listen to them

question

authoritarian system

answer

the government recognizes no formal limit but may nevertheless be restrained by the power of social institution

question

totalitarian system

answer

the gov recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate other social institutes that may challenge it (hitler)

question

democracy

answer

a political system that permits citizens to play a significant part in governmental process usually through elections

question

constitutional government

answer

formal and effective limits are placed on the powers of the government

question

politics

answer

referred only to conflicts and struggles over the leadership, structure, and policies of government

question

power

answer

having a share or influence(influence over a governments leadership, organizations, or policies)

question

representative democracy (republic)

answer

a system of government in which the populace selects representatives who play a significant role in the gov decision making

question

direct democracy

answer

a system that permits citizens to vote directly on laws and policies

question

liberty

answer

freedom from government control and economic freedom

question

limited government

answer

powers are defined and limited by the constitution

question

laissez-faire capitalism

answer

allowed little room of the national government to regulate trade or restrict the use of private property, even in public interest

question

equality of opportunity

answer

all people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to reach their fullest potential

question

political equality

answer

the right to participate in politic equally based on the principle "one person, one vote"

question

popular sovereignty

answer

principle of democracy in which political authority rests ultimately in the hands of the people

question

majority rule with minority rights

answer

the democratic principle that a government follows the preferences of the majority of voters but protects the interest of the minority

question

*Americans trust in their government in their government:

answer

has declined significantly since the 1960's

question

*political efficacy is the belief that

answer

one can influence what government does

question

*according to the authors, good citizenship requires

answer

political knowledge and engagement

question

*what is digital citizenship?

answer

ability to participate in society online

question

*what is the difference between a totalitarian government and an authoritarian one?

answer

in authoritarian government, certain social institutions may restrain the power of the gov

question

*in a constitutional government

answer

formal and effective limits are placed on the powers of gov

question

*although not present at the national level, a number of states and cities permit citizens to vote directly on laws and policies. what is this called?

answer

direct democracy

question

*the percentage of foreign-born individuals living in the u.s.

answer

has increased significantly since reaching its low point in 1970

question

*since 1990, which of the following groups has increased as a percentage of the overall population in the united states?

answer

black, hispanic, and asian

question

*as a percentage of the total population in the u.s., which age group has increased the most dramatically from 1900-2010

answer

the ederly

question

*what percentage of americans live in urban areas today?

answer

80%

question

*related to the american conception of liberty

answer

freedom of speech, economic liberty, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly

question

*which of the following is not part of the core value of the american political system

answer

belief in equality of results

question

*the principle of political equality can be best summed up as

answer

"equality of opportunity"

question

amendment

answer

a change added to a bill, law, or constitution

question

antifederalists

answer

those who favored strong state governments and a weak national gov and were opponents of the constitution proposed at the american constitutional convention 0f 1787

question

article of confederation

answer

americas first written constitution; served as the basis for americas national gov until 1789

question

bicameral

answer

having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses; distinguished from unicameral

question

bill of rights

answer

the first 10 amendments to the constitution, ratified in 1791; they ensure certain rights and liberties to the people

question

checks and balances

answer

mechanisms through which each branch of government is able to participate in and influence activities of the other branches, major examples include the presidential veto power over congressional legislation, the of the senate to approve presidential appointments, and judicial review of congressional enactments

question

elastic clause

answer

article 1, section 8; (necessary of proper clause) which enumerates the powers of congress and provides congress with the authority to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry them out

question

confederation

answer

a system of gov in which states retain sovereign authority except for the powers expressly delegated to the national gov

question

electoral college

answer

the electors from each state who meet after the popular election to cast ballots for president and vice president

question

*in their fight against british taxes such as the stamp act and the sugar act of 1764, new england merchants allied with which of the following groups?

answer

artisans, southern planters, and laborers

question

*how did the british attempt to raise revenue in the north american colonies

answer

taxes on commerce

question

*the first governing document in the us was

answer

the articles of confederation

question

*where was the execution of laws conducted under the article of confederation

answer

the states

question

*which event led directly to the constitutional convention by providing evidence that the government created under the articles was unable to act decisively in times of national crisis

answer

shays rebellion

question

*which states proposal embodied a principle of representing states in the congress according to their size and wealth

answer

virginia

question

*the agreement reached at the constitutional convention that determined that every five slaves would be counted as 3 free persons for the purposes of taxation

answer

three-fifths compromise

question

*what mechanism was instituted in the congress to guard against "excessive democracy"

answer

bicameralism, staggered terms in office, appointment of senators for long terms, indirect election of the president

question

*which of the following best describes the supreme court as understood by the founders

answer

supreme court of the nation and states

question

*theorists such as montesquieu referred to the principle of giving each branch of gov a distinctly different constituency

answer

mixed regime

question

*which of the following were the antifederalists most concerned with?

