Gov. in America CH. 9,10 – Flashcards

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What are the three types of Elections?
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Primary, General, State
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Select party nominees
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Primary election
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Select officeholders - "recall"
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General Election
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Select options on specific state policies
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State Election
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Gives voters a chance to approve proposed legislative or a consititutional amendment
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Referendum
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Process where voters may put proposed changes in state constitution to a vote given a sufficient # of signatures.
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Initiative Petition
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party's official endorsement of a candidate for office
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Nomination
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Goal of getting Nominated
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to win the majority of the delegates' support at the Nathional Party Convention
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What is the function of the National Party Convention?
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To select president and vice president candidates, to write the party platform
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A meeting of all state party leaders for selecting delegates to the national party convention; organized as a pyramid
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Caucus
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Elections that select candidates
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Primary
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What are the different Primary types?
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Closed, Open, Blanket
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elections to select party nominees where only people who registered in advance with the party can vote for those candidates.
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Closed Primary
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elections to select party nominees where voters decide on Election Day whether they want to participation in Democratic/Republican Contests
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Open Primary
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elections to select party nominees where voters are presented with a list of candidates from all parties (RULED UNCONSTITUTIONAL)
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Blanket Primary
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What are the types of Delegates?
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Pledged, Unpledged
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pledged to vote for the winner of the party election/caucus
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Pledged Delegates
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high-ranking party and elected officals such as governors, representatives, and party members; not bound by election/caucus
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Unpledged Delegates (Superdelegates)
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Pro: Quick, private ; Con: no dialogue; pre-research
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Primary Pros/Cons
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Pro: Accurate, Political Dialogue ; Con: takes long time, disorganized, peer pressure, not private
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Caucus Pros/Cons
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Parties control the election process by _____ and ______.
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Primaries and Caucuses
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Types of third parties
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Single Issue or Ideological, Splinter, Candidate
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What are the Barriers to Third Parties?
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Winner take all vs. Proportional, Ballot Access Laws (fees, signatures, etc.), Media Access (Debate rules(on required # on state ballots or min % polls)
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Decision - campaign - primary - national party convention - campaign - general election - electoral vote - inauguration
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Presidential Election Process
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Frontloading, winner-take-all vs. Proportional Delegate Representation, the Big Mo (momentum), Participation, Money
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Criticism of the Nomination Process
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Criticism of the Election Process
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Money, Selective Perception, Participation, Electoral College
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Why might people vote?
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Policy differneces between parties, sense of civic duty, high sense of political efficacy
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6 Factors related to voter turnout
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Education, age, race, gender, marital status, government employment
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Three dimensions of candidate image
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integrity, reliability, competence
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Four conditions necessary for true policy voting to take place
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(1) Voters must have aclear sense of their own policy positions ; (2) voters must know where the candidates stand on policy issues ; (3) voters ust see differences between candidates on those issues ; (4) they must actually cast a vote for the candidate whose policy positions coincide with their own.
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Criticism of the electoral College
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can win the popular vote, but lose the election
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Two tasks that elections accomplish
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select the policymakers, shape public policy
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How do elections broadly affect public policy?
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The greater the policy differences between the candidates, the more likely voters will be able to steer government policies by their choices
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theory of voting where voters essentially ask "What have you done for me lately?"
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retrospective voting
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A characterization of elections by political scientists meaning that they are almost universally accepted as a fair and free method of selecting political leaders.
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Legitimacy
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the legal right to vote
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Suffrage
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the belief that one's political participation really matters - that one's vote can actually make a difference.
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political efficacy
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the belief that in order to support democratic government, a citizen should always vote.
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civic duty
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a system adopted by the states that requires voters to register well in advance of Election Day
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voter registration
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Passed in 1993, this act went into effect for the 1996 election. It requires states to permit people to register to vote at the same time they apply for their driver's license
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Motor voter Act
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Electoral choices that are made on the basis of the voters' policy preferences and on the basis of where the candidates stand on policy issues.
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Policy voting
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A unique American institution, created by the Constitution, providing for the selection of the president by electors chosen by the sate parties.
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Electoral College
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What are the three Primary Reform Proposals?
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National Primary, RRegional Primary, Proportional Representation
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nationwide primary held early in election year; a Primary Reform Proposal
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National Primary
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a series of primaries held in each geographic region; a Primary Reform Proposal
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Regional primary
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no unpledged delegates; a Primary Reform Proposal
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Proportional Representation
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Superdelegates
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Do not follow people's decisions, "Wizards", have a lot of power, able to change mind, unpledged delegates
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an independent group that raises unlimited money for political activity, but cannot directly support or oppose a specific candidate.
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527 Group
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going door to door to figure out things for a campaign
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Canvasing
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trying to get people of the local level to get involved in a campaign
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Grass Roots Campaigning
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What are the five criticisms of the primary/caucus system?
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(1) disproportionate attention goes to early caucuses/primaries ; (2) Prominent politicians find it difficult to take time out from their duties to run. ; (3) $ Plays too big a role ; (4) Participation in primaries/caucuses is low and unrepresentative ; (5) System gives too much power to the media.
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