answer

potential for tyranny in the central gov

question

*which of the following best describes the process of amending the constitution

answer

it is difficult and has rarely been used successfully to address specific public problems

question

block grants

answer

federal grants-in-aid that allow state considerable discretion in how the funds are spent

question

categorial grants

answer

congressional grants given to states and localities on the condition that expenditures be limited to a problem or group specified by law

question

commerce clause

answer

article 1, section. delegates congress the power "to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states and within the indian tribes" this clause was interpreted by the supreme court in favor of national power of the economy

question

concurrent powers

answer

authority possessed by both state and national governments such as the power to levy taxes

question

cooperative federalism

answer

a type of federalism existing since the new deal era in which grants in aid have been used strategically to encourage state and localities (without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals; also known as "intergovernmental cooperation"

question

devolution

answer

a policy to remove a program from one level of gov by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level of government to the state and local governments

question

dual federalism

answer

the system of government that prevailed in the united states from 1789 to 1937 in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments

question

expressed powers

answer

specific powers granted by the constitution to congress (article 1, section 8) and to the president (article 2)

question

federal system

answer

a system of government in which the national government shares power with the lower level of government such as states

question

federalism

answer

a system of gov which the power is divided by a constitution between the central (national) government and regional (state) governments

question

full faith and credit clause

answer

provision from article 4 section 1 requiring that states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state

question

general revenue sharing

answer

one unit of gov yields a portion of its tax income to another unit of gov; revenue sharing typically involves the national the national government providing money to state govs

question

grants-in-aid

answer

programs through which congress provides money to state and local governments on the condition that the funds be employed for purposes defined by the federal

question

home rule

answer

power delegated by the state to a local unit of government to manage its own affairs

question

implied powers

answer

powers derived from the necessary and proper clause of article 1 section 8; such powers are not specifically expressed, but are implied through the expansive interpretation of delegated powers

question

necessary and proper clause

answer

provision from article 1 section 8, of the constitution providing congress with the authority to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out its expressed powers

question

new federalism

answer

attempts by presidents nixon and reegan to return power to the states through block grants

question

police power

answer

power reserved to the state government to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens

question

preemption

answer

the principle that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain policy areas; in foreign policy, the willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack

question

privileges and immunities clause

answer

provision, from article 4 section 2 of the constitution , that a state cannot discriminate against someone from another state or give its own residents special privileges

question

reserved powers

answer

powers derived from tenth amendment to the constitution, that are not specifically delegated to the national government or denied to the states

question

states' rights

answer

the principle that the states should oppose the increasing authority of the national government; this principle was most popular in the period before the civil war

question

unfunded mandates

answer

regulations or conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on state and local governments for which they are not reimbursed by federal gov

question

unitary system

answer

a centralized gov system in which lower levels of gov have little power independent of the national gov

question

*which term describes the sharing of powers between the national gov and the state gov?

answer

federal system

question

*which amendment to the constitution stated that the powers not delegated to the national gov or prohibited to the states were reserved to the states?

answer

tenth amendment

question

*a state governments authority to regulate the health safety and morals of its citizens is frequently referred to as

answer

police power

question

*which constitutional clause has been central in debates over same sex marriage because it requires that states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions of other states?

answer

full faith and credit clause

question

*many states have amended their constitutions to guarantee that large cities will have the authority to manage local affairs without interference from state gov, this power is called

answer

home rule

question

*the system of federalism that allowed states to do most of the fundamental governing from 1789 to 1937 was

answer

dual federalism

question

*beginning in 1937 the supreme court laid the groundwork for a stronger federal government by

answer

issuing a number of decisions that dramatically expanded the definition of the commerce clause

question

*one of the most powerful tools by which the federal gov has attempted to get the states to act in ways that are desired by the federal gov

answer

providing grants in aid

question

*the process of returning more of the responsibilities of governing from the national level to the state level is known as

answer

devolution

question

*the form of regulated federalism that allows the federal gov to take over areas of regulation formerly overseen by states or local gov is

answer

preemption

question

*when state and local gov must conform to costly regulations or conditions in order to receive grants but do not receive reimbursements for their expenditures from the federal gov it is called

answer

unfunded mandate

question

*to what does the term "new federalism" refer

answer

efforts to return more policy-making discretion to the states through the use of block grants

question

affirmative action

answer

gov policies or programs that seek to redress past injustices against specified groups by making special efforts to provide members of these groups with access to educational and employment opportunities

question

bill of rights

answer

the first ten amendments to the u.s. constitution, ratified in 1791, they ensure certain rights and liberties to the people

question

bill of attainder

answer

a law that declares a person guilty of a crime without a trial

question

brown v board of education

answer

the 1954 supreme court decision that struck down the separate but equal doctrine as fundamentally unequal, this case eliminated state power to use race as a a criterion for discrimination in law and provided the national gov with the power to intervene by excercising strict regulatory policies against discrimination

question

civil liberties

answer

areas of personal freedom constitutionally protected from gov interference

question

civil rights

answer

obligation imposed on gov to take positive action to protect citizens from any illegal action of gov agencies and other private citizens

question

"clear and present danger" test

answer

test to determine whether speech is protected or unprotected, based on its capacity to present a clear and present danger to society

question

de facto

answer

"by fact" practices that occur even when there is no legal enforcement, such as school segregation in much of the u.s. today

question

de jure

answer

"by law" legally enforced practices such as school segregation in the south before the 1960's

question

double jeopardy

answer

the fifth amendment providing that a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime

question

due process of law

answer

the right of every citizen against arbitrary action by national or state gov

question

eminent domain

answer

the right of gov to take private property for public use

question

equal protection clause

answer

provision of the 14th amendment guaranteeing citizens the equal protection of laws, this clause has served as the basis for the civil rights of blacks, women and other groups

question

establisment clause

answer

the first amendment clause that says that "congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion" this law means that a "wall of separation" exists between church and state

question

exclusionary rule

answer

the ability of courts the exclude evidence obtained in violation of the fourth amendment

question

ex post facto laws

answer

laws that declare an action to be illegal after it has been committed

question

15th amendment

answer

one of three civil war amendments; voting rights for black men

question

fighting words

answer

speech that directly incited damaging conduct

question

14th amendment

answer

one of three civil amendments; equal protection and due process

question

free exercise clause

answer

the first amendment clause that protects a citizens right to believe and practice whatever religion one chooses

question

grand jury

answer

jury that determines whether sufficient evidence is available to justify a trial, grand juries do not rule on the accused guilt or innocence

question

habeas corpus

answer

a court order demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause for detention

question

libel

answer

a written statement made in "reckless disregard of the truth" that is considered damaging to a victim because it is "malicious, scandalous, and defamatory"

question

miranda rule

answer

the requirement (articulated by supreme court in miranda vs arizona (1966) that person under arrest must be informed prior to police interrogation of their right to remain silent

question

prior restraint

answer

an effort by governmental agency to block the publication of material it deems libelous or harmful in some other way, censorship, in the us the courts forbid prior restraint except under the most extraordinary circumstances

question

right to privacy

answer

the right to be left alone, which has been interpreted by the supreme court to entail individual access to abortion etc.

question

selective incorporation

answer

the process by which different protections in the bill of rights were incorporated into the fourteenth amendment, thus guaranteeing citizens protection from state and nation gov

question

"separate but equal" rule

answer

doctrine that public accommodations could be segregated by race but still be considered equal

question

slander

answer

oral statement made in "reckless disregard of the truth"

question

"speech plus"

answer

speech accompanied by conduct such as sit ins, picketing, and demonstrations; protections of this form of speech under the first amendment is conditional, and restrictions imposed by state or local authorities are acceptable properly balanced by considerations of public order

question

strict scrutiny

answer

a test used by the supreme court in racial discrimination cases and other cases involving civil liberties and civil rights that places the burden of proof on the gov rather than on the challengers to show that the law in question is constitutional

question

13th amendment

answer

one of three civil war amendments; abolished slavery

question

*which of the following rights was not included in the original constitutional?

answer

prohibition of warrantless search & seizure

question

*which of the following provided that all of the protections contained in the bill of rights applied to the states as well as national gov

answer

14th amendment

question

*the process by which some of the liberties in the bill of rights were applied to the states is known as

answer

selective incorporation

question

*which protection is not contained in the first amendment?

answer

freedom from unlawful searches ands seizures

question

*the judicial doctrine that places a heavy burden of proof on the gov when it seeks to regulate or restrict speech is called

answer

strict scrutiny

question

*which of the following was not a way the 24th amendment of 1964 and the voting rights act of 1965 significantly extended and protected voting rights

answer

requiring all voters to register two weeks before any federal election

question

*when did civil rights become part of the constitution

answer

1868 with the fourteenth amendment

question

*the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th amendments taken together define

answer

due process of law

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question

government

answer

the term generally used to describe the formal institutions through which a land and its people are ruled.

question

political efficacy

answer

the belief that ordinary people can affect what government does by taking action for the government to listen to them

question

authoritarian system

answer

the government recognizes no formal limit but may nevertheless be restrained by the power of social institution

question

totalitarian system

answer

the gov recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate other social institutes that may challenge it (hitler)

question

democracy

answer

a political system that permits citizens to play a significant part in governmental process usually through elections

question

constitutional government

answer

formal and effective limits are placed on the powers of the government

question

politics

answer

referred only to conflicts and struggles over the leadership, structure, and policies of government

question

power

answer

having a share or influence(influence over a governments leadership, organizations, or policies)

question

representative democracy (republic)

answer

a system of government in which the populace selects representatives who play a significant role in the gov decision making

question

direct democracy

answer

a system that permits citizens to vote directly on laws and policies

question

liberty

answer

freedom from government control and economic freedom

question

limited government

answer

powers are defined and limited by the constitution

question

laissez-faire capitalism

answer

allowed little room of the national government to regulate trade or restrict the use of private property, even in public interest

question

equality of opportunity

answer

all people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to reach their fullest potential

question

political equality

answer

the right to participate in politic equally based on the principle "one person, one vote"

question

popular sovereignty

answer

principle of democracy in which political authority rests ultimately in the hands of the people

question

majority rule with minority rights

answer

the democratic principle that a government follows the preferences of the majority of voters but protects the interest of the minority

question

*Americans trust in their government in their government:

answer

has declined significantly since the 1960's

question

*political efficacy is the belief that

answer

one can influence what government does

question

*according to the authors, good citizenship requires

answer

political knowledge and engagement

question

*what is digital citizenship?

answer

ability to participate in society online

question

*what is the difference between a totalitarian government and an authoritarian one?

answer

in authoritarian government, certain social institutions may restrain the power of the gov

question

*in a constitutional government

answer

formal and effective limits are placed on the powers of gov

question

*although not present at the national level, a number of states and cities permit citizens to vote directly on laws and policies. what is this called?

answer

direct democracy

question

*the percentage of foreign-born individuals living in the u.s.

answer

has increased significantly since reaching its low point in 1970

question

*since 1990, which of the following groups has increased as a percentage of the overall population in the united states?

answer

black, hispanic, and asian

question

*as a percentage of the total population in the u.s., which age group has increased the most dramatically from 1900-2010

answer

the ederly

question

*what percentage of americans live in urban areas today?

answer

80%

question

*related to the american conception of liberty

answer

freedom of speech, economic liberty, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly

question

*which of the following is not part of the core value of the american political system

answer

belief in equality of results

question

*the principle of political equality can be best summed up as

answer

"equality of opportunity"

question

amendment

answer

a change added to a bill, law, or constitution

question

antifederalists

answer

those who favored strong state governments and a weak national gov and were opponents of the constitution proposed at the american constitutional convention 0f 1787

question

article of confederation

answer

americas first written constitution; served as the basis for americas national gov until 1789

question

bicameral

answer

having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses; distinguished from unicameral

question

bill of rights

answer

the first 10 amendments to the constitution, ratified in 1791; they ensure certain rights and liberties to the people

question

checks and balances

answer

question

elastic clause

answer

article 1, section 8; (necessary of proper clause) which enumerates the powers of congress and provides congress with the authority to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry them out

question

confederation

answer

a system of gov in which states retain sovereign authority except for the powers expressly delegated to the national gov

question

electoral college

answer

the electors from each state who meet after the popular election to cast ballots for president and vice president

question

*in their fight against british taxes such as the stamp act and the sugar act of 1764, new england merchants allied with which of the following groups?

answer

artisans, southern planters, and laborers

question

*how did the british attempt to raise revenue in the north american colonies

answer

taxes on commerce

question

*the first governing document in the us was

answer

the articles of confederation

question

*where was the execution of laws conducted under the article of confederation

answer

the states

question

*which event led directly to the constitutional convention by providing evidence that the government created under the articles was unable to act decisively in times of national crisis

answer

shays rebellion

question

*which states proposal embodied a principle of representing states in the congress according to their size and wealth

answer

virginia

question

*the agreement reached at the constitutional convention that determined that every five slaves would be counted as 3 free persons for the purposes of taxation

answer

three-fifths compromise

question

*what mechanism was instituted in the congress to guard against "excessive democracy"

answer

bicameralism, staggered terms in office, appointment of senators for long terms, indirect election of the president

question

*which of the following best describes the supreme court as understood by the founders

answer

supreme court of the nation and states

question

*theorists such as montesquieu referred to the principle of giving each branch of gov a distinctly different constituency

answer

mixed regime

question

*which of the following were the antifederalists most concerned with?

answer

potential for tyranny in the central gov

question

*which of the following best describes the process of amending the constitution

answer

it is difficult and has rarely been used successfully to address specific public problems

question

block grants

answer

federal grants-in-aid that allow state considerable discretion in how the funds are spent

question

categorial grants

answer

congressional grants given to states and localities on the condition that expenditures be limited to a problem or group specified by law

question

commerce clause

answer

question

concurrent powers

answer

authority possessed by both state and national governments such as the power to levy taxes

question

cooperative federalism

answer

question

devolution

answer

a policy to remove a program from one level of gov by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level of government to the state and local governments

question

dual federalism

answer

the system of government that prevailed in the united states from 1789 to 1937 in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments

question

expressed powers

answer

specific powers granted by the constitution to congress (article 1, section 8) and to the president (article 2)

question

federal system

answer

a system of government in which the national government shares power with the lower level of government such as states

question

federalism

answer

a system of gov which the power is divided by a constitution between the central (national) government and regional (state) governments

question

full faith and credit clause

answer

provision from article 4 section 1 requiring that states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state

question

general revenue sharing

answer

one unit of gov yields a portion of its tax income to another unit of gov; revenue sharing typically involves the national the national government providing money to state govs

question

grants-in-aid

answer

programs through which congress provides money to state and local governments on the condition that the funds be employed for purposes defined by the federal

question

home rule

answer

power delegated by the state to a local unit of government to manage its own affairs

question

implied powers

answer

powers derived from the necessary and proper clause of article 1 section 8; such powers are not specifically expressed, but are implied through the expansive interpretation of delegated powers

question

necessary and proper clause

answer

provision from article 1 section 8, of the constitution providing congress with the authority to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out its expressed powers

question

new federalism

answer

attempts by presidents nixon and reegan to return power to the states through block grants

question

police power

answer

power reserved to the state government to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens

question

preemption

answer

the principle that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain policy areas; in foreign policy, the willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack

question

privileges and immunities clause

answer

provision, from article 4 section 2 of the constitution , that a state cannot discriminate against someone from another state or give its own residents special privileges

question

reserved powers

answer

powers derived from tenth amendment to the constitution, that are not specifically delegated to the national government or denied to the states

question

states' rights

answer

the principle that the states should oppose the increasing authority of the national government; this principle was most popular in the period before the civil war

question

unfunded mandates

answer

regulations or conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on state and local governments for which they are not reimbursed by federal gov

question

unitary system

answer

a centralized gov system in which lower levels of gov have little power independent of the national gov

question

*which term describes the sharing of powers between the national gov and the state gov?

answer

federal system

question

*which amendment to the constitution stated that the powers not delegated to the national gov or prohibited to the states were reserved to the states?

answer

tenth amendment

question

*a state governments authority to regulate the health safety and morals of its citizens is frequently referred to as

answer

police power

question

*which constitutional clause has been central in debates over same sex marriage because it requires that states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions of other states?

answer

full faith and credit clause

question

*many states have amended their constitutions to guarantee that large cities will have the authority to manage local affairs without interference from state gov, this power is called

answer

home rule

question

*the system of federalism that allowed states to do most of the fundamental governing from 1789 to 1937 was

answer

dual federalism

question

*beginning in 1937 the supreme court laid the groundwork for a stronger federal government by

answer

issuing a number of decisions that dramatically expanded the definition of the commerce clause

question

*one of the most powerful tools by which the federal gov has attempted to get the states to act in ways that are desired by the federal gov

answer

providing grants in aid

question

*the process of returning more of the responsibilities of governing from the national level to the state level is known as

answer

devolution

question

*the form of regulated federalism that allows the federal gov to take over areas of regulation formerly overseen by states or local gov is

answer

preemption

question

*when state and local gov must conform to costly regulations or conditions in order to receive grants but do not receive reimbursements for their expenditures from the federal gov it is called

answer

unfunded mandate

question

*to what does the term "new federalism" refer

answer

efforts to return more policy-making discretion to the states through the use of block grants

question

affirmative action

answer

question

bill of rights

answer

the first ten amendments to the u.s. constitution, ratified in 1791, they ensure certain rights and liberties to the people

question

bill of attainder

answer

a law that declares a person guilty of a crime without a trial

question

brown v board of education

answer

question

civil liberties

answer

areas of personal freedom constitutionally protected from gov interference

question

civil rights

answer

obligation imposed on gov to take positive action to protect citizens from any illegal action of gov agencies and other private citizens

question

"clear and present danger" test

answer

test to determine whether speech is protected or unprotected, based on its capacity to present a clear and present danger to society

question

de facto

answer

"by fact" practices that occur even when there is no legal enforcement, such as school segregation in much of the u.s. today

question

de jure

answer

"by law" legally enforced practices such as school segregation in the south before the 1960's

question

double jeopardy

answer

the fifth amendment providing that a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime

question

due process of law

answer

the right of every citizen against arbitrary action by national or state gov

question

eminent domain

answer

the right of gov to take private property for public use

question

equal protection clause

answer

provision of the 14th amendment guaranteeing citizens the equal protection of laws, this clause has served as the basis for the civil rights of blacks, women and other groups

question

establisment clause

answer

the first amendment clause that says that "congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion" this law means that a "wall of separation" exists between church and state

question

exclusionary rule

answer

the ability of courts the exclude evidence obtained in violation of the fourth amendment

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ex post facto laws

answer

laws that declare an action to be illegal after it has been committed

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15th amendment

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one of three civil war amendments; voting rights for black men

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fighting words

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speech that directly incited damaging conduct

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14th amendment

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one of three civil amendments; equal protection and due process

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free exercise clause

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the first amendment clause that protects a citizens right to believe and practice whatever religion one chooses

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grand jury

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jury that determines whether sufficient evidence is available to justify a trial, grand juries do not rule on the accused guilt or innocence

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habeas corpus

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a court order demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause for detention

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libel

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a written statement made in "reckless disregard of the truth" that is considered damaging to a victim because it is "malicious, scandalous, and defamatory"

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miranda rule

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the requirement (articulated by supreme court in miranda vs arizona (1966) that person under arrest must be informed prior to police interrogation of their right to remain silent

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prior restraint

answer

question

right to privacy

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the right to be left alone, which has been interpreted by the supreme court to entail individual access to abortion etc.

question

selective incorporation

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the process by which different protections in the bill of rights were incorporated into the fourteenth amendment, thus guaranteeing citizens protection from state and nation gov

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"separate but equal" rule

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doctrine that public accommodations could be segregated by race but still be considered equal

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slander

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oral statement made in "reckless disregard of the truth"

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"speech plus"

answer

question

strict scrutiny

answer

question

13th amendment

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one of three civil war amendments; abolished slavery

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*which of the following rights was not included in the original constitutional?

answer

prohibition of warrantless search & seizure

question

*which of the following provided that all of the protections contained in the bill of rights applied to the states as well as national gov

answer

14th amendment

question

*the process by which some of the liberties in the bill of rights were applied to the states is known as

answer

selective incorporation

question

*which protection is not contained in the first amendment?

answer

freedom from unlawful searches ands seizures

question

*the judicial doctrine that places a heavy burden of proof on the gov when it seeks to regulate or restrict speech is called

answer

strict scrutiny

question

*which of the following was not a way the 24th amendment of 1964 and the voting rights act of 1965 significantly extended and protected voting rights

answer

requiring all voters to register two weeks before any federal election

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*when did civil rights become part of the constitution

answer

1868 with the fourteenth amendment

question

*the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th amendments taken together define

answer

due process of law

